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1.
Exp Parasitol ; 262: 108764, 2024 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38677580

RESUMO

Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is a parasitic infection caused by the larval stage of the pork tapeworm, Taenia solium. The complications of NCC include seizures, headaches, cognitive impairment, and focal neurological deficits. In addition to antiparasitic drugs and surgery, the management of NCC includes the use of corticosteroids to reduce inflammation and control symptoms. The traditional treatment with albendazole and praziquantel has not been altered over 30 years and present several side effects. There are other anti-helminthic drugs such as oxfendazole and nitazoxanide that may show efficacy in NCC treatment. The aim of this study was to determine the histopathologic aspects of experimental NCC after in vivo treatment with the combination of oxfendazole and nitazoxanide. Balb/c mice were infected with T. crassiceps cysticerci and divided into groups of 10 animals each that received a single dose through gavage as follows: group treated with NaCl 0.9% (control group); group treated by monotherapy of the anti-helminthic drugs, 30 mg/kg in single dose of oxfendazole (OXF) or nitazoxanide (NTZ); and groups treated with the combination of the drugs (OXF/NTZ group). Macroscopic and microscopic analysis were performed. There was greater presence of final stage cysticerci after treatment. The microscopic analysis of the general pathological processes showed that the monotherapy with all treatment groups induced higher perivasculitis than what was observed in the control group. In contrast, the combination treatment showed a lower observation of PMN and MN inflammatory infiltration in comparison to the other treatments and to the control one. These results show that indeed the association of benzimidazole derivatives which present both anti-helminthic and anti-inflammatory properties with other cysticidal drugs are beneficial for the NCC treatment in which the aim is to destroy parasite without inducing inflammatory damage in the brain tissue.


Assuntos
Benzimidazóis , Encéfalo , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Neurocisticercose , Nitrocompostos , Tiazóis , Animais , Neurocisticercose/tratamento farmacológico , Neurocisticercose/patologia , Camundongos , Tiazóis/uso terapêutico , Tiazóis/farmacologia , Tiazóis/administração & dosagem , Nitrocompostos/uso terapêutico , Benzimidazóis/uso terapêutico , Benzimidazóis/farmacologia , Encéfalo/parasitologia , Encéfalo/patologia , Feminino , Quimioterapia Combinada , Anti-Inflamatórios/uso terapêutico , Anti-Inflamatórios/administração & dosagem , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Anti-Helmínticos/uso terapêutico , Anti-Helmínticos/farmacologia , Anti-Helmínticos/administração & dosagem , Taenia solium/efeitos dos fármacos
2.
Exp Parasitol ; 251: 108568, 2023 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37327965

RESUMO

Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is a public health issue in endemic regions and is considered the main preventable cause of neurologic disease. It is caused by the presence of Taenia solium cysticercus in the central nervous system. The current treatment is performed with anthelminthic drugs - albendazole (ABZ) or praziquantel - associated with anti-inflammatory and corticosteroids in order to prevent the negative effects of the inflammatory reaction to the parasite's death. Ivermectin (IVM) is an anthelminthic drug that has been shown to present an anti-inflammatory effect. The aim of this study was to was to evaluate the histopathologic aspects of experimental NCC after in vivo treatment with a combination of ABZ-IVM. Balb/c mice were intracranially inoculated with T. crassiceps cysticerci and after 30 days of infection were treated with a single dose of NaCl 0.9% (control group), ABZ monotherapy (40 mg/kg), IVM monotherapy (0.2 mg/kg) or a combination of ABZ-IVM. 24h after the treatment the animals were euthanized and the brain was removed for histopathologic analysis. The IVM monotherapy and ABZ-IVM combination showed more degenerated cysticerci, less inflammatory infiltration, meningitis and hyperemia than the other groups. Therefore, it is possible to recommend the combination of albendazole and ivermectin as alternative chemotherapy for NCC due to its antiparasitic and anti-inflammatory effects, with potential to decrease the negative effects of the inflammatory burst when the parasite is killed within the CNS.


Assuntos
Anti-Helmínticos , Neurocisticercose , Animais , Camundongos , Albendazol/farmacologia , Albendazol/uso terapêutico , Neurocisticercose/tratamento farmacológico , Ivermectina/farmacologia , Ivermectina/uso terapêutico , Anti-Helmínticos/farmacologia , Cysticercus , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Anti-Inflamatórios/uso terapêutico
3.
Aesthetic Plast Surg ; 47(6): 2813-2822, 2023 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36607354

RESUMO

Nowadays, aesthetic concerns have gained attention, especially by patients looking for a less invasive alternative to minor facial corrections. Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) is widely used as a soft tissue filler; the demand for this polymer has increased, and along with it, there are some reports of adverse reactions. Such adverse reactions stem from consequences of immune and inflammatory reactions to PMMA. Some animal models have been used to unravel the causes of these reactions, among other factors involving the management of PMMA. The aim of this study was to determine the immunogenic profile of PMMA implantation in different anatomical planes of mice, over up to 360 experimental days. In this study, BALB/c mice were divided into 30 groups for immune evaluation of the interaction between the organism and the polymer; 2% PMMA was implanted subcutaneously, 10% intramuscularly and 30% in periosteal juxtaposition and followed during five experimental days (7, 30, 90, 180 and 360 days after implantation-DAI). Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IFN-gamma, TNF, IL-17A, IL-10 and TGF-beta) were quantified in all experimental days. There was no statistical difference between the groups analyzed considering the evaluated parameters. Therefore, at all implanted depths, PMMA behaved inertly in a murine model.No Level Assigned This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each submission to which Evidence-Based Medicine rankings are applicable. This excludes Review Articles, Book Reviews, and manuscripts that concern Basic Science, Animal Studies, Cadaver Studies, and Experimental Studies. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .


Assuntos
Face , Polimetil Metacrilato , Humanos , Camundongos , Animais , Polimetil Metacrilato/efeitos adversos , Microesferas , Inflamação
4.
Aesthetic Plast Surg ; 47(3): 1205-1216, 2023 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36418549

RESUMO

Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) is a filler used for aesthetic and/or repair purposes. The response to the implantation of biomaterials varies according to factors related to the patient, the professional responsible for the application and the material used. In vitro and in vivo experimental models have been used to study aspects such as the organism/biomaterial interface and the role of macrophages, dendritic cells and neutrophils. This study aimed to characterize the inflammatory reactions related to polymer concentration, implantation depth and exposure time. Different concentrations of PMMA were implanted in different anatomical planes in mice. The consequences of contact with PMMA, from structural changes to the inflammatory characteristic of tissue damage, were histologically evaluated. The implantation interfered in the morphological structure of the region where it was implanted, expanding it and due to the inflammatory reaction generated, by the presence of the vehicle in the initial phase and by the collagen produced in the chronic phase. The 30% concentration of PMMA induced a greater presence of foreign body giant cells both subcutaneously, at 7, 30 and 90 days after implantation (DAI), and intramuscular at 30DAI. Tissue remodeling was more expressive in the subcutaneous region with significant density of the extracellular matrix at 90DAI. In conclusion, the foreign body reaction resulting from the implantation process acquires different characteristics depending on the anatomical plane and the concentration of implanted product, where the more superficial the implantation plane, the greater the inflammatory reaction. Moreover, PMMA concentration and the depth of implantation did not influence the collagen production.No Level Assigned This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each submission to which Evidence-Based Medicine rankings are applicable. This excludes Review Articles, Book Reviews, and manuscripts that concern Basic Science, Animal Studies, Cadaver Studies, and Experimental Studies. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors https://www.springer.com/00266.


Assuntos
Materiais Biocompatíveis , Polimetil Metacrilato , Camundongos , Animais
5.
Acta cir. bras ; 38: e385323, 2023. tab, ilus
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1519879

RESUMO

Purpose: The angiogenic, osteogenic and anti-inflammatory activity of latex of Hancornia speciosa has been evidenced and indicates pharmacological potential with great applicability in the health area, especially in the wound healing process. The present work aimed to compare the effects of the H. speciosa macroporous latex biomembrane with saline on wound healing. Methods: Forty-three Wistar rats were submitted to excisional wound induction procedure and divided into groups according to treatment: saline (G1), and macroporous biomembrane (G2). The animals were euthanized at three, seven, 14, and 21 days after injury induction (DAI), and three animals were used for the debridement test. Morphometric, macroscopic, and microscopic analyses of general pathological processes were performed. Results: The macroporous biomembrane minimized necrosis and inflammation during the inflammatory and proliferative phases of the healing process, confirmed by the lower intensity of the crust and the debridement effect. In addition, the wounds treated with the macroporous biomembrane presented greater contraction rates in all the experimental periods analyzed. Conclusions: The macroporous biomembrane presents angiogenic, anti-inflammatory and debridement effects, contributing to the healing process, and can be considered a potentially promising new biomaterial to be used as a dressing.


Assuntos
Animais , Ratos , Cicatrização , Materiais Biocompatíveis , Apocynaceae , Desbridamento , Anti-Inflamatórios
6.
Exp Parasitol ; 238: 108265, 2022 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35525309

RESUMO

Taenia crassiceps is often used as experimental model for T. solium cysticercosis studies. Currently cysticercosis antiparasitic treatment is based on albendazole and praziquantel which may present side effects and parasitic resistance. The search for other antiparasitic drugs is necessary. Nitazoxanide (NTZ) and flubendazole (FLB) are broad spectrum antiparasitic drugs that present anti-cysticercosis effect. Metabolic analyses help to determine the impact of these drugs on parasites. The aim of this study was to determine the impact on the production and excretion of organic metabolites in T. crassiceps cysticerci after in vitro exposure to NTZ and FLB, isolated or in combination. T. crassiceps cysticerci were culture in RPMI medium and exposed to 10 µg/mL of NTZ, 10 µg/mL of FLB or 10 µg/mL of NTZ +10 µg/mL of FLB. 24 h after exposure, the parasites were chromatographic analyzed to determine the impact of these drugs on glycolysis, homolactic fermentation, tricarboxylic acid cycle, fatty acids oxidation and proteins catabolism. It was possible to determine that the drugs combination induced greater metabolic impact on cysticerci in comparison to the isolated drugs exposure. The drugs combination induced gluconeogenesis, metabolic acidosis, increase in tricarboxylic acid cycle and in proteins catabolism. While the NTZ isolated exposure induced metabolic acidosis and protein catabolism and the FLB isolate exposure induced gluconeogenesis and protein catabolism. These results show that the combination of drugs with different modes of action increase the antiparasitic effect and may be indicated as alternative cysticercosis treatments.


Assuntos
Cisticercose , Taenia , Animais , Antiparasitários/farmacologia , Antiparasitários/uso terapêutico , Cisticercose/tratamento farmacológico , Cysticercus , Mebendazol/análogos & derivados , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Nitrocompostos , Estresse Fisiológico , Tiazóis
7.
Acta Trop ; 226: 106264, 2022 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34919953

RESUMO

Cysticercosis is a zoonotic public health issue especially severe when the parasite is in the central nervous system although it may be found all over the human organism. Taenia crassiceps cysticerci inoculated in mice is the experimental model used to study cysticercosis. The most used cysticercosis treatment is with albendazole (ABZ). Nitazoxanide (NTZ) has been experimentally tested against this parasite. Metabolic analysis has been used to determine drugs impact on the parasite. The aim of this study was to determine the in vivo metabolic impact of the ABZ-NTZ combination in T. crassiceps cysticerci inoculated in mice peritoneal and intracranial cavities. Mice were experimentally inoculated with T. crassiceps cysticerci in the intraperitoneal cavity or in the intracranial one. Thirty days after the infection they were treated with NaCl 0.9% (control group), 50 mg/kg of ABZ, 50 mg/kg of NTZ or 50 mg/kg of NTZ and ABZ (ABZ/NTZ combination). 24 h after treatment the animals were euthanized and the cysticerci analyzed through high performance chromatography and spectrophotometry in order to detect the glycolytic, mitochondrial and protein catabolism pathways. The intracranial parasites used more intensely the homolactic fermentation while the intraperitoneal ones presented a greater use of the mitochondrial pathways and protein catabolism. Regarding the glycolytic pathways, it was possible to observe a significant impact induced by the drugs used, both isolated or in combination. It was possible to detect an increase in the fumarate reductase pathway after the drugs exposure and no impact in the protein's catabolism. Therefore, the cysticerci showed different uses of metabolic pathways regarding the site of inoculation due to the availability of nutrients inherent of each environment. This study showed the parasite metabolic resilience and capability of use of different biochemical pathways in order to ensure survival in spite of a hostile environment.


Assuntos
Cisticercose , Taenia , Albendazol , Animais , Cysticercus , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Nitrocompostos , Tiazóis
8.
Acta cir. bras ; 37(8): e370801, 2022. tab, ilus
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1402973

RESUMO

Purpose: To evaluate the morphometric, macroscopic and microscopic aspects of experimentally induced partial-thickness burns in rats treated with different silver-based dressings. Methods: Wistar rats were used, divided into six treatments: saline (NaCl 0.9%); silver sulfadiazine 1%; Silvercel; Mepilex Ag; Aquacel Ag and Acticoat. The animals were monitored daily and euthanized at 7, 14 and 30 days after injury induction (DAI). Results: At 7 DAI, necrosis/crust was greater in control, silver sulfadiazine and Mepilex Ag treatments, granulation tissue was induced by Aquacel Ag, polymorphonuclear infiltrate (PMN) infiltration was intensified by Mepilex Ag; mononuclear infiltrate (MN) infiltration and angiogenesis were increased by Silvercel. At 14 DAI, hemorrhage was decreased by Silvercel and Mepilex Ag, PMN infiltration increased by Acticoat. At 30 DAI, angiogenesis was greater in the Acticoat treatment and fibroblasts were increased by Acticoat and Mepilex Ag. Collagen was induced at 14 DAI by silver sulfadiazine and Aquacel Ag and, at 30 DAI, by silver sulfadiazine and Silvercel treatments. Conclusions: Silvercel and Acticoat presented better results than the other products. However, all the dressings were better than the control at some point during the process, and may contribute to the healing of partial thickness burns. Silvercel and Aquacel Ag treatments induced better cosmetic outcomes regarding wound closure and scarring.


Assuntos
Animais , Ratos , Sulfadiazina de Prata/uso terapêutico , Queimaduras Químicas/terapia , Compostos de Prata/uso terapêutico , Curativos Hidrocoloides/veterinária , Ratos Wistar
9.
Acta Trop ; 221: 106027, 2021 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34216560

RESUMO

Cysticercosis is the presence of Taenia solium larval stage in tissues such as central nervous system, skin, muscles and eye globe. The current treatment is based on albendazole and praziquantel which already present resistance reports. Therefore, the search for alternative treatments is paramount. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of flubendazole and nitazoxanide on cytoskeleton proteins from Taenia crassiceps cysticerci, an experimental model for cysticercosis. Cysticerci were cultured in RPMI supplemented medium containing nitazoxanide and/or flubendazole. 24 h after the exposure the cysticerci were processed for scanning and transmission electron microscopy and for protein analysis of the cytoskeleton. The proteins were detected through 1D electrophoresis and identified through Western Blot. Nitazoxanide exposure increased tubulin and actin quantifications in T. crassiceps cysticerci. While flubendazole alone and the drugs combinations induced an increase in α-tubulin and actin and decreased ß-tubulin quantifications in the parasite. Morphological changes such as swelling and rupture of vesicle, stiff membrane, decrease in movements were observed when the cysticerci were incubated with the different compounds. In conclusion the drugs induced significative impact in the parasite`s cytoskeleton and may be considered as alternative treatments for cysticercosis.


Assuntos
Citoesqueleto/efeitos dos fármacos , Mebendazol/análogos & derivados , Nitrocompostos/farmacologia , Taenia , Tiazóis/farmacologia , Animais , Cisticercose , Cysticercus/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Mebendazol/farmacologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Taenia/efeitos dos fármacos
10.
Rev Bras Parasitol Vet ; 30(2): e000321, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34076043

RESUMO

The aim of this study was to evaluate the genotypic characteristics of Toxoplasma gondii isolated from free-range chickens in the metropolitan area of Goiânia, Goiás, in Brazil's central-west region. The seroprevalence rate was found to be 96%, according to an indirect hemagglutination assay. Brain and heart samples were processed by peptic digestion for a mice bioassay. The tissues were homogenized and the resulting samples were subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR), which revealed that 64% of them contained the parasite's DNA. The mice bioassay revealed 15 isolates, 8 of them tachyzoites isolates from the peritoneal lavage and 7 from brain cysts. T. gondii genotypes were determined through PCR-RFLP, using the following markers: SAG1, SAG2, SAG3, BTUB, GRA6, c22-8, c29-2, L358, PK1, alt. SAG2, Apico and CS3. Three genotypes were identified, inclued ToxoDB #65, and the other two are not yet described in the literature. Hence, we conclude that the isolates obtained from the metropolitan area of Goiânia showed relatively low genetic diversity.


Assuntos
Doenças dos Roedores , Toxoplasma , Toxoplasmose Animal , Animais , Brasil , Galinhas , Variação Genética , Genótipo , Camundongos , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Toxoplasma/genética , Toxoplasmose Animal/diagnóstico , Toxoplasmose Animal/epidemiologia
11.
Aesthet Surg J Open Forum ; 2(1): ojaa002, 2020 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33791622

RESUMO

Hemifacial microsomia (HMF) is a morphological alteration characterized by facial deformities. These alterations are a consequence of a congenital anomalous development of the first and second branchial arches. It may present a genetic or environmental origin or a mixture of both and is considered mostly multifactorial. The clinical presentation varies; however, some characteristics are predominant such as unilateral mandible hypoplasia, agenesis or malformation of the auricular pavilion, and agenesis or malformation of the eye globe. The aim of this paper was to report a clinical case of a patient with late diagnosis of HMF which presented multiple deformities and received treatment with polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) implant in different concentrations. Aiming for facial harmony, the PMMA implant occurred in the following regions: canine fossa, nasolabial sulcus, mandible, Bichat Ball, chin outline, lip contour, nose base, columella, nose tip, and dorsum. The treatment resulted in significant improvement in the facial symmetry.

12.
Parasitology ; 146(12): 1578-1582, 2019 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31303189

RESUMO

Benzimidazole derivatives such as albendazole (ABZ) and mebendazole are important molecules used in helminthic treatment. Neurocysticercosis is the main cause of acquired epilepsy throughout the world and is currently treated with ABZ. New molecules have been studied in order to aid in the treatment of this neglected tropical disease, among them RCB15 and RCB20. The aim of this study was to evaluate the metabolic impact of RCB15 and RCB20 on Taenia crassiceps cysticerci intracranially inoculated in Balb/c mice. Thirty days after the inoculation the mice were treated with 50 mg kg-1 of RCB15, RCB20, ABZ or NaCl 0.9%. The euthanasia and cysticerci removal were performed 24 h after the treatment. The cysticerci were analysed through high performance liquid chromatography. After the treatments, there was an impairment in the main energetic pathways such as glycolytic pathway, homolactic fermentation or in mitochondrion energy production detected through the decrease in pyruvate, lactate, oxaloacetate, malate and fumarate concentrations. This induced the parasite to resort to alternative energetic pathways such as proteins catabolism, propionate fermentation and fatty acids oxidation. Therefore, benzimidazole derivatives are a promising alternative to ABZ use as they also reach the brain tissue and induce a metabolic stress in the cysticerci.


Assuntos
Anti-Helmínticos/farmacologia , Benzimidazóis/farmacologia , Cysticercus/efeitos dos fármacos , Neurocisticercose/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Cysticercus/fisiologia , Metabolismo Energético/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C
13.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 51(5): 716-719, Sept.-Oct. 2018. graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-957453

RESUMO

Abstract We report an Acanthamoeba keratitis case associated with the use of contact lens in a 28-year-old female from Brasília, Brazil. Samples from corneal scraping and contact lens case were used for culture establishment, PCR amplification, and partial sequencing (fragments of ~400kb) of small subunit rDNA; both culture and PCR were positive. The sequence analyses of the cornea and of isolates from the contact lens case showed similarity with the T4 genotype. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of T4 Acanthamoeba keratitis case from the Midwest region of Brazil.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Acanthamoeba/genética , Ceratite por Acanthamoeba/diagnóstico , Lentes de Contato/parasitologia , Acanthamoeba/isolamento & purificação , Ceratite por Acanthamoeba/cirurgia , Ceratite por Acanthamoeba/etiologia , Genótipo
14.
Drug Deliv Transl Res ; 8(5): 1265-1273, 2018 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30117119

RESUMO

Neurocysticercosis is the most common parasitic infection of the nervous system and currently represents a serious public health issue in many regions of Latin America, Asia, and Africa. To date, praziquantel is one of the chosen drugs for the treatment of neurocysticercosis. Its mechanism of action is based on the inhibition of different biochemical pathways within the parasite which contribute to its death. Thus, the aim of this work was to analyze, for the first time, whether the nanoformulations of praziquantel would modify the energetic pathway of Taenia crassiceps cysticerci, after an intracranial inoculation in BALB/c mice. Praziquantel nanosuspensions were formulated with polyvinyl alcohol, poloxamer 188, and poloxamer 407, as stabilizers. These formulations exhibited particle size in a range of 74-285 nm and zeta potential values in a range of - 8.1/- 13.2 depending on the type of stabilizer. Physical stability study at both 4 ± 2 and 25 ± 2 °C indicated that praziquantel (PZQ) nanoparticles were stable in terms of solubility and particle size after 120-day storage. In vivo studies demonstrated that those nanosystems were able to produce significant modifications on the concentrations of oxaloacetate, citrate, pyruvate, alpha-ketoglutarate, malate, succinate, lactate, beta-hydroxybutyrate, fumarate, and propionate involved in the metabolism of Taenia crassiceps cysticerci. Therefore, these nanoformulations may be considered as a promising tool to deliver praziquantel to the brain for the effective management of neurocysticercosis.


Assuntos
Anti-Helmínticos/administração & dosagem , Metaboloma/efeitos dos fármacos , Neurocisticercose/tratamento farmacológico , Praziquantel/administração & dosagem , Animais , Anti-Helmínticos/química , Anti-Helmínticos/uso terapêutico , Cysticercus/efeitos dos fármacos , Cysticercus/fisiologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Estabilidade de Medicamentos , Metabolômica/métodos , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Nanopartículas/administração & dosagem , Nanopartículas/química , Neurocisticercose/metabolismo , Tamanho da Partícula , Praziquantel/química , Praziquantel/uso terapêutico
15.
Arq Neuropsiquiatr ; 76(5): 339-345, 2018 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29898081

RESUMO

Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is one of the parasitic infections that most affects the central nervous system. The knowledge regarding its immunopathogenesis and pathophysiology needs broadening. Taenia crassiceps cysticerci are used as the NCC experimental model. The aim of this work was to describe the general pathological processes and the in situ cytokine profile in C57BL/6 mice inoculated intracranially with viable T. crassiceps cysticerci. The histopathology analysis showed cysticerci in the extraparenchymal and intraventricular region, mononuclear inflammatory infiltration surrounding the parasite, microgliosis and meningitis. The analysis of the in situ immune profiles showed a predominance of the Th2 response. The IL-4 and IL-10 dosages were significantly increased in the infected group. The decrease in the INF-gamma dosage reflects the immunomodulation from the cysticerci. In conclusion, a T. crassiceps NCC infection in C57BL/6 mice triggers an inflammatory response, a predominance of Th2 type in situ profile, with mononuclear inflammatory cell infiltration, meningitis and microgliosis.


Assuntos
Interferon gama/sangue , Interleucina-10/sangue , Interleucina-4/sangue , Neurocisticercose/imunologia , Células Th2/imunologia , Animais , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Feminino , Interferon gama/imunologia , Interleucina-10/imunologia , Interleucina-4/imunologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Neurocisticercose/patologia , Taenia/imunologia
16.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 76(5): 339-345, May 2018. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-950537

RESUMO

ABSTRACT Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is one of the parasitic infections that most affects the central nervous system. The knowledge regarding its immunopathogenesis and pathophysiology needs broadening. Taenia crassiceps cysticerci are used as the NCC experimental model. The aim of this work was to describe the general pathological processes and the in situ cytokine profile in C57BL/6 mice inoculated intracranially with viable T. crassiceps cysticerci. The histopathology analysis showed cysticerci in the extraparenchymal and intraventricular region, mononuclear inflammatory infiltration surrounding the parasite, microgliosis and meningitis. The analysis of the in situ immune profiles showed a predominance of the Th2 response. The IL-4 and IL-10 dosages were significantly increased in the infected group. The decrease in the INF-gamma dosage reflects the immunomodulation from the cysticerci. In conclusion, a T. crassiceps NCC infection in C57BL/6 mice triggers an inflammatory response, a predominance of Th2 type in situ profile, with mononuclear inflammatory cell infiltration, meningitis and microgliosis.


RESUMO Neurocisticercose (NCC) é uma das doenças parasitárias que mais afeta o sistema nervoso central. É necessário aprofundar o conhecimento em relação à sua imunopatogênese e patofisiologia. Os cisticercos de Taenia crassiceps são utilizados como modelo experimental para estudos da NCC. O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever os processos patológicos gerais e o perfil de citocinas in situ em camundongos C57BL/6 inoculados via intracerebral com cisticercos viáveis de T. crassiceps. A análise histopatológica demonstrou cisticercos nas regiões extra-parenquimatosa e intraventricular, infiltrado inflamatório de células mononucleares ao redor do parasita, microgliose e meningite. A análise in situ do perfil de citocinas mostrou uma predominância da resposta Th2. As dosagens de IL-4 e IL-10 foram significativamente maiores no grupo infectado. Conclui-se que a NCC por T. crassiceps em camundongos C57BL/6 induz uma resposta inflamatória com predominância in situ de citocinas do perfil Th2, com infiltrado inflamatório de células mononucleares, meningite e microgliose.


Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Ratos , Interleucina-4/sangue , Interferon gama/sangue , Interleucina-10/sangue , Células Th2/imunologia , Neurocisticercose/imunologia , Taenia/imunologia , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Interleucina-4/imunologia , Interferon gama/imunologia , Interleucina-10/imunologia , Neurocisticercose/patologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL
17.
Acta Trop ; 176: 288-292, 2017 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28865900

RESUMO

The emergence of resistance to albendazole has encouraged the search for effective alternatives for cysticercosis and other parasitosis treatment. RCB15 is a benzimidazole derivative that may be used against such diseases. The aim of this study was to determine the in vitro effect of RCB15 on the alternative energetic pathways of Taenia crassiceps cysticerci. The cysticerci were in vitro exposed to albendazole sulphoxide (ABZSO) or RCB15 at different concentrations during 24h. The cysticerci extract and the culture medium were analyzed through spectrophotometry and high performance liquid chromatography as to detect glucose, urea, creatinine and organic acids of the energetic metabolism. The drugs did not influence the protein catabolism. Fatty acids oxidation was enhanced through significantly higher acetate concentrations in the groups treated with RCB15 and ABZSO. Beta-hydroxybutyrate concentrations were decreased which indicates the use of fatty acids towards acetyl-CoA synthesis. There was a decrease in glucose uptake and pyruvate concentrations. The absence of lactate indicates the use of pyruvate in gluconeogenesis. Therefore it is possible to conclude that RCB15 enhanced the alternative energetic pathways of cysticerci in vitro exposed to different concentration, with emphasis on the fatty acids catabolism.


Assuntos
Anticestoides/farmacologia , Benzimidazóis/farmacologia , Cysticercus/efeitos dos fármacos , Albendazol/análogos & derivados , Albendazol/farmacologia , Animais , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Metabolismo Energético/efeitos dos fármacos , Glucose/metabolismo , Glicólise , Ácido Láctico/metabolismo , Oxirredução/efeitos dos fármacos , Ácido Pirúvico/metabolismo
18.
Parasitol Res ; 116(11): 3037-3041, 2017 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28914356

RESUMO

Taenia crassiceps cysticerci are used as experimental model to study the host-parasite relationship and treatment of cysticercosis. One of the described mode of actions of nitazoxanide (NTZ) is to block the pyruvate ferredoxine oxidoreductase (PFOR) enzyme which is an essential enzyme to the parasite metabolism. The aim of this study was to determine the in vivo influence of one dosage of NTZ on the energetic metabolism of T. crassiceps cysticerci. Thirty days after the intraperitoneal inoculation of T. crassiceps cysticerci, BALB/c mice were orally treated with 7.5 mg/kg of NTZ. The control group was treated with physiologic solution (NaCl 0.9%). After 24 h, the animals were euthanized and the cysticerci were removed, washed, and processed for biochemical analysis. The organic acids detection occurred through high-performance liquid chromatographic and spectrophotometric analysis. While there was no difference in the glucose dosages, it was possible to observe a significant increase in the lactate concentrations and a decrease in the pyruvate concentrations of the NTZ-treated groups when compared to the control group. Also, there was a decrease in the urea and alpha-ketoglutarate concentrations. This probably occurred due to the impairment of the parasite's PFOR and nitroreductases leading an impairment of the mitochondrial aerobic pathways. In conclusion, the in vivo NTZ treatment leads to an increase in the lactic fermentation and to a decrease in the protein catabolism in T. crassiceps cysticerci.


Assuntos
Anticestoides/uso terapêutico , Cisticercose/tratamento farmacológico , Taenia/efeitos dos fármacos , Tiazóis/uso terapêutico , Anaerobiose , Animais , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Cisticercose/parasitologia , Metabolismo Energético/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Glucose/metabolismo , Interações Hospedeiro-Parasita , Ácidos Cetoglutáricos/metabolismo , Ácido Láctico/metabolismo , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Nitrocompostos , Taenia/metabolismo
19.
Rev. patol. trop ; 46(2): 121-133, jun. 2017. tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-913454

RESUMO

Neglected tropical diseases affect more than 1 billion people in tropical and subtropical regions most of them are caused by parasites. Several of these diseases already have effective drugs capable of eliminating the causative parasite, however are not capable of interrupting the transmission cycle. This fact induces the continuous of repetitive treatments, which may result in the parasite's resistance. This review aims to show the mechanism of action of the main drugs used to treat parasitic neglected tropical diseases in order to determine the drug's target and help the understanding of how the parasites are killed within the host.


Assuntos
Doenças Negligenciadas , Doenças Parasitárias , Preparações Farmacêuticas
20.
Curr Microbiol ; 74(6): 685-690, 2017 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28326448

RESUMO

Members of the genus Acanthamoeba are of the most common protozoa that has been isolated from a variety of environment and affect immunocompromised individuals, causing granulomatous amoebic encephalitis and skin lesions. Acanthamoeba, in immunocompetent patients, may cause a keratitis related to corneal microtrauma. These free-living amoebas easily adapt to the host environment and wield metabolic pathways such as the energetic and respiratory ones in order to maintain viability for long periods. The energetic metabolism of cysts and trophozoites remains mostly unknown. There are a few reports on the energetic metabolism of these organisms as they are mitochondriate eukaryotes and some studies under aerobic conditions showing that Acanthamoeba hydrolyzes glucose into pyruvate via glycolysis. The aim of this study was to detect the energetic metabolic pathways with emphasis on anaerobic metabolism in trophozoites of three isolates of Acanthamoeba sp belonging to the T4 genotype. Two samples were collected in the environment and one was a clinical sample. The evaluation of these microorganisms proceeded as follows: rupture of trophozoites (7.5 × 103 parasites/ml) and biochemical analysis with high performance liquid chromatography and spectrophotometry. The anaerobic glycolysis was identified through the detection of glucose, pyruvate, and lactate. The protein catabolism was identified through the detection of fumarate, urea, and creatinine. The fatty acid oxidation was identified through the detection of acetate, beta-hydroxybutyrate, and propionate. The detected substances are the result of the consumption of energy reserves such as glycogen and lipids. The anaerobic glycolysis and protein catabolism pathways were observed in all three isolates: one clinical and two environmental. This study represents the first report of energetic pathways used by trophozoites from different isolates of the T4 genotype Acanthamoeba.


Assuntos
Acanthamoeba/metabolismo , Anaerobiose/fisiologia , Metabolismo Energético/fisiologia , Glicólise/fisiologia , Trofozoítos/metabolismo , Acanthamoeba/classificação , Acanthamoeba/isolamento & purificação , Ácidos Graxos/metabolismo , Proteínas/metabolismo
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