Evaluation of the Chemical Profile and Antioxidant Capacity of Green, Brown, and Dark Propolis.

The chemical composition of propolis varies between different types, due to the specific vegetation found near the hives and the climatic and soil conditions worldwide. Green propolis is exclusive to Brazil, produced by bees, with the resin of the plant Baccharis dracunculifolia. Brown propolis is a specific variety produced mainly in Northeast Brazil from the plant Hyptis divaricata, also known as "maria miraculosa". Dark propolis is a variety of propolis produced by bees from the resin of the plant known as Jurema Preta (Mimosa hostilis benth). In this study, the aqueous extracts of green, brown, and dark propolis were analyzed for their antioxidant capacity using ABTS, FRAP, and DPPH, and their chemical profiles were determined using paper spray mass spectrometry. Among the three extracts, green propolis had the highest content of total phenolic compounds (2741.71 ± 49.53 mg GAE. 100 g-1), followed by brown propolis (1191.55 ± 36.79 mg GAE. 100 g-1), and dark propolis had the lowest content (901.79 ± 27.80 mg GAE. 100 g-1). The three types of propolis showed high antioxidant capacity, with green showing the highest antioxidant capacity for the three methods used. Using paper spray mass spectrometry, it was possible to suggest the presence of 116 substances, including flavonoids (56), phenylpropanoids (30), terpenes (25), carboxylic acids (1), benzoic acid derivatives (1), fatty acids (1), amino acids (1) and alkaloids (1). The compounds in the green, brown, and dark propolis extracts reinforce the bioactive potential for application in these tree extracts' food and pharmaceutical products.

Fracionamento da dieta e o perfil nutricional e de saúde de mulheres / Women's meal frequency and nutritional and health profiles

[{"text": "OBJETIVO: Verificar a associação entre o fracionamento da dieta e o perfil nutricional e de saúde de mulheres de um Serviço de Promoção da Saúde. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com usuárias de uma Academia da Cidade de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais entre agosto de 2009 e dezembro de 2011. Investigaram-se condição sociodemográfica e econômica, perfil de saúde, antro-pometria e hábitos alimentares. O fracionamento dietético foi obtido pelo número diário de refeições autor-referido, sendo classificado como adequado quando >5. Realizou-se regressão de Poisson com variância robusta ao nível de significância de 5% (p<0,05). RESULTADOS: Avaliaram-se 342 usuárias, 72,5% adultas, 50,6 (±13,7) anos, com renda per capita de R$500,00 (85,0; 4.666,7). Constatou-se mediana de 4 (1,0; 7,0) refeições ao dia e 52,0% de fracionamento inadequado da dieta, que foi mais frequente entre as mulheres que referiram hipertensão arterial (RP: 0,71; IC95%: 0,56; 0,90; p=0,005) e constipação intestinal (RP: 0,77; IC95%: 0,61; 0,98; p=0,040). Esse hábito também teve maior ocorrência naquelas que apresentaram inadequação para ingestão de água (RP: 0,74; IC95%: 0,59; 0,93; p=0,009) e de açúcar (RP: 0,79; IC95%: 0,63; 0,98). Apresentar consumo inadequado de frutas (RP: 0,79; IC95%: 0,63; 0,98; p=0,036) e de hortaliças (RP: 0,74; IC95%: 0,59; 0,94; p=0,012) e preferência por leite integral (RP: 0,72; IC95%: 0,57; 0,89; p=0,003) também se associou diretamente ao fracionamento inadequado da dieta. CONCLUSÃO: O insuficiente número diário de refeições se associou a um pior perfil nutricional e de saúde, denotando a importância da intervenção nutricional nesse aspecto. .", "_i": "pt"}, {"text": "OBJECTIVE: To verify whether meal frequency is associated with the nutritional and health profiles of women attending a health-promoting service. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included users of an Academia da Cidade in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais from August 2009 to December 2011. The following were collected: socioeconomic, demographic, health profile, anthropometric, and dietary data. Meal frequency was given by the self-reported number of daily meals and considered appropriate when >5. Poisson regression with a robust variance was performed with a significance level of 5% (p<0.05). RESULTS: The sample consisted of 342 females with a mean age of 50.6±13.7 years and a per capita income of R$ 500.0 (85.0; 4,666.7); 72.5% were adults. They had a median of 4 (1.0; 7.0) meals per day and 52.0% had fewer than five meals a day. Inadequate meal frequency was associated with high blood pressure (PR: 0.71; 95%CI: 0.56, 0.90; p=0.005) and constipation (PR: 0.77; 95%CI: 0.61, 0.98; p=0.040); inappropriate intakes of water (PR: 0.74; 95%CI: 0.59, 0.93; p=0.009), sugar (PR: 0.79; 95%CI: 0.63, 0.98; p=0,036), fruits (PR: 0.79; 95%CI: 0.63, 0.98; p=0.036), and non-starchy vegetables (PR: 0.74; 95%CI: 0.59, 0.94; p=0.012); and preference for whole milk (PR: 0.72; 95%CI: 0.57, 0.89; p=0.003). CONCLUSION: Inadequate daily meal frequency was associated with worse nutritional and health profiles, highlighting the importance of pertinent nutrition intervention. .", "_i": "en"}]