Effects of chemotherapy treatment on muscle strength indicators, functional capacity and biopsychosocial aspects of women with breast cancer.

Evidences on the effects of chemotherapy treatment cycles on measures of muscle, mental state, social and cognitive performance are scarce. The objective of this study was to analyze the effects of chemotherapy cycles on muscle strength and activation, functional capacity, quality of life, fatigue and anxiety of women with breast cancer. Therefore, twenty-two women divided into a treatment group (n = 10; 46.6 ± 9.6 years) and control group (n = 12; 51.6 ± 7.0 years) participated in the study. Analysis of muscle performance, quality of life, fatigue and anxiety after the 2nd and 4th cycle of chemotherapy with anthracyclines were performed in women with breast cancer (TRA) and compared to healthy women (CTR). Two-way ANOVA was used to compare the variance of the means and the significance level was set as P≤0.05. The results showed Differences in the muscular activation of the vastus mediallis between the groups at post time (P = 0.038), as well as in the sit and stand test in the baseline (P<0.001) and post moment (P<0.001). Functional capacity performance was different between baseline (P<0.001) and post-time (P<0.001) groups. Additionally, the TRA group worsened the quality of life in the domains of functional capacity (P<0.001) and limitation of physical aspects (P = 0.002), besides presenting negative changes in fatigue. Thus, anthracycline chemotherapy cycles reduce muscular performance and affect biopsychosocial variables in women with breast cancer.

Comparison of nutritional status and growth curves of children and adolescents in the city of Goiânia, Goiás: cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Nutritional status and growth curves can affect cognitive development, increase the risk of infection, and contribute to the development of chronic diseases. Its etiology is related to food, socioeconomic, and maternal conditions. However, to date, no data on these parameters exist in the state of Goiás, Brazil. OBJECTIVE: To compare the nutritional status and growth curves of children and adolescents in the city of Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil. DESIGN AND SETTING: This was a cross-sectional study. A total of 529 individuals were recruited from a primary health center in the municipality. METHODS: To assess nutritional status, the sample was divided into three categories: 3-4, 5-10, and 11-19 years, with z-score classification considering body mass index for age. The classification of growth curves was performed considering the median height values for age, assuming two references: (a) young Brazilian population and (b) one recommended for international use. The independent sample T-test was used to compare anthropometric variables. RESULTS: The results showed that the classification of eutrophics represents a predominant percentage between both sexes (men: 03-04 = 55.4%; 05-10 = 57.6%; 11-19 = 53.5 % and women: 03-04 = 53.5%; 05-10 = 63.9%; 11-19 = 56.9%), and growth curves showed differences in specific periods in both sexes. CONCLUSIONS: It can be concluded that children and adolescents from the city of Goiânia present as predominance the eutrophic nutritional status, followed by the risk of overweight, underweight, obesity, and malnutrition of both sexes.

Reliability and Agreement of the 10-Repetition Maximum Test in Breast Cancer Survivors.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability and agreement between the test and retest of the 10-repetition maximum (10-RM) test for leg press and bench press in breast cancer survivors (BCS). Thirty-one BCS participated in this study, age 54.87 ± 5.7 years. All performed 10-RM tests and retests for the leg press 45° and the bench press. For reliability analyses, an intraclass coefficient correlation (ICC) and coefficient of variation (CV) were performed. The limits of agreement were calculated using a Bland-Altman plot with 95% CIs. For absolute and relative error of measurement, we used standard error of measurement and minimally detectable change. The result showed a high reliability for the bench press and leg press; ICC of 0.94 and 0.98, respectively. CV was <10% for both exercises. The systematic error were 1.5 kg (10%) and 6.1 (8%) for the bench press and leg press, respectively. The standard errors of measurements were 0.96 kg (6.08%) and 4.11 kg (5.27%) for the bench press and leg press, respectively. The minimally detectable changes were 2.72 kg (17.20%) and 5.62 kg (7.21%) for the bench press and leg press, respectively. In breast cancer survivors, the muscular strength measurement for the 10-RM test showed a high to very high rate of reliability and agreement, with acceptable error of measurement.

Once a Week Resistance Training Improves Muscular Strength in Breast Cancer Survivors: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Exercise has been shown to reduce adverse outcomes related to breast cancer. However, the rate of adherence to physical exercise is very low among breast cancer survivors (BCS). This study investigated the effects of high supervision ratio resistance training (RT), once a week for 8 weeks, on changes in body composition and muscular strength in BCS. Methods: Twenty-five female BCS undergoing hormone therapy were randomized into resistance training group (TG, n = 12) or control (CG, n = 13) group. The TG performed 8 weeks of supervised RT, with 1 trainer per volunteer, once a week. Body composition was evaluated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and muscle strength was evaluated by 10 repetition maximum (10 RM) for leg press (45°) and bench press exercises. A 1-way analysis of variance was used to compare within-group effects at pre- and post-intervention. An analysis of covariance test was used to compare post-intervention values, using pre-intervention measures as covariates. The effect size (ES) was calculated by Cohen's d. Results: The TG improved muscle strength in 10 RM leg press (45°; Δ 33.75 ± 11.51 kg, P = .02; ES = 0.96) and bench press (Δ 4.08 ± 1.83 kg, P = .01; ES = 1.15). Adherence to training was more than 99%. Changes in body composition were not detected. There were no changes in the CG for any assessment. Conclusion: Once-weekly supervised RT could be an alternative to increase the adherence to exercise and improve muscular strength in BCS.

Cancer-Related Fatigue and Muscle Quality in Hodgkin's Lymphoma Survivors.

The purpose of this study was to compare fatigue, strength, body composition, muscle thickness, and muscle quality between Hodgkin's lymphoma survivors (HLS) and apparently healthy subjects matched by age, gender, and physical activity levels (CON). Twelve HLS (32.16 ± 8.06) and 36 CON (32.42 ± 7.64) were enrolled in the study. Fatigue was assessed using the 20-item Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory, muscle strength using an isokinetic dynamometer, body composition using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and thickness and muscle quality using B-mode ultrasound. Differences between HLS and CON were analyzed using independent samples t tests. No significant differences were observed between groups for any demographic characteristics: age ( P = .922), weight ( P = .943), height ( P = .511), body mass index ( P = .796), fat mass ( P = .688), fat-free mass ( P = .520), and percent body fat ( P = .446). No significant differences were observed for strength (peak torque; P = .552), relative peak torque ( P = .200), muscle thickness ( P > .05) and muscle quality ( P > .05). However, self-perceived fatigue was significantly higher in HLS than in CON ( P = .009). It appears that when HLS are matched by age and physical activity levels to CON, no significant difference in body composition, muscle thickness, muscle quality, or strength is observed. Self-perceived fatigue, as predicted, is higher in HLS, which may have implications and should be considered when prescribing exercise training to this cancer population.

Chronic Effects of Resistance Training in Breast Cancer Survivors.

Objective. To analyse effects of resistance training (RT) in breast cancer survivors (BCS) and how protocols and acute variables were manipulated. Methods. Search was made at PubMed, Science Direct, and LILACS. All articles published between 2000 and 2016 were considered. Studies that met the following criteria were included: written in English, Spanish, or Portuguese; BCS who have undergone surgery, chemotherapy, and/or radiotherapy; additional RT only; analysis of muscle performance, body mass composition (BMC), psychosocial parameters, or blood biomarkers. Results. Ten studies were included. PEDro score ranged from 5 to 9. Rest interval and cadence were not reported. Two studies reported continuous training supervision. All reported improvements in muscle strength, most with low or moderate effect size (ES), but studies performed with high loads presented large ES. Five described no increased risk or exacerbation of lymphedema. Most studies that analysed BMC showed no relevant changes. Conclusions. RT has been shown to be safe for BCS, with no increased risk of lymphedema. The findings indicated that RT is efficient in increasing muscle strength; however, only one study observed significant changes in BMC. An exercise program should therefore consider the manipulation of acute and chronic variables of RT to obtain optimal results.

Em pauta a produção do Grupo de Trabalho Temático Atividade Física e Saúde do Colégio Brasileiro de Ciências do Esporte (1997-2011) / To the agenda the production of Thematic Working Group Physical Activity and Health of the Brazilian College of Sport Science (1997-2011) / La producción del Grupo de Trabajo Temático Actividad Física y Salud del Colegio Brasileño de Ciencias del Deporte (1997-2011) en cuestión

Resumo Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo mapear a produção científica do Grupo de Trabalho Temático (GTT) Atividade Física e Saúde publicada nos Anais dos Congressos Brasileiros de Ciências do Esporte (Conbrace) de 1997 a 2011, com vistas a refletir sobre indicadores epistemológicos. A partir da análise de conteúdo feita destaca-se a pluralidade de estudos sobre saúde em diferentes abordagens científicas, de acordo com cada biênio, tendo um acréscimo dos estudos relacionados às humanidades, principalmente a partir de 2007. Aponta-se a necessidade de uma política científica e de produção do conhecimento em educação física que valorize pesquisas sobre o SUS, tanto por meio do CBCE quanto pelas instituições de ensino superior.

Abstract This research aims to map the scientific production of the Thematic Working Group (GTT) Physical Activity and Health published in the Annals of the Brazilian Sports Sciences (CONBRACE) from 1997 to 2011, in order to reflect on epistemological indicators. From the content analysis performed highlights the plurality of health studies in different scientific approaches, according to every two years, with an increase of studies related to the humanities, especially from 2007. Points up the need for a policy and scientific knowledge production in Physical Education that values research on the SUS, both through CBCE, as by higher education institutions.

Resumen Esta investigación tiene como objetivo organizar la producción científica del Grupo de Trabajo Temático (GTT) Actividad Física y Salud publicado en los Anales de Ciencias del Deporte de Brasil (CONBRACE) de 1997-2011 con el fin de reflexionar sobre el indicador epistemológico. A partir del análisis de contenido realizado se pone de manifiesto la pluralidad de los estudios de salud en los diferentes enfoques científicos, cada dos años, con un incremento de estudios relacionados con las humanidades, especialmente a partir de 2007. Señala la necesidad de una política y la producción de conocimiento científico en educación física que valoren la investigación en el SUS, tanto a través del CBCE como de las instituciones de educación superior.

Qual a contribuição das características antropométricas na velocidade de corrida de curta distância? / What is the contribution of anthropometric characteristics on sprint run? / Qué es la contribución la características antropométricas en la carrera de velocidad

O estudo buscou avaliar os efeitos das características antropométricas na velocidade de corrida. Foram avaliados a estatura, massa corporal (MC), índice de massa corporal (IMC), dobra cutânea panturrilha (DCpa), comprimento da tíbia (Ctíbia) e velocidade da corrida (50m) de 235 estudantes. A análise de regressão múltipla explicou 62% do desempenho na corrida (p<0,05). A análise de regressão linear simples mostrou que a DCpa correspondeu a 45%, estatura 33%, Ctíbia 24% e MC 3%, do desempenho na corrida (p<0,05). A análise de cluster mostrou que o grupo de baixa velocidade apresentava maior MC, IMC e DCpa (p<0,05), e o grupo de alta velocidade apresentava maior estatura, Ctíbia e menor DCpa (p<0,05). Conclui-se que as medidas antropométricas podem predizer o desempenho da corrida.

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of anthropometric characteristics on sprint. It was measured the height, body mass (BM), body mass index (BMI), calf skin fold (CKF), tibia's length (TL) and running velocity (50m) of 235 students. The multiple regression explain 62% of 50 m running performance (p<0.05). The simple linear regression showed that CKF represented 45%, height 33%, TL 24%, and BM 3% of 50m running performance (p<0.05). The cluster analyze showed that the low velocity group presented highest BM, BMI and CKF (p< 0,05), while the high velocity group presented the highest stature, TL and the lowest CKF (p< 0,05). The results suggest that anthropometric variables used in the current study can significantly predict the 50 m sprint in young people.

El estudio trata de evaluar los efectos de las características antropométricas en la carrera de velocidad. Fue evaluado la altura, masa corporal (MC), índice de masa corporal (IMC), pliegue cutáneo del pantorrilla (DCpa), longitud de la tibia (Ctíbia) y la carrera de velocidad (50m) de 235 estudiantes. El analisis de regresión múltiple explica el 62% del rendimiento en la carrera (p <0,05). El análisis de regresión lineal simple mostró que correspondía a 45% DCpa, 33% altura, 24% Ctíbia y 3% MC, el rendimiento en la carrera (p <0,05). El análisis de conglomerados mostró que el grupo de baja velocidad tuvo un mayor MC, DCpa y el IMC (p <0,05), y el grupo de alta velocidad mostró una mayor altura, Ctíbia, e inferior DCpa (p <0,05). Se concluye que las medidas antropométricas puede predecir el rendimiento de la carrera.

Análise das capacidades físicas em crianças dos sete aos dez anos de idade / Analysis of physical performance in children of seven to ten years old

Capacidade física é o termo utilizado para agrupar as capacidades força, velocidade, resistência, flexibilidade e coordenação. O desempenho físico de crianças é preocupação permanente entre os especialistas da área da saúde. Esse interesse justifica-se já que a atividade física desempenha importante papel na prevenção de doenças e melhoria da capacidade funcional. O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar as capacidades físicas em crianças de ambos os sexos. Após consentimento por escrito dos pais, participaram do estudo 232 crianças de ambos os sexos entre as idades de sete e 10 anos. A capacidade física foi avaliada utilizando-se os testes de sentar e alcançar, resistência abdominal, salto horizontal e corrida de 30 metros. Foi utilizado ANOVA two way e post hoc de Tukey para comparação das variáveis entre as idades e o sexo. O nível de significância foi de 5%. A flexibilidade não foi modificada pela idade e sexo. O salto horizontal e o número de abdominais foram maiores nos meninos comparados às meninas e nas idades de 10, nove e oito anos comparados a idade de sete anos. O tempo para percorrer 30 m foi menor nos meninos comparado às meninas, sendo que a idade de 10 anos apresentou valores menores comparado as demais idades e as idades de nove e oito anos demonstraram menores valores comparado a idade de sete anos. De modo geral, os meninos apresentam melhor desempenho físico comparado às meninas na faixa etária avaliada. A idade de sete anos parece representar um período de transição no desempenho físico.

Physical performance is the term used to group strength, speed, endurance, flexibility and coordination capacities. The physical performance in the children is concern among experts in the field of health. This interest justified because physical activity can prevent illness and increase functional capacity. The aim of present study was assessment physical capacity in children of both sex, boys and girls. After consent of parents, concerns of study 232 children among seven and 10 years-old of both sexes. The performance motor was assessment using sit-and-reach, horizontal jump, abdominal endurance and 30 meters tests run. ANOVA Two-way and Tukey post hoc was used to compared variables among sex and ages. The significant level was 5%. Flexibility did not differ among ages and sex. The horizontal jump distance and abdominals number were higher in male group compared to the female group and eight, nine and 10 years-old were higher compared to seven years-old. The abdominals number was higher in male group compared to female group and eight, nine and 10 years-old are higher compared to seven years-old. The time to going 30 meters was small in the male group compared to female group and running time was small in the 10 years-old compared to other ages and the nine and eight years-old was small than seven years-old. In general, the boys presented better performance than girls in the ages assessment. The age seven years-old apparent represented a period of transition in the physical performance.

Estudo da prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade em estudantes do ensino médio da cidade de Guarulhos / Study on the prevalence of over weight and obesity in students of high schools in Guarulhos, SP

A obesidade é vista como um risco à saúde e um fator de discriminaçäo prejudicial ao convívio social e profissional. O objetivo do estudo foi determinar a prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade em estudantes do ensino médio, em uma escola pública e outra particular do Município de Guarulhos, SP em 2002. Participaram 421 alunos, com idades entre 14, 15, 16 e 17 anos. Na escola pública foram analisados 286 alunos e na particular, 135. Realizaram-se as medidas de massa corporal, estatura corporal e as dobras cutâneas tricipital e subescapular, seguindo as recomendaçöes de HARRISON e col. (1988). Para classificar sobrepeso adotou-se como referência os valores de corte do índice de massa corporal (kg/m2) sugeridos por HIMES e DIEZ (1994), ajustados por sexo e idade; para classificar a obesidade foi adotado como referência os valores de corte do somatório das espessuras das dobras cutâneas tricipital e subescapular sugeridos por LOHMAN (1989) ajustados por sexo e idade. A análise estatística mostrou näo existirem diferenças significativas entre a prevalência de sobrepeso em relaçäo aos alunos da escola pública e particular (p = 0,922). Näo encontramos diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre as escolas (0,734). A análise das horas despendidas assistindo televisäo, vídeo game e computador, mostra que os alunos da escola pública passam mais tempo realizando estas atividades, cujo caráter é eminentemente sedentário. O p-valor das escolas (pública=0,434; particular=0,928) demonstrou näo existir diferenças significativas entre os níveis de sobrepeso e o total de horas dedicadas nestas atividades; idem para valores de p relativos à obesidade. O número de horas semanais dedicadas à prática de atividade física fora do horário escolar entre os alunos da escola particular é maior do que entre os alunos da escola pública. Näo se constatou associaçäo entre este fato e o sobrepeso. Justifica-se a ausência de diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre as variáveis analisadas, pelo fato de que alguns alunos aparentemente obesos, näo aderiram ao estudo. Isto indica que o aumento da prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade parece estar muito mais relacionado a um processo multifatorial, envolvendo fatores genéticos, metabólicos e ambientais, do que a análises isoladas. Säo necessários novos estudos analisando as variáveis sobrepeso e obesidade, horas assistidas de televisäo, vídeo game, computador e nível de atividade física de adolescentes