Characterization and functional analysis of the adipose tissue-derived stromal vascular fraction of pediatric patients with osteogenesis imperfecta.

Pediatric patients with Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI), a heritable connective tissue disorder, frequently suffer from long bone deformations. Surgical correction often results in bone non-unions, necessitating revision surgery with autogenous bone grafting using bone-marrow-derived stem cells (BM-SC) to regenerate bone. BM-SC harvest is generally invasive and limited in supply; thus, adipose tissue's stromal vascular fraction (SVF) has been introduced as an alternative stem cell reservoir. To elucidate if OI patients' surgical site dissected adipose tissue could be used as autologous bone graft in future, we investigated whether the underlying genetic condition alters SVF's cell populations and in vitro differentiation capacity. After optimizing SVF isolation, we demonstrate successful isolation of SVF of pediatric OI patients and non-OI controls. The number of viable cells was comparable between OI and controls, with about 450,000 per gram tissue. Age, sex, type of OI, disease-causing collagen mutation, or anatomical site of harvest did not affect cell outcome. Further, SVF-containing cell populations were similar between OI and controls, and all isolated SVF's demonstrated chondrogenic, adipogenic, and osteogenic differentiation capacity in vitro. These results indicate that SVF from pediatric OI patients could be used as a source of stem cells for autologous stem cell therapy in OI.

Full Regeneration of Maxillary Alveolar Bone Using Autogenous Partially Demineralized Dentin Matrix and Particulate Cancellous Bone and Marrow for Implant-Supported Full Arch Rehabilitation.

Autogenous partially demineralized dentin matrix (APDDM) has been reportedly used as a superior bone graft material. A 52-year-old Japanese man who exhibited severe periodontitis was referred for oral rehabilitation. He underwent wide-range anterior maxillary alveolar bone and bilateral sinus floor augmentation by grafting of a mixture of APDDM and particulate cancellous bone and marrow (PCBM); subsequently, he underwent implant-supported full arch rehabilitation. He has been followed up for 4 years after placement of the final restoration without any complications, and his physiological bone volume has been maintained. APDDM constitutes an alternative treatment that may increase the volume of graft material and might prevent rapid resorption of PCBM, because APDDM served as a scaffold for osteoblasts from PCBM. When possible, it may be useful to apply APDDM as a graft material with PCBM for large-volume alveolar bone regeneration.

Combination of polyetherketoneketone scaffold and human mesenchymal stem cells from temporomandibular joint synovial fluid enhances bone regeneration.

Therapies using human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) combined with three-dimensional (3D) printed scaffolds are a promising strategy for bone grafting. But the harvest of MSCs still remains invasive for patients. Human synovial fluid MSCs (hSF-MSCs), which can be obtained by a minimally invasive needle-aspiration procedure, have been used for cartilage repair. However, little is known of hSF-MSCs in bone regeneration. Polyetherketoneketone (PEKK) is an attractive bone scaffold due to its mechanical properties comparable to bone. In this study, 3D-printed PEKK scaffolds were fabricated using laser sintering technique. hSF-MSCs were characterized and cultured on PEKK to evaluate their cell attachment, proliferation, and osteogenic potential. Rabbit calvarial critical-sized bone defects were created to test the bone regenerative effect of PEKK with hSF-MSCs. In vitro results showed that hSF-MSCs attached, proliferated, and were osteogenic on PEKK. In vivo results indicated that PEKK seeded with hSF-MSCs regenerated twice the amount of newly formed bone when compared to PEKK seeded with osteogenically-induced hSF-MSCs or PEKK scaffolds alone. These results suggested that there was no need to induce hSF-MSCs into osteoblasts prior to their transplantations in vivo. In conclusion, the combined use of PEKK and hSF-MSCs was effective in regenerating critical-sized bone defects.

Onlay bone augmentation on mouse calvarial bone using a hydroxyapatite/collagen composite material with total blood or platelet-rich plasma.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess newly formed onlay bone on mouse calvarial bone using a new artificial bone material, a hydroxyapatite/collagen composite, with total blood or platelet-rich plasma. DESIGN: The hydroxyapatite/collagen composite material with normal saline, total blood or platelet-rich plasma was transplanted on mouse calvarial bone. The mice were sacrificed and the specimens were harvested four weeks after surgery. The newly formed bone area was measured on hematoxylin and eosin stained specimens using Image J software. RESULTS: The hydroxyapatite/collagen composite materials with total blood or platelet-rich plasma induced a significantly greater amount of newly formed bone than that with normal saline. Moreover, bone marrow was observed four weeks after surgery in the transplanted materials with total blood or platelet-rich plasma but not with normal saline. However, there were no significant differences in the amount of newly formed bone between materials used with total blood versus platelet-rich plasma. CONCLUSIONS: The hydroxyapatite/collagen composite material was valid for onlay bone augmentation and this material should be soaked in total blood or platelet-rich plasma prior to transplantation.