Radiological findings in a case of congenital lumbar herniation of the kidney with a spinal tube defect.

The superior lumbar triangle is formed by the erector spinae muscles medially, internal oblique muscles laterally and the 12th rib superiorly. Herniation through this triangle can be congenital or acquired (primary or secondary). The contents of the hernial sac commonly include retroperitoneal fat, kidneys, ascending or descending colon, small intestines, stomach, spleen, etc. We present a case of an infant with congenital herniation of the left kidney through the superior lumbar triangle with an incidentally detected closed spinal tube defect. The anatomy of the lumbar triangle and a literature review of the associated hernia have been briefly described in this article.

Radiological features of multifocal embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma affecting the vagina and the urinary bladder in a pediatric patient.

Rhabdomyosarcomas are the most common soft-tissue sarcomas, found usually in the younger age group. Histologically, they are subdivided into embryonal, alveolar, pleomorphic and not otherwise specified. They have a heterogenous appearance on imaging with few additional characteristic features based on the subtype. Botryoid variant of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma commonly involves the genitourinary and the biliary system. They can be multifocal. Most of these lesions have a heterogenous appearance on imaging with areas of necrosis and haemorrhage. On ultrasound, they are polypoidal with cystic areas and are vascular. The lesions are hyperintense on T2 sequences, isointense to the skeletal muscle on T1 sequences and show heterogenous enhancement. Surgery is the mainstay of treatment along with radiotherapy or chemotherapy depending on the site and the stage of the tumour. We report a case of botryoid variant of rhabdomyosarcoma involving the vagina and the urinary bladder.