RESUMO
Interkingdom polymicrobial biofilms formed by Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans pose serious threats of chronic systemic infections due to the absence of any common therapeutic target for their elimination. Herein, we present the structure-activity relationship (SAR) of membrane-targeting cholic acid-peptide conjugates (CAPs) against Gram-positive bacterial and fungal strains. Structure-activity investigations validated by mechanistic studies revealed that valine-glycine dipeptide-derived CAP 3 was the most effective broad-spectrum antimicrobial against S. aureus and C. albicans CAP 3 was able to degrade the preformed single-species and polymicrobial biofilms formed by S. aureus and C. albicans, and CAP 3-coated materials prevented the formation of biofilms. Murine wound and catheter infection models further confirmed the equally potent bactericidal and fungicidal effect of CAP 3 against bacterial, fungal, and polymicrobial infections. Taken together, these results demonstrate that CAPs, as potential broad-spectrum antimicrobials, can effectively clear the frequently encountered polymicrobial infections and can be fine-tuned further for future applications.
Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologia , Biofilmes/efeitos dos fármacos , Ácido Cólico/farmacologia , Peptídeos/farmacologia , Animais , Candida albicans/efeitos dos fármacos , Candidíase/tratamento farmacológico , Candidíase/microbiologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana/métodos , Viabilidade Microbiana/efeitos dos fármacos , Infecções Estafilocócicas/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções Estafilocócicas/microbiologia , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Protein ADP-ribosylation is a reversible post-translational modification, which alters protein activity, localization, interactome or stability, leading to perturbation of cell signaling. This review summarizes the emerging data indicating that host cell ADP-ribosylating enzymes, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs), influence the course of a bacterial infection, in parallel to ADP-ribosylating bacterial toxins. Host cell PARP targeting could be an efficient therapeutic approach to treat certain bacterial infections, possibly by repurposing the approved or clinical trial PARP inhibitors developed for cancer therapy.
Assuntos
Bactérias/metabolismo , Infecções Bacterianas/enzimologia , Infecções Bacterianas/imunologia , Poli(ADP-Ribose) Polimerases/imunologia , ADP-Ribosilação/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Bactérias/classificação , Infecções Bacterianas/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções Bacterianas/metabolismo , Interações Hospedeiro-Patógeno/efeitos dos fármacos , Interações Hospedeiro-Patógeno/imunologia , Humanos , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Inflamação/enzimologia , Inflamação/imunologia , Inibidores de Poli(ADP-Ribose) Polimerases/farmacologia , Inibidores de Poli(ADP-Ribose) Polimerases/uso terapêutico , Poli(ADP-Ribose) Polimerases/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Transdução de Sinais/imunologiaRESUMO
The presence of lipopolysaccharide and emergence of drug resistance make the treatment of Gram-negative bacterial infections highly challenging. Herein, we present the synthesis and antibacterial activities of cholic acid-peptide conjugates (CAPs), demonstrating that valine-glycine dipeptide-derived CAP 3 is the most effective antimicrobial. Molecular dynamics simulations and structural analysis revealed that a precise intramolecular network of CAP 3 is maintained in the form of evolving edges, suggesting intramolecular connectivity. Further, we found high conformational rigidity in CAP 3 that confers maximum perturbations in bacterial membranes relative to other small molecules. Interestingly, CAP 3-coated catheters did not allow the formation of biofilms in mice, and treatment of wound infections with CAP 3 was able to clear the bacterial infection. Our results demonstrate that molecular conformation and internal connectivity are critical parameters to describe the antimicrobial nature of compounds, and the analysis presented here may serve as a general principle for the design of future antimicrobials.