Outcomes after laparoscopic cholecystectomy in patients older than 80 years: two-years follow-up.

BACKGROUND: The laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the treatment of choice for patients with benign biliary disease. It is necessary to evaluate survival after laparoscopic cholecystectomy in patients over 80 years old to determine whether the long-term mortality rate is higher than the reported recurrence rate. If so, this age group could benefit from a more conservative approach, such as antibiotic treatment or cholecystostomy. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the factors associated with 2 years survival after laparoscopic cholecystectomy in patients over 80 years old. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective observational cohort study. We included all patients over 80 years old who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Survival analysis was conducted using the Kaplan‒Meier method. Cox regression analysis was implemented to determine potential factors associated with mortality at 24 months. RESULTS: A total of 144 patients were included in the study, of whom 37 (25.69%) died at the two-year follow-up. Survival curves were compared for different ASA groups, showing a higher proportion of survivors at two years among patients classified as ASA 1-2 at 87.50% compared to ASA 3-4 at 63.75% (p = 0.001). An ASA score of 3-4 was identified as a statistically significant factor associated with mortality, indicating a higher risk (HR: 2.71, CI95%:1.20-6.14). CONCLUSIONS: ASA 3-4 patients may benefit from conservative management due to their higher risk of mortality at 2 years and a lower probability of disease recurrence.

Clinical value of Hospital Admission Risk Profile (HARP) and the Identification of Seniors at Risk (ISAR) scales to predict hospital-associated functional decline in an acute geriatric unit in Colombia.

Background: Older adults admitted to a hospital for acute illness are at higher risk of hospital-associated functional decline during stays and after discharge. Objective: This study aimed to assess the calibration and discriminative abilities of the Hospital Admission Risk Profile (HARP) and the Identification of Seniors at Risk (ISAR) scales as predictors of hospital-associated functional decline at discharge in a cohort of patients older than age 65 receiving management in an acute geriatric care unit in Colombia. Methods: This study is an external validation of ISAR and HARP prediction models in a cohort of patients over 65 years managed in an acute geriatric care unit. The study included patients with Barthel index measured at admission and discharge. The evaluation discriminate ability and calibration, two fundamental aspects of the scales. Results: Of 833 patients evaluated, 363 (43.6%) presented hospital-associated functional decline at discharge. The HARP underestimated the risk of hospital-associated functional decline for patients in low- and intermediate-risk categories (relation between observed/expected events (ROE) 1.82 and 1.51, respectively). The HARP overestimated the risk of hospital-associated functional decline for patients in the high-risk category (ROE 0.91). The ISAR underestimated the risk of hospital-associated functional decline for patients in low- and high-risk categories (ROE 1.59 and 1.11). Both scales showed poor discriminative ability, with an area under the curve (AUC) between 0.55 and 0.60. Conclusions: This study found that HARP and ISAR scales have limited discriminative ability to predict HAFD at discharge. The HARP and ISAR scales should be used cautiously in the Colombian population since they underestimate the risk of hospital-associated functional decline and have low discriminative ability.

Antecedentes: los adultos mayores ingresados en un hospital por una enfermedad aguda tienen un mayor riesgo de deterioro functional hospitalario durante su estancia y después del alta. Objetivo: este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar las capacidades de calibración y discriminación de las escalas Hospital Admission Risk Profile (HARP) e Identification of Seniors at Risk (ISAR) como predictores de deterioro funcional hospitalario al alta en una cohorte de pacientes mayores de 65 años que recibieron manejo en una unidad geriátrica de agudos en Colombia. Métodos: este estudio es una validación externa de los modelos de predicción ISAR y HARP en una cohorte de pacientes mayores de 65 años atendidos en una unidad geriátrica de agudos. El estudio incluyó pacientes con índice de Barthel medido al ingreso y al alta y la evaluación de la capacidad de discriminación y calibración, dos aspectos fundamentales para esta medición. Resultados: de 833 pacientes evaluados, 363 (43.6%) presentaron deterioro funcional hospitalario al momento del alta. La escala HARP subestimó el riesgo de deterioro funcional hospitalario para los pacientes en las categorías de riesgo bajo e intermedio (relación entre eventos observados /esperados (ROE) 1.82 y 1.51, respectivamente). El HARP sobrestimó el riesgo de deterioro funcional hospitalario para pacientes en la categoría de alto riesgo (ROE 0.91). El ISAR subestimó el riesgo de deterioro hospitalario para pacientes en categorías de bajo y alto riesgo (ROE 1.59 y 1.11). Ambas escalas mostraron una pobre capacidad de discriminación, con un área bajo la curva (AUC) entre 0.55 y 0.60. Conclusiones: este estudio encontró que las escalas HARP e ISAR tienen una capacidad de discriminación limitada para predecir deterioro funcional hospitalario al alta. Las escalas HARP e ISAR deben usarse con cautela en la población colombiana ya que subestiman el riesgo de deterioro funcional hospitalario y tienen baja capacidad de discriminación.

Clinical value of Hospital Admission Risk Profile (HARP) and the Identification of Seniors at Risk (ISAR) scales to predict hospital-associated functional decline in an acute geriatric unit in Colombia

Background: Older adults admitted to a hospital for acute illness are at higher risk of hospital-associated functional decline during stays and after discharge. Objective: This study aimed to assess the calibration and discriminative abilities of the Hospital Admission Risk Profile (HARP) and the Identification of Seniors at Risk (ISAR) scales as predictors of hospital-associated functional decline at discharge in a cohort of patients older than age 65 receiving management in an acute geriatric care unit in Colombia. Methods: This study is an external validation of ISAR and HARP prediction models in a cohort of patients over 65 years managed in an acute geriatric care unit. The study included patients with Barthel index measured at admission and discharge. The evaluation discriminate ability and calibration, two fundamental aspects of the scales. Results: Of 833 patients evaluated, 363 (43.6%) presented hospital-associated functional decline at discharge. The HARP underestimated the risk of hospital-associated functional decline for patients in low- and intermediate-risk categories (relation between observed/expected events (ROE) 1.82 and 1.51, respectively). The HARP overestimated the risk of hospital-associated functional decline for patients in the high-risk category (ROE 0.91). The ISAR underestimated the risk of hospital-associated functional decline for patients in low- and high-risk categories (ROE 1.59 and 1.11). Both scales showed poor discriminative ability, with an area under the curve (AUC) between 0.55 and 0.60. Conclusions: This study found that HARP and ISAR scales have limited discriminative ability to predict HAFD at discharge. The HARP and ISAR scales should be used cautiously in the Colombian population since they underestimate the risk of hospital-associated functional decline and have low discriminative ability.

Antecedentes: los adultos mayores ingresados en un hospital por una enfermedad aguda tienen un mayor riesgo de deterioro functional hospitalario durante su estancia y después del alta. Objetivo: este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar las capacidades de calibración y discriminación de las escalas Hospital Admission Risk Profile (HARP) e Identification of Seniors at Risk (ISAR) como predictores de deterioro funcional hospitalario al alta en una cohorte de pacientes mayores de 65 años que recibieron manejo en una unidad geriátrica de agudos en Colombia. Métodos: este estudio es una validación externa de los modelos de predicción ISAR y HARP en una cohorte de pacientes mayores de 65 años atendidos en una unidad geriátrica de agudos. El estudio incluyó pacientes con índice de Barthel medido al ingreso y al alta y la evaluación de la capacidad de discriminación y calibración, dos aspectos fundamentales para esta medición. Resultados: de 833 pacientes evaluados, 363 (43.6%) presentaron deterioro funcional hospitalario al momento del alta. La escala HARP subestimó el riesgo de deterioro funcional hospitalario para los pacientes en las categorías de riesgo bajo e intermedio (relación entre eventos observados /esperados (ROE) 1.82 y 1.51, respectivamente). El HARP sobrestimó el riesgo de deterioro funcional hospitalario para pacientes en la categoría de alto riesgo (ROE 0.91). El ISAR subestimó el riesgo de deterioro hospitalario para pacientes en categorías de bajo y alto riesgo (ROE 1.59 y 1.11). Ambas escalas mostraron una pobre capacidad de discriminación, con un área bajo la curva (AUC) entre 0.55 y 0.60. Conclusiones: este estudio encontró que las escalas HARP e ISAR tienen una capacidad de discriminación limitada para predecir deterioro funcional hospitalario al alta. Las escalas HARP e ISAR deben usarse con cautela en la población colombiana ya que subestiman el riesgo de deterioro funcional hospitalario y tienen baja capacidad de discriminación.

In-hospital complications in an acute care geriatric unit / [Complicaciones intrahospitalarias en una unidad geriátrica de agudos].

Introduction: In-hospital complications frequently occur in hospitalized people over 65 worsening their clinical outcomes. There are, however, few studies on the factors associated with in-hospital complications in elderly patient care. Objective: To evaluate factors associated with in-hospital complications in a geriatric acute care unit in Bogotá, Colombia. Materials and methods: We conducted an analytical, observational, retrospective study in a cohort of 1,657 patients over 65 years of age who received care in the geriatric unit of a high complexity hospital in Bogotá, Colombia. The dependent variable was in-hospital complications and the independent variables, the degree of functional dependence on admission, dementia, nutritional status, social support, comorbidity, and polypharmacy. We used Poisson's linear regression model to identify associated variables. Results: The bivariate analysis showed that functional dependence (PR=2.092, p≤0.001) and malnutrition (PR=2.850, p≤0.001) were associated with a higher rate of hospital-acquired infection. In the multivariate analysis, functional dependence (PR=1.931, p=0.003) and malnutrition (PR=2.502, p=0.002) remained independent factors for in-hospital complications. Conclusion: In acute care centers, integral assessment at admission to identify functional dependence and malnutrition predicts in-hospital complications.

Introducción. Las complicaciones hospitalarias ocurren con gran frecuencia en personas mayores de 65 años hospitalizadas y conllevan peores resultados clínicos. Son pocos los estudios sobre los factores asociados con las complicaciones hospitalarias en la atención de adultos mayores. Objetivo. Evaluar los factores asociados con las complicaciones hospitalarias en una unidad geriátrica de agudos en Bogotá, Colombia. Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio observacional analítico basado en una cohorte retrospectiva que incluyó 1.657 pacientes mayores de 65 años atendidos en una unidad de hospitalización en Bogotá, Colombia. La variable dependiente fueron las complicaciones hospitalarias y, las independientes, la dependencia funcional, la demencia, el estado nutricional, el soporte social, las comorbilidades y la polifarmacia. Se utilizó el modelo de regresión lineal de Poisson para determinar las variables asociadas. Resultados. En el análisis bivariado se encontró que la dependencia funcional (razón de prevalencia, RP=2,092; p≤0,001) y la malnutrición (RP=2,850; p≤0,001) eran factores asociados con una mayor tasa de complicaciones hospitalarias. En el análisis multivariado aparecían como factores independientes (dependencia funcional: RP=1,931 y p=0,003; malnutrición: RP=2,502 y p=0,002). Conclusión. El hacer una evaluación integral que permita determinar la dependencia funcional y la malnutrición en el momento de ingreso en las unidades de hospitalización, permitiría predecir complicaciones hospitalarias.

Complicaciones hospitalarias en una unidad geriátrica de agudos / In-hospital complications in an acute care geriatric unit

Resumen | Introducción. Las complicaciones hospitalarias ocurren con gran frecuencia en personas mayores de 65 años hospitalizadas y conllevan peores resultados clínicos. Son pocos los estudios sobre los factores asociados con las complicaciones hospitalarias en la atención de adultos mayores. Objetivo. Evaluar los factores asociados con las complicaciones hospitalarias en una unidad geriátrica de agudos en Bogotá, Colombia. Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio observacional analítico basado en una cohorte retrospectiva que incluyó 1.657 pacientes mayores de 65 años atendidos en una unidad de hospitalización en Bogotá, Colombia. La variable dependiente fueron las complicaciones hospitalarias y, las independientes, la dependencia funcional, la demencia, el estado nutricional, el soporte social, las comorbilidades y la polifarmacia. Se utilizó el modelo de regresión lineal de Poisson para determinar las variables asociadas. Resultados. En el análisis bivariado se encontró que la dependencia funcional (razón de prevalencia, RP=2,092; p≤0,001) y la malnutrición (RP=2,850; p≤0,001) eran factores asociados con una mayor tasa de complicaciones hospitalarias. En el análisis multivariado aparecían como factores independientes (dependencia funcional: RP=1,931 y p=0,003; malnutrición: RP=2,502 y p=0,002). Conclusión. El hacer una evaluación integral que permita determinar la dependencia funcional y la malnutrición en el momento de ingreso en las unidades de hospitalización, permitiría predecir complicaciones hospitalarias.

Abstract | Introduction: In-hospital complications frequently occur in hospitalized people over 65 worsening their clinical outcomes. There are, however, few studies on the factors associated with in-hospital complications in elderly patient care. Objective: To evaluate factors associated with in-hospital complications in a geriatric acute care unit in Bogotá, Colombia. Materials and methods: We conducted an analytical, observational, retrospective study in a cohort of 1,657 patients over 65 years of age who received care in the geriatric unit of a high complexity hospital in Bogotá, Colombia. The dependent variable was in-hospital complications and the independent variables, the degree of functional dependence on admission, dementia, nutritional status, social support, comorbidity, and polypharmacy. We used Poisson's linear regression model to identify associated variables. Results: The bivariate analysis showed that functional dependence (PR=2.092, p≤0.001) and malnutrition (PR=2.850, p≤0.001) were associated with a higher rate of hospital-acquired infection. In the multivariate analysis, functional dependence (PR=1.931, p=0.003) and malnutrition (PR=2.502, p=0.002) remained independent factors for in-hospital complications. Conclusion: In acute care centers, integral assessment at admission to identify functional dependence and malnutrition predicts in-hospital complications.

Delirium prevalence in a Colombian hospital, association with geriatric syndromes and complications during hospitalization.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this paper is to describe the prevalence of Delirium and the factors associated with its presentation and complications identified in a geriatric unit in Colombia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This is a retrospective observational study that included all patients admitted consecutively for two years in a geriatric unit of a hospital in Bogotá, Colombia. We assessed delirium prevalence with the Confusion Assessment Method (CAM). The independent variables were age, sex, functional impairment (Barthel<90), malnutrition (MNA<12), pressure ulcers at admission, state of the social support network, number of comorbidities, polypharmacy (5 or more drugs), complications such as ICU requirement, hospital stay, in-hospital functional impairment and mortality were also evaluated. As an exclusion criterion: not having CAM registered in the medical record, all the patients had this information. RESULTS: We studied 1599 subjects with a mean age of 86 years (IQR 9). Delirium prevalence was 51.03%. Delirium was associated with a higher rate of: pressure ulcers on admission [OR 3.76 (CI 2.60-5.43 p<0.001)], functional impairment [OR 2.38 (CI 1.79-3.16 p<0.001)], malnutrition [OR 2.06 (CI 1.56-2.73 p<0.001)], and infection [OR 1.46 (CI 1.17-1.82 p<0.001)]. Moreover delirium has a higher association with mortality [OR 2.80 (1.03-7.54 p=0.042)], in-hospital functional decline [OR 1.82 (1.41-2.36 p<0.001)], and longer hospital stay [OR 1.04 (1.04-1.09 p=0.006)]; independently of age, sex, pressure ulcers on admission, functional impairment, malnutrition, dementia, infection and limited social network. CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that infectious diseases and geriatric syndromes such as, functional dependence, pressure ulcers, malnutrition or major cognitive impairment are independently associated with the presence of delirium on admission. Additionally, the presence of delirium is independently associated during hospitalization with complications, longer hospital stay, functional impairment and mortality.

Gait speed as a mediator of the effect of sarcopenia on dependency in activities of daily living.

BACKGROUND: Sarcopenia in older adults is strongly associated with an increase in dependency in activities of daily living (ADL) and with a decline in gait speed. Interestingly, gait speed has been shown to independently predict mortality. In this context, our study aimed to explore the mediator role of gait speed on the relationship between sarcopenia and dependency in ADL. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Colombia, 19 705 older adults with a mean age of 70 years, 55.6% women, 16.1% with sarcopenia, and 14.7% mild, moderate, or severe dependency in ADL, according to 'SABE Survey 2015'. Sarcopenia was assessed by calf circumference and ADL dependence through the Barthel Index. Gait speed was measured over a distance of 3 m. The association between sarcopenia condition and gait speed and dependency level was analysed by linear regression adjusted by covariates. To examine whether gait speed mediated the association between sarcopenia and dependence components of physical function, simple mediation models were generated using ordinary least squares with the macro PROCESS version 3.2, adjusted for age, sex, and body mass index (BMI). RESULTS: Significant differences (P < 0.05) were found in gait speed and dependency in ADL between the sarcopenia and non-sarcopenia groups after adjusting for age, sex, and BMI. BMI was significantly higher in the non-sarcopenia group whereas dependency was significantly higher in the sarcopenia group (19.6% vs. 13.8%). Results from mediation model regression analysis indicated a significant and direct detrimental effect of sarcopenia on dependency in ADL (ß = -0.05; P < 0.001), and a significant indirect effect of gait speed on the direct effect (-0.009 to -0.004). CONCLUSIONS: The negative effect of sarcopenia on functional dependence was mediated by the gait speed. Therefore, gait speed may positively influence the detrimental effect of sarcopenia for dependency, after adjusting for age, gender, and BMI. Consequently, physical exercise should be promoted and focused to circumvent the gait speed decline associated with age in older people with sarcopenia.

Caracterización de pacientes con demencia avanzada hospitalizados por el servicio de geriatría en un hospital de alta complejidad / Characterization of patients with advanced dementia hospitalized in the geriatric unit in a high complexity hospital

RESUMEN OBJETIVO: Describir y analizar las características clínicas, funcionales, nutricionales y sociales de pacientes con demencia avanzada (DA), hospitalizados a cargo del servicio de geriatría del Hospital Universitario San Ignacio (HUSI) y su relación con desenlaces hospitalarios, comparando con demencia no avanzada. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo en pacientes ancianos hospitalizados por el servicio de geriatría del HUSI, con revisión retrospectiva de historias clínicas en el perioro de tiempo entre enero del 2016 y diciembre del 2017. La variable dependiente fue DA. Se realizó análisis univariado, bivariado y multivariado. RESULTADOS: De 1091 pacientes con demencia, 606 tenían diagnóstico de DA. La mediana de edad fue de 86 años y la prevalencia de mujeres fue mayor (57,3 %). En los sujetos con DA, comparados con el grupo de demencia, se encontró mayor porcentaje de malnutrición (91,1 %), úlceras por presión (26,2 %), delirium (67,2 %%), polifarmacia (68,3 %%), estancia hospitalaria (5 días), complicaciones (10,6 %%) y mortalidad (16,9 %%). Se encontró una mayor asociación de malnutrición con DA (OR = 2,80, IC = 1,94-4,06, p < 0,00), así mismo con polifarmacia (OR = 1,41, IC = 1,07-1,86, p = 0,012), delirium (OR = 2,24, IC = 1,72-2,92, p < 0,00), úlceras por presión (OR = 3,75, IC = 2,45-5,73, p < 0,00) y mortalidad (OR = 2,21, IC = 1,42-3,44, p < 0,00). DISCUSIÓN: La avanzada edad de nuestros pacientes puede ser determinante en el alto porcentaje de demencia encontrada. La DA condiciona a mayor compromiso en el curso de diferentes desenlaces hospitalarios como malnutrición, polifarmacia, delirium, úlceras y mortalidad. Lo anterior hace necesaria una valoración geriátrica integral del paciente anciano con demencia para mejorar el curso clínico de la hospitalización.

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: To describe and analyze the clinical characteristics, functionality, nutritional, and social aspects in patients with Advance Dementia (AD), and to hospitalized in the geriatric unit in the Hospital Universitario San Ignacio (HUSI) and it how it is related with hospital outcomes, compare with no advanced dementia. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conduct, in patient hospitalized in the geriatric unit in the HUSI, with a retrospective review of electronic medical charts from January of 2016 to December 2017. The dependent variable was AD, a univariate, bivariate and multivariate analysis was made. RESULTS: 1091 patients had dementia, 606 with AD, the median age was 86 years and the women prevalence were (57.3 %) higher than men. In the AD group, compared with those with dementia, had high percentage of malnutrition (91.1 %%), pressure ulcers (26.2 %%), delirium (67.2 %%), polypharmacy (68.3 %%), longer hospital admission (median of 5 days vs 4 days), medical complication (10.6 %%), and mortality (16.9 %%). We found a higher association with malnutrition with AD (OR = 2.80, CI = 1.94-4.06, p < 0.00), polypharmacy (OR = 1.41, CI = 1.07-1.86, p = 0.012), delirium (OR = 2.24, CI = 1.72-2.92, p < 0.00), pressure ulcers (OR = 3.75, CI = 2.455.73, p < 0.00) and mortality (OR = 2.21,CI = 1.42-3.44, p < 0.00). DISCUSSION: The advance aged in our patients, might be a determinant in the high percentage of dementia that we found. AD is an entity that predispose to higher clinical outcomes as malnutrition, polypharmacy, delirium, pressure ulcers and mortality. As previously shown there is a need for a comprenhensive geriatric assessment in elderly with dementia, to improve hospital outcomes.

Complicaciones intrahospitalarias en ancianos con fractura de cadera: estudio transversal para determinar los factores asociados / In-hospital complications in elderly patients with hip fracture: cross-sectional study to determine the associated factors

Introducción El objetivo del trabajo es determinar cuáles son los factores asociados a la presencia de complicaciones intrahospitalarias en pacientes ancianos con fractura de cadera. Materiales & métodos Estudio retrospectivo, observacional de los pacientes mayores de 65 años ingresados al Hospital Universitario San Ignacio con fractura de cadera en el periodo comprendido entre enero de 2013 y diciembre de 2015. Se realizó la revisión de la historia clínica de cada paciente extrayendo datos demográficos, antecedentes patológicos, síndromes geriátricos, estado de ingreso, datos del procedimiento quirúrgico y la presencia de complicaciones. Posteriormente se procedió a realizar un análisis multivariado para determinar los factores asociados a la presencia de complicaciones intrahospitalarias. Resultados Durante el periodo de recolección se analizaron los datos de 141 pacientes, la edad promedio fue de 80.3 años (DE 7.86), el 62.4% de la muestra eran mujeres y el tiempo de estancia promedio fue de 7.89 días (DE 5.65). Las tres condiciones geriátricas más frecuentes fueron desnutrición, polifarmacia y caídas. El 53% de los pacientes eran independientes para la realización de actividades básicas de la vida diaria (Barthel > 90). Durante el tiempo de estancia hospitalaria el 54.6% de la muestra presentó alguna complicación. La mortalidad registrada en el periodo intrahospitalario fue de 9.9%. Discusión La dependencia funcional, el mayor riesgo anestésico, el requerimiento de oxígeno suplementario durante el postoperatorio y el tiempo de estancia hospitalaria fueron los principales factores independientes para la presencia de complicaciones intrahospitalarias.

Background This study aims to determine the factors associated with the presence of in-hospital complications in elderly patients with hip fracture. Methods A retrospective, observational study of patients older than 65 years admitted to the San Ignacio University Hospital (Bogotá, Colombia) with hip fracture in the period between January 2013 and December 2015. A review of the clinical history of each patient was carried out by extracting demographic data, disease history, geriatric syndromes, status on admission, date of the surgical procedure, and the presence of complications. A multivariate analysis was subsequently performed in order to determine the risk factors associated with the presence of in-hospital complications. Results An analysis was carried out on the data collected from 141 patients. The mean age was 80.3 years (SD 7.86), with 62.4% of the sample being women, and the mean hospital stay was 7.89 days (SD 5.65). The three most frequent geriatric conditions were malnutrition, polypharmacy, and falls, Just over half (53%) of the patients were independent for basic activities of daily living (Barthel> 90). During the hospital stay, 54.6% of the sample had some complication. Mortality in the hospital period was 9.9%. Discussion Functional dependence, increased anaesthetic risk, supplementary oxygen requirement during the post-operative period, and length of hospital stay were independent factors for the presence of in-hospital complications.

Disfagia sarcopénica / Sarcopenic dysphagia

La disfagia sarcopénica es la dificultad deglutoria asociada con la pérdida de masa, fuerza y función muscular generalizada. Su prevalencia aumenta en pacientes ancianos, así como en aquellos con malnutrición o con desuso de la musculatura deglutoria. Está relacionada con desenlaces adversos, como lo son la neumonía aspirativa, la acumulación de residuos en la cavidad orofaríngea luego de la deglución, la peor calidad de vida y los tiempos de estancia hospitalaria prolongados. Se realizó una revisión de la literatura disponible sobre el tema con el fin de proveer una guía para la detección temprana y el manejo de esta entidad clínica, necesarios para una adecuada práctica clínica.

Sarcopenic dysphagia is a swallowing difficulty associated with loss of mass, strength and generalized muscular function. Its prevalence is higher among elderly patients and those with malnutrition or with disuse of the swallowing musculature. It is associated with adverse outcomes such as aspiration pneumonia and accumulation of waste in the oropharyngeal cavity after swallowing as well as with poor quality of life and prolonged hospital stays. A review of the literature available on the subject was done in order to provide a guide for early detection and management of this clinical entity which is needed for clinical practice