A Paradigm Shift in Osteonecrosis Treatment with Bisphosphonates: A 20-Year Study.

BACKGROUND: Bisphosphonates are proven to be effective in obviating the need for surgical intervention in osteonecrosis of the femoral head. However, the late onset of pain relief hampers compliance. We present the clinical and radiographic outcome of a combination therapy compared with alendronate-only therapy for the management of osteonecrosis of the femoral head. METHODS: The data of patients diagnosed with osteonecrosis of the femoral head from January 2001 to January 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. The first group, the alendronate treatment group, comprised 432 hips (358 patients) diagnosed from January 2001 to January 2009 and treated with 10-mg oral alendronate daily for 3 years. The second group, the combination treatment group, comprised 442 hips (386 patients) diagnosed from February 2009 to January 2017 and treated with a combination therapy of 35-mg oral alendronate twice weekly and 5-mg intravenous zoledronic acid once annually for 3 years. Clinical assessment was performed using the Harris hip score, the visual analog scale (VAS) pain score, and the clinical failure rate. Radiographic assessment was performed for progression and collapse. RESULTS: In the alendronate treatment group, at a mean follow-up of 129.6 months (range, 60 to 220 months), 74.5% did not require a surgical procedure, and, in the combination treatment group, at a mean follow-up of 69 months (range, 37 to 105 months), 88.9% did not require a surgical procedure. The clinical failure rate at 3 years was 4% for stage I, 11% for stage II, and 29% for stage III in the alendronate treatment group, and it was 5% for stage I, 9% for stage II, and 32% for stage III in the combination treatment group. Patients in the combination treatment group had a significantly better improvement in VAS score at 6 weeks (from 7.10 to 3.66) compared with patients in the alendronate treatment group (from 7.93 to 7.00). CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows that both oral alendronate-only therapy and bisphosphonate combination therapy retard the progression of disease, reduce the rate of collapse, and, hence, reduce the need for joint replacement surgery. However, bisphosphonate combination therapy offers earlier improvement in pain and functional scores compared with oral alendronate therapy only. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

Predictive factors affecting long-term survivorship of ASR metal-on-metal total hip arthroplasty.

INTRODUCTION: We present the outcome of 154 ASR (Articular Surface Replacement) hips performed at the P.D Hinduja Hospital and Medical Research Centre in terms of revision rate, metal ion levels, and factors affecting survivorship. Further, determined the importance of serial metal ion estimation over single value with poorly functioning arthroplasties. METHODS: A retrospective study of 154 ASR arthroplasties (136 patients) performed from April 2005 till March 2010 was conducted. Ninety-seven patients were available for final analysis. All patients were assessed for symptoms, radiographs, blood metal (chromium and cobalt), metal artefact reduction sequence (MARS), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and computerized tomography (CT). RESULTS: Female gender, smaller femoral head, patients with a rising level of metal ion levels were more likely to have revision surgery. However, abnormal acetabular inclination/anteversion was not associated with the occurrence of raised metal ion levels, ARMD (adverse reaction to metal debris) or revision surgery. Patients with raised metal ion levels were more likely to have periprosthetic lucency, ARMD, and revision surgery. Median metal levels increased initially for the first three years. Still, patients who required revision surgery continued to have a metal ion rise until the point when revision surgery was performed. In contrast, patients who had a fall in metal ion levels did not require revision. CONCLUSION: A single metal ion value is less predictive of failing arthroplasties; instead, a rising trend of metal ion levels can better delineate arthroplasties which will require revision. ASR hips whose blood ion levels fell after an initial rise and showed a declining trend did well.

Dual mobility THR: Resolving instability and providing near normal range of movement.

BACKGROUND: Dislocation is a common complication of Total Hip Replacement (THR), particularly when performed in primary (indications with increased risk of instability) and in revision scenarios. Dual mobility THR (DMTHR) minimizes the risk of instability in such scenarios, however most of the evidence is from western literature. Results of DMTHR in Indian scenarios where patient want to go back to their normal routine activities of squatting and sitting cross-legged is lacking. The aim of our study was to evaluate the short to mid-term results of DMTHR for varied indications (both primary and revision) in Indian scenario. To evaluate the outcome of the DMTHR in terms of functional range of motion and the ability to go back to their pre-injury level of activity. METHODS: This is a retrospective study of 150 patients operated with DMTHR between January 2015 to February 2019 with a minimum follow-up of 12 months. Patients were evaluated clinically using Modified Harris Hip Score (HHS), Range of Motion (ROM), and Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROM) like ability to squat and sit cross legged. Radiological evaluation was done using radiographs to assess loosening, stress shielding, osteolysis. RESULTS: Mean follow up in our study was 25.2 months (Range 12-46 months). Mean Modified HHS was 71.8 ± 8.11 at 6 weeks post-op and 85.8 ± 7.62 at last follow-up. HHS showed excellent outcome in 36 hips (26.7%), good outcome in 76 hips (56.7%), fair outcome in 20 hips (14.6%), poor outcome in 3 hips (2%). All our patients were allowed to squat and sit cross-legged at a mean follow-up period of 13 weeks (8 weeks-20 weeks) except 10 cases of Revision THR where patients were advised not to squat or sit cross-legged. All patients were able to resume their activities of daily living. CONCLUSION: DMTHR in patients of all ages has shown a good short to midterm clinical outcome which is comparable to conventional THR. It confers the benefit of stability allowing our patients to squat and sit cross legged which is often one of the expectation and requirement of a patient undergoing THR in India. DMTHR in both primary and revision scenarios exhibit a low risk of dislocation, complications and revision surgery.

Repurposing denosumab for recalcitrant bone healing.

Fracture healing has four phases: haematoma formation, soft callus, hard callus and remodelling. Often, non-healing fractures have an arrest of one of these phases, which need resurgery. We have repurposed denosumab for impaired fracture healing cases to avoid surgical intervention. Here, we report a series of three cases of impaired fracture healing where denosumab was given 120 mg subcutaneous dosages for 3 months to enhance healing. All the three cases have shown complete bone union at a mean follow-up of 6.7 months (5-9 months) as assessed clinically and radiologically, and have observed no adverse effect of the therapy. Denosumab given in this dose aids fracture healing by increasing callus volume, density and bridges the fracture gap in recalcitrant fracture healing cases where the callus fails to consolidate.

Is obesity A contra-indication for a successful total knee arthroplasty?

BACKGROUND: Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA) is one of the most effective treatment modalities for chronic knee pain and disability. A strong association exists between obesity and early knee osteoarthritis. Various studies on outcomes of TKA in obese patients have been inconclusive. The purpose of this retrospective evaluation is to assess the influence of obesity on outcomes of TKA in Indian patients. METHODS: This retrospective study conducted from 2010 to 2016 included 402 knees in 213 patients with Body Mass Index (BMI) between 30 and 39.99 kg/m2 followed up for a minimum of 12 months. All cases of revision TKAs and those with follow up less than a year were excluded from the study. Patients were followed up regularly for examining their wound healing, post operative complications if any and knee range of motion. Regular radiographs were taken to observe any evidence of loosening. Post-operative knee society scores(KSS) were recorded at each follow up. Improvement in the scores and activity level was noted. RESULTS: The objective KSS improved from 55.88 to 93.01 at the last follow up while the functional scores improved from 52.91 to 80.63. Post surgery improvement in activity level was seen in 71.83% patients. Complications seen in the study included patello-femoral pain, superficial wound infections, deep vein thrombosis and delayed wound healing. No cases of deep infection or revision surgeries were seen in our series. CONCLUSIONS: The outcome of TKA in non-morbidly obese patients is comparable to non-obese patients with excellent post-operative objective and functional scores. The benefits are sustainable over a long duration of time. The complication rates in obese patients is no different than non-obese patients.

Intra- operative fractures in primary Total Knee Arthroplasty.

BACKGROUND: Intraoperative fracture during primary Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA) is very rare and there is little literature available which has defined the possible reasons for the occurrence of these fractures. Further, no study till date has defined the various management options available to treat these fractures. This study aims to define (1) the possible reasons for different fracture patterns occurring intraoperatively, (2) the ideal management options for each type of fracture geometry, (3) whether this intraoperative complication affects the physiotherapy protocol and long term outcomes. METHODS: Out of 3168 primary TKA done between 2010 and 2017, 19 patients developed intraoperative fracture, whose data was evaluated retrospectively. Patients were assessed radiologically to determine the time to union and clinical outcomes were assessed using Knee Society Score. RESULTS: Out of the 19 intraoperative fractures, 19 were in Tibia and 4 in Femur. Majority of fractures occurred during cementing and final implantation (8 cases), followed by exposure and bone preparation (6 cases) and the least during trialing (4 cases). Out of 15 Tibia fracture, 9 fractures involved the Tibial cortex which were managed with screws (4 cases), sutures and bone cement (5 cases). Stemmed tibial component was used for all Plateau type fracture patterns (6 cases). Out of 4 distal femur fractures, condylar type fracture pattern were fixed with plates and screws (3 cases) and epicondyle avulsion with screws alone (1 case). All the cases showed union (average union time 8.9 weeks) and good KSS scores which remained till their last follow-up. None of the patient developed any other complications or required revision surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Intraoperative fracture during TKA, although rare but a significant complication which can affect the outcome, if not managed properly. We have shown methods of management for such cases, which have given excellent results.

Bisphosphonate combination therapy for non-femoral avascular necrosis.

BACKGROUND: Avascular necrosis at sites other than femoral head (AVNOFH)/Non-Femoral AVN is a rare entity. No standard of treatment still exists for treating early stages of AVNOFH with most of the cases eventually progressing to a late arthritic stage needing surgical intervention. Bisphosphonates have been shown to prevent disease progression, bone collapse, and the requirement for surgery in avascular necrosis of femoral head. The present study is conducted to evaluate the response of bisphosphonates in the non-surgical management of the early stages of AVNOFH. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Prospectively collected data of 20 patients diagnosed with an early stage of AVNOFH and treated with the combination of oral alendronate 70 mg weekly and intravenous zolendronic acid (ZA) for 1 year, between Jan 2009 to Dec 2015, was evaluated retrospectively. Clinical evaluation was done using the visual analogue scale (VAS), mean analgesic requirement, and range of motion. Radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were taken to classify the stage of AVN, monitor radiological collapse, and evaluate radiological progression and bone marrow edema changes. RESULTS: In our analysis of 18 patients (2 lost to follow-up), 5 patients had AVN of the humeral head, 4 patients of the talus, 3 of the lunate, and 2 each of the scaphoid, medial tibial plateau, and second metatarsal head. Pain relief with the drop in VAS score was seen at a mean duration of 4.3 weeks (range 3-13 weeks) after the start of therapy. A 50% reduction in mean analgesic requirement was achieved in the first 6 weeks (2-11 weeks). MRI showed complete resolution of BME in 13 patients at 6 months and in 17 patients (94.4%) at 1 year. Radiological collapse was seen in 6 out of 18 patients at a mean follow-up of 35.3 months (range 14-56 months). Only one out of 18 patients enrolled required surgery. CONCLUSION: A combination of oral alendronate and intravenous zolendronic acid provides a pragmatic solution to this rare entity of AVNOFH, where no standard treatment exists.

Mid-term results of an uncemented tapered femoral stem and various factors affecting survivorship.

OBJECTIVE: CLS stem is commonly used today in primary hip arthroplasty, but only a few studies have evaluated their outcome in young high demanding patients. In Indian scenario, many patients require squatting and sitting cross-legged as part of their daily activities placing excessive load on the joint. We evaluated (I) Mid-long term functional and radiological results (II) Influence of age, gender, diagnosis, stem alignment, Canal fill index (CFI) on the outcome (III) Kaplan-Meier survivorship using revision for any reason or for aseptic loosening as an endpoint. METHODS: Retrospective evaluation of 64 THA in 54 patients operated between July 2000 to July 2011 using CLS stem was done. Mean follow-up was 10.3 years (5-14.9 years) with 5 patients lost to follow-up and 4 patients died. Mean age at surgery was 46.8 years (18-78 years). RESULTS: Mean Harris hip score was 89.4 (72-100). Thigh pain was present in 4 hips which were not associated with the sizing of the stem (p = .489). Stable fixation by bony ingrowth was seen in 53 hips (96.4%) and by fibrous ingrowth in 2 cases (3.6%) with no case of loosening seen. Stress shielding was seen as Grade II in 17 hips (30.9%), Grade III in 3 hips (5.4%). Pedestal formation was seen in 9 hips (16.4%) which were statistically associated with varus alignment and CFI < 80. No stem revision was performed with stem survivorship of 100%. CONCLUSION: The mid-term survival rates and good clinical-radiological outcomes of CLS stem in high demanding Indian population were excellent.

Concealed cosmetic closure in total knee replacement surgery - A prospective audit assessing appearance and patient satisfaction.

OBJECTIVE: With the trend towards accelerated rehabilitation, the method of skin closure has become increasingly important in orthopedic surgery. It is imperative to evaluate a technique that provides superior clinical and cosmetic results specifically for TKA, due to relatively thin skin anterior to the knee making poor wound healing an issue of concern. We conducted a prospective, single-arm audit evaluating the patient assessments of incision cosmesis for a novel technique in TKA wound closure called Concealed Cosmetic Closure (CCC). METHODS: 570 knees were included in the study whose wound was closed with concealed cosmetic subcuticular interrupted sutures (CCCIS) between January 2014 and May 2016. A validated, ordinal questionnaire, Stony Brooks Scar Evaluation Scale (SBSES) designed to elicit a score evaluating scar satisfaction was interviewed by the investigators to patients 6 months to 3 years postoperatively. RESULTS: CCC is a simple and relatively rapid single-operator technique that takes about 7-10 min to close 11-17 cm knee incision. In our study, the mean score for Stony Brook Scar Evaluation Scale (SBSES) was 4.4 (SD of 0.73) (range 3-5). The scar was rated highly in terms of cosmesis, patient satisfaction and appearance of the wound. CONCLUSION: CCC is an effective modality for skin closure in total knee arthroplasty providing superior cosmetic healing with minimal complications leading to improved long term patient satisfaction.

Floating knee an Uncommon Injury: Analysis of 12 Cases / Joelho flutuante, uma lesão incomum: análise de 12 casos

Abstract Objective Floating knee injuries are complex injuries and are usually caused by highvelocity trauma. These injuries are often associated with life treating injuries, which should take precedent over extremity injuries. The authors reviewed the outcomes of floating knee injuries managed in this institute from 2003 to 2015. Method A retrospective study was conducted of all patients with floating knee injuries from2003 to 2015. Twelve patients were included in the study. Data related to fracture type, associated injuries, treatmentmodalities, and complications were noted. Functional assessment was performed using themodified Karlstromand Olerud criteria after complete bony union. Result The mechanism of injury was motor vehicle accident in all patients. The mean follow up was four years. The mean age of patients was 34.75 year. The mean union time was 6.5 months in femurs and 6.7 month in tibias. The complications were knee stiffness, delayed union, and infection. According to modified Karlstrom criteria, there were three - excellent, five - good, three - fair, and one poor result. Conclusion Floating knee injuries are severe injuries and are usually associated withmultiorgan injuries. Early detection and appropriate management of associated injuries, early fixation of fractures, and postoperative rehabilitation are needed for good outcome. Complications are frequent, in the form of delayed union, knee stiffness, and infection.

Resumo Objetivo As lesões do tipo joelho flutuante (FKIs, na sigla em inglês) são complexas e são geralmente causadas por trauma de alta velocidade. Estas lesões são frequentemente associadas a lesões que causamrisco demorte, que devemter precedente sobre lesões nas extremidades. Os autores revisaram os resultados das lesões do tipo joelho flutuante tratadas nesta instituição entre 2003 e 2015. Método Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo de todos os pacientes com FKIs de 2003 a 2015. Doze pacientes foram incluídos no estudo. Os dados relacionados ao tipo de fratura, lesões associadas, modalidades de tratamento e complicações foram observados. A avaliação funcional foi realizada utilizando os critérios de Karlstrom modificados após a união óssea completa. Resultados Omecanismo de lesão foi acidente automobilísticoemtodos os pacientes.O acompanhamentomédio foi de 4 anos.Amédia de idade dos pacientes foi de 34,75 anos.O tempo médio de união óssea foi de 6,5 meses nos fêmures e de 6,7 meses nas tíbias. As complicações foram rigidez do joelho, união óssea tardia e infecção. De acordo com os critérios modificados de Karlstrom, três resultados foram considerados excelentes, cinco bons, três razoáveis e um resultado foi considerado ruim. Conclusão Lesões do tipo joelho flutuante são graves e são geralmente associadas a lesões de vários órgãos. A detecção precoce e o tratamento adequado das lesões associadas, a afixação precoce das fraturas e a reabilitação pós-operatória são necessários para um bom resultado. As complicações são frequentes, sob a forma de união óssea tardia, rigidez do joelho e infecção.

Traumatic dissociation of the tibial insert with patellar tendon rupture after high-flex posterior-stabilized Genesis II total knee arthroplasty / Dissociação traumática do inserto tibial com ruptura do tendão patelar após artroplastia total do joelho com a prótese Genesis II de alta flexibilidade e estabilização posterior

ABSTRACT The authors report the first case of traumatic late dissociation of the polyethylene insert with patellar tendon rupture after total knee arthroplasty using a high-flex posterior-stabilized Genesis II prosthesis in a 60-year-old Parkinson's disease patient. Insert dislodgement has been described most commonly with mobile-bearing and cruciate-retaining TKAs. Only four cases of insert dissociation in a high-flex fixed-bearing prosthesis have been described to date. This case report paves the way to understanding the potential reasons for insert dissociation and its management strategy.

RESUMO Os autores relatam o primeiro caso de dissociação tardia traumática do inserto de polietileno com ruptura do tendão patelar após artroplastia total do joelho, com o uso de uma prótese Genesis II de alta flexibilidade e estabilização posterior, em paciente com 60 anos com doença de Parkinson. A luxação do inserto plástico tem sido mais comumente descrita em ATJs com suporte de carga móvel e que pouparam o ligamento cruzado. Até o presente, foram descritos apenas quatro casos de dissociação dos insertos de polietileno em próteses de suporte fixo e alta flexibilidade. Este relato de caso abre caminho para a compreensão das potenciais causas de dissociação inserto de polietileno e sua conduta.

Bisphosphonate Combination Therapy in the Management of Postchemotherapy Avascular Necrosis of the Femoral Head in Adolescents and Young Adults: A Retrospective Study From India.

PURPOSE: With improved survival after chemotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), it is imperative to maintain good quality of life as part of the management of post-therapy adverse effects. Avascular necrosis of the femoral head (AVNFH) is one such adverse effect. A need exists for a therapy that ameliorates discomfort, provides a productive life, is cost effective, and is joint preservative. We conducted the current study to evaluate the response to bisphosphonate in the nonsurgical management of AVNFH in adolescents and young adults (AYA) who receive treatment for ALL. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a retrospective study of 20 AYA patients-34 affected hips-who received zolendronic acid 5 mg intravenously each year along with oral alendronate 70 mg weekly for 3 years. Clinical evaluation was performed by using the Visual Analog Scale and the Harris Hip Score. Radiographs were used to classify the Ficat-Arlet stage, monitor radiologic collapse, and evaluate the rate of progression. RESULTS: Pain relief with a drop in the Visual Analog Scale score was observed at a mean duration of 5.2 weeks (range, 3 weeks to 11 weeks) after the start of therapy. Radiologic progression by one grade was observed in 12 hips (35.3%), and only one hip (2.94%) showed progression by two grades. At a mean follow-up of 50.3 months, 31 affected hips (91.1%) had a satisfactory clinical outcome and had not required any surgical intervention. The proportion of hips that required total hip arthroplasty were 0%, 5%, and 22.2% in Ficat-Arlet stage I, II, and III, respectively. CONCLUSION: The combination of intravenous zolendronic acid and oral alendronate provides a pragmatic solution for the management of AVNFH after therapy for ALL in AYA patients. This therapy is safe, effective, and well tolerated.

A rare case of bilateral central subluxation of the hip joint with associated bilateral quadrilateral plate fracture in an elderly male due to seizure activity / Um caso raro de subluxação central bilateral da articulação do quadril associada a fratura bilateral da lâmina quadrilátera em um homem idoso devido a convulsões

ABSTRACT Musculoskeletal injuries such as dislocation of the shoulder and hip joints and fractures of the femoral neck are known complications of seizures. Bilateral central subluxation of the hip joint with associated bilateral quadrilateral plate fracture is a rare entity and is prone to delayed diagnosis, even more so in patients who experience post-seizure disorientation. The authors report the case of a 74-year-old male patient with bilateral central subluxation of the hip joint with associated bilateral quadrilateral plate fracture due to seizure activity. Bilateral open reconstruction and fixation of the quadrilateral plate with a 3.5-mm pre-bent reconstruction plate reinforced with 3.5-mm pelvic brim reconstruction plate was performed. In conclusion, this case is an example of rare bilateral quadrilateral plate fracture caused due to seizure activity, a fracture for which a high level of suspicion should be kept in mind while evaluating the patient post-seizure episode.

RESUMO Lesões musculoesqueléticas, tais como luxação das articulações do ombro e quadril e fraturas do colo do fêmur, são complicações conhecidas de convulsões. A subluxação central bilateral da articulação do quadril associada a fratura bilateral da lâmina quadrilátera do acetábulo é uma entidade rara e propensa ao diagnóstico tardio, ainda mais em pacientes que experimentam desorientação pós-convulsão. Os autores relatam o caso de um paciente masculino de 74 anos com subluxação central bilateral da articulação do quadril associada a fratura bilateral da lâmina quadrilátera decorrente de atividade convulsiva. Foi feita reconstrução bilateral aberta e a lâmina quadrilátera foi fixada com uma placa de reconstrução pré-dobrada de 3,5 mm, reforçada com uma placa de reconstrução da borda pélvica de 3,5 mm. Conclui-se que este caso é um raro exemplo de fratura bilateral das lâminas quadriláteras causada pela atividade convulsiva. Os profissionais de saúde devem manter um alto nível de suspeita para esse tipo de fratura ao avaliar pacientes após um episódio convulsivo.

CT-guided percutaneous sacroiliac stabilization in unstable pelvic fractures: a safe and accurate technique.

OBJECTIVE: The use of open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) for unstable pelvic injuries is associated with extensive blood loss, iatrogenic neurovascular injury, and infection. Moreover, the placement of sacroiliac (SI) screws is a blinded procedure, guided primarily by palpation and two-dimensional radiological screening, which demands expertise. The complex three-dimensional anatomy of SI joint and its proximity to neurovascular structure require a safe and precise technique. Computed tomography (CT)-guided SI joint stabilization allows an accurate intra-operative assessment of screw placement. This study demonstrated a technique of CT-guided closed reduction and screw fixation of the SI joint in unstable pelvic fractures. METHODS: This was a retrospective non-randomized cohort study conducted at a tertiary care hospital. Six patients with unstable pelvic fractures were operated; the anterior rim was stabilized first by ORIF with plate on the superior and anterior aspects of the pubic symphysis. Subsequently, the posterior stabilization was made percutaneously under CT guidance with a 7-mm cannulated cancellous screw. RESULTS: The mean operative time was 48 min (35-90 min), the mean effective radiation dose was 9.32 (4.97-13.27), and the mean follow-up was 26 months (6-72 months). All patients had satisfactory healing, with near-anatomic reduction and no complications, except in one case where the plate broke at 61 months post surgery, but no intervention was required. The mean VAS score at the final follow-up was 1.8, and all patients returned to their original occupation without any limitations. CONCLUSION: CT-guided SI joint stabilization offers many advantages, including safe and accurate screw placement, reduced operating time, decreased blood loss, early definitive fixation, immediate mobilization, and fewer infections and wound complications.

OBJETIVO: O uso de redução aberta e fixação interna (RAFI) em lesões pélvicas instáveis está associado a hemorragia ampla, lesão neurovascular iatrogênica e infecção. Além disso, os parafusos sacroilíacos (SI) são colocados às cegas − o procedimento é guiado principalmente pela palpação e triagem radiológica bidimensional, o que exige especialização. A complexa anatomia tridimensional da articulação SI e sua proximidade à estrutura neurovascular requerem o uso de uma técnica segura e precisa. A estabilização da articulação SI guiada por tomografia computadorizada (TC) permite uma avaliação intra-operatória precisa do posicionamento do parafuso. Este estudo demonstrou uma técnica, guiada por TC, de redução fechada e fixação da articulação SI com parafusos em fraturas pélvicas instáveis. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo de coorte retrospectivo, não randomizado, realizado em um hospital terciário. Seis pacientes com fraturas pélvicas instáveis foram operados. A borda anterior foi estabilizada primeiro por RAFI com placa nos aspectos superior e anterior da sínfise púbica. Então, a estabilização posterior foi feita de forma percutânea, guiada por TC, com um parafuso esponjoso canulado de 7 mm. RESULTADOS: O tempo médio de cirurgia foi de 48 min (35-90 min); a dose média efetiva de radiação foi de 9,32 (4,97-13,27) e o seguimento médio foi de 26 meses (6-72 meses). Todos os pacientes apresentaram cura satisfatória, com redução quase anatômica e sem complicações, exceto em um caso em que a placa quebrou 61 meses após a cirurgia, sem a necessidade de intervenção. O escore EVA médio no seguimento final foi de 1,8 e todos os pacientes retornaram às suas ocupações originais sem quaisquer limitações. CONCLUSÃO: A estabilização da articulação SI guiada por TC apresenta muitas vantagens, incluindo um posicionamento seguro e preciso do parafuso, redução do tempo de cirurgia, diminuição da perda de sangue, fixação definitiva precoce, mobilização imediata e redução no número de infecções e complicações da ferida cirúrgica.

CT-guided percutaneous sacroiliac stabilization in unstable pelvic fractures: a safe and accurate technique / Estabilização sacroilíaca percutânea guiada por tomografia computadorizada nas fraturas pélvicas instáveis: uma técnica segura e precisa

ABSTRACT Objective The use of open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) for unstable pelvic injuries is associated with extensive blood loss, iatrogenic neurovascular injury, and infection. Moreover, the placement of sacroiliac (SI) screws is a blinded procedure, guided primarily by palpation and two-dimensional radiological screening, which demands expertise. The complex three-dimensional anatomy of SI joint and its proximity to neurovascular structure require a safe and precise technique. Computed tomography (CT)-guided SI joint stabilization allows an accurate intra-operative assessment of screw placement. This study demonstrated a technique of CT-guided closed reduction and screw fixation of the SI joint in unstable pelvic fractures. Methods This was a retrospective non-randomized cohort study conducted at a tertiary care hospital. Six patients with unstable pelvic fractures were operated; the anterior rim was stabilized first by ORIF with plate on the superior and anterior aspects of the pubic symphysis. Subsequently, the posterior stabilization was made percutaneously under CT guidance with a 7-mm cannulated cancellous screw. Results The mean operative time was 48 min (35-90 min), the mean effective radiation dose was 9.32 (4.97-13.27), and the mean follow-up was 26 months (6-72 months). All patients had satisfactory healing, with near-anatomic reduction and no complications, except in one case where the plate broke at 61 months post surgery, but no intervention was required. The mean VAS score at the final follow-up was 1.8, and all patients returned to their original occupation without any limitations. Conclusion CT-guided SI joint stabilization offers many advantages, including safe and accurate screw placement, reduced operating time, decreased blood loss, early definitive fixation, immediate mobilization, and fewer infections and wound complications.

RESUMO Objetivo O uso de redução aberta e fixação interna (RAFI) em lesões pélvicas instáveis está associado a hemorragia ampla, lesão neurovascular iatrogênica e infecção. Além disso, os parafusos sacroilíacos (SI) são colocados às cegas − o procedimento é guiado principalmente pela palpação e triagem radiológica bidimensional, o que exige especialização. A complexa anatomia tridimensional da articulação SI e sua proximidade com a estrutura neurovascular requerem o uso de uma técnica segura e precisa. A estabilização da articulação SI guiada por tomografia computadorizada (TC) permite uma avaliação intraoperatória precisa do posicionamento do parafuso. Este estudo demonstrou uma técnica, guiada por TC, de redução fechada e fixação da articulação SI com parafusos em fraturas pélvicas instáveis. Métodos Estudo de coorte retrospectivo, não randomizado, feito em um hospital terciário. Seis pacientes com fraturas pélvicas instáveis foram operados. A borda anterior foi estabilizada primeiro por RAFI com placa nos aspectos superior e anterior da sínfise púbica. Então, a estabilização posterior foi feita de forma percutânea, guiada por TC, com um parafuso esponjoso canulado de 7 mm. Resultados O tempo médio de cirurgia foi de 48 min (35-90 min); a dose média efetiva de radiação foi de 9,32 (4,97-13,27) e o seguimento médio foi de 26 meses (6-72 meses). Todos os pacientes apresentaram cura satisfatória, com redução quase anatômica e sem complicações, exceto em um caso em que a placa quebrou 61 meses após a cirurgia, sem a necessidade de intervenção. O escore EVA médio no seguimento final foi de 1,8 e todos os pacientes retornaram às suas ocupações originais sem quaisquer limitações. Conclusão A estabilização da articulação SI guiada por TC apresenta muitas vantagens, inclusive um posicionamento seguro e preciso do parafuso, redução do tempo de cirurgia, diminuição da perda de sangue, fixação definitiva precoce, mobilização imediata e redução no número de infecções e complicações da ferida cirúrgica.

Bilateral simultaneous neck femur fracture following domestic fall in an elderly patient: a rare case report / Fratura simultânea bilateral do colo do fêmur após queda doméstica em uma paciente idosa: relato de um caso raro

ABSTRACT Simultaneous bilateral neck femur fracture is a rare entity that has been associated with underlying bone disease, various metabolic diseases, high-energy trauma, and seizure disorders. Its occurrence following minimal trauma is very rare. This article presents the case of a 66-year-old female who sustained bilateral intracapsular fracture neck femur following a slip and fall at home. Single-stage bilateral cemented total hip replacement was done using a direct lateral approach with alternate right and left lateral positions. The authors report a satisfactory outcome, with Harris hip score of 98 at one year, which persisted until her last follow-up at 30 months.

RESUMO A fratura simultânea bilateral do colo do fêmur é uma entidade rara que tem sido associada a doenças ósseas, diversas doenças metabólicas, traumas de alta energia e distúrbios convulsivos. Sua ocorrência após trauma mínimo é muito rara. Este artigo apresenta o caso de uma mulher de 66 anos que sofreu fratura intracapsular bilateral do colo do fêmur após um deslize e queda em casa. Uma artroplastia total do quadril, bilateral e cimentada foi feita em um único momento, com o uso de uma abordagem lateral direta, em que se alternaram as posições lateral direita e esquerda. Os autores relatam um resultado satisfatório, com Harris Hip Score de 98 após um ano, que persistiu até o último seguimento, aos 30 meses.