The role of fine-needle aspiration biopsy in the diagnosis of malignant tumors.

Cytopathology and histopathology play a key role in the process of diagnosing oncological diseases and premalignant conditions. Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) is one of the techniques used for obtaining biopsy of a wide variety of body tissues, causing patients minimal discomfort. Therefore, it is often considered to be the best strategy for investigating and diagnosing some precancerous or potential malignant lesions. Being successful as a means of confirming the clinical suspicion of metastatic recurrence in the cases of an already known cancer, the interest has further focused on the preliminary diagnosis of various types of benign or malignant tumors. In cases of inoperable tumors, this technique is useful for formulating the final diagnosis. FNA biopsy proved its effectiveness as a highly accurate, cost-effective, and safe technique, with potential high diagnostic yield. Immunohistochemistry, used as an additional tool to classical histopathological examination, remains a very practical and reliable technique that promises good results especially in determining the site of origin within metastatic disease.

Aseptic Necrosis of Femoral Head - Clinical Study.

Femoral head osteonecrosis is a disease characterized by the decrease of blood vascularization in the femoral head, which leads to death of the osteocytes, demineralization and resorption of bone spans, change of trabecular architecture, with the reduction of the bone mechanical resistance and collapse of the articular surface in the femoral head. Left untreated, the disease may have a rapid progression, leading to severe symptoms, with significant articular dysfunction, functional impotence and a serious impact on the patient's quality of life. The prevalence of the disease is ever growing all over the world, affecting mainly people in their 30s, 40s or 50s. In the present study, we analyzed a number of 76 patients with femoral head osteonecrosis with severe symptoms that required a surgical treatment. There was observed that more than ¾ of the investigated patients were males, while 81.58% were younger than 60 years old. Among the identified risk factors, smoking came first, followed by alcohol intake, obesity and chronic administration of corticosteroids. A very high percentage of patients (84.21%) were diagnosed in stages III and IV of the disease.

The importance of the histopathological examination in lethal acute intoxication with ethylene glycol. Case report.

Ethylene glycol is a toxic alcohol that is mainly introduced into an organism through the digestive pathway. Its priority toxic metabolites are glycolic acid and oxalic acid. We present the case of a young person, of the male persuasion, without any personal pathological history, found unconscious and presenting signs of violence. The patient is emergency hospitalized presenting coma, convulsive syndrome, severe metabolic acidosis and a positive result for alcoholism. Anamnestic data is extremely poor. The results of the clinical and paraclinical examinations suggest a possible poisoning with toxic alcohols. Despite the drug treatment and the hemodialysis, the evolution is unfavorable, resulting in death one week after admission. Through the forensic examination, the followings were found: cerebral and leptomeningeal edema, focal cerebral microhemorrhages, bronchopneumonia, septic spleen, shock kidney, hepatic fatty dystrophy, excoriated plaques in the head area. The histopathological (HP) examination confirms the macroscopic diagnosis and identifies the presence of calcium oxalate crystals in the kidney tubules. Subsequently, the toxicological examination of the biological samples taken from the corpse at the forensic examination, confirms the presence of the glycolic acid. Postmortem, the investigation conducted by the criminal investigation authorities confirms the oral ingestion of antifreeze. The absence of a positive history, along with alcohol consumption, nonspecific clinical symptomatology and the absence of calcium oxalate in urine are trap elements in the diagnosis of acute ethylene glycol poisoning. The presence of calcium oxalate in tissues, identified through the HP examination, is an extremely important factor when establishing the cause of death.

Clinical, surgical and morphological assessment of the pyeloureteral syndrome.

Obstruction of the pyeloureteral junction (PUJ) is by far the most common cause of hydronephrosis in children, with an incidence of one in 1000-2000 newborns. Also, the obstruction of the PUJ is the most common cause of prenatal hydronephrosis, accounting for 80% of the cases. The aim of this study is to observe and discuss first the efficacy of described surgery procedures and second the microscopic modifications of the PUJ (abnormalities of smooth muscle tissue, inflammation and fibrosis). One hundred and eleven children with a diverse urological pathology with an average age of 11.57 years were operated between 2011 and 2015 in Urology Clinic of Oradea, Romania. Of these, 20 children (11 boys and nine girls) with congenital hydronephrosis by junction syndrome required surgical correction. The surgical techniques used were Anderson-Hynes dismembered pyeloplasty, non-dismembered Scardino procedure and the Hellström procedure. Operator interventions were performed by subcostal lombotomy with or without partial XII rib resection. The average operator time was between 40 and 50 minutes. None of the patients required blood transfusions. Average hospitalization was seven days. All patients were monitored through the Ambulatory Pediatric and Urological Service. Anderson-Hynes operation is the main procedure to solve the obstructive syndromes of the PUJ. It can be performed without stentings of the ureter as originally described by the author, but also by protecting anastomosis with a urinary diversion, such as JJ catheter, ureteronephrostomy or ureteropyelostomy. Even though clinical and imaging studies are sufficient for diagnose of PUJ syndromes, morphology and histology bring essential data regarding the age of the lesions.