Is it possible to limit the risks of thyroid surgery?

OBJECTIVE: Inferior laryngeal nerve (ILN) palsy and hypocalcemia remain the two most frequent major complications after thyroid surgery. Their occurrences may be explained by the influence of factors related to the patient, the surgical procedure, thyroid pathology, or the surgeon's technique. This study aims To assess whether systematically following a rigorous surgical technique during thyroidectomy affects postoperative complications and long-term patient recovery. METHODS: We conducted a multicenter, cross-sectional study of prospectively collected data in five high-volume referral centers enrolling all patients who underwent thyroid surgery between April 2008 and December 2009. Inferior laryngeal nerve (ILN) palsy and hypocalcemia were systematically assessed during hospitalization based on objective criteria. A six-month follow-up was conducted in cases of early complications. Multivariate regression models were computed to quantify their relationship with potential risk factors. RESULTS: A total of 3574 thyroid procedures were completed. Non-visualization of the ILN during dissection and a large thyroid mass were major risk factors for permanent ILN palsy (OR, 4.17 and 2.61, p<0.01) and persistent complications after initial injury (OR, 4.17 and 2.42, p<0.05). The presence of thyroiditis on the surgical specimen was an independent risk factor for permanent hypoparathyroidism and poor recovery after initial dysfunction (OR, 1.76 and 1.88, p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Thorough meticulous technique in thyroid surgery is a determinant of ILN function but fails to prevent persistent hypoparathyroidism.

Prognostic value of Dicer expression in human breast cancers and association with the mesenchymal phenotype.

BACKGROUND: Dicer, a ribonuclease, is the key enzyme required for the biogenesis of microRNAs and small interfering RNAs and is essential for both mammalian development and cell differentiation. Recent evidence indicates that Dicer may also be involved in tumourigenesis. However, no studies have examined the clinical significance of Dicer at both the RNA and the protein levels in breast cancer. METHODS: In this study, the biological and prognostic value of Dicer expression was assessed in breast cancer cell lines, breast cancer progression cellular models, and in two well-characterised sets of breast carcinoma samples obtained from patients with long-term follow-up using tissue microarrays and quantitative reverse transcription-PCR. RESULTS: We have found that Dicer protein expression is significantly associated with hormone receptor status and cancer subtype in breast tumours (ER P=0.008; PR P=0.019; cancer subtype P=0.023, luminal A P=0.0174). Dicer mRNA expression appeared to have an independent prognostic impact in metastatic disease (hazard ratio=3.36, P=0.0032). In the breast cancer cell lines, lower Dicer expression was found in cells harbouring a mesenchymal phenotype and in metastatic bone derivatives of a breast cancer cell line. These findings suggest that the downregulation of Dicer expression may be related to the metastatic spread of tumours. CONCLUSION: Assessment of Dicer expression may facilitate prediction of distant metastases for patients suffering from breast cancer.

Clinical relevance of total HCV core antigen testing for hepatitis C monitoring and for predicting patients' response to therapy.

To study the correlation between total Hepatitis C virus (HCV) Core antigen (Ag) and HCV-RNA, and to assess the proficiency of HCV Core Ag testing in monitoring and predicting virologic response during and after pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN) and ribavirin combination therapy. A total of 307 samples from treated and untreated patients were used to assess the correlation between the total HCV Core Ag test and quantitative HCV-RNA assays (Superquant, and Quantiplex branched DNA 2.0 assay). Twenty-four patients received combination therapy for 48 weeks. Blood samples were collected at day 0, and week 2, 4, 12, 24, 48 and 72 for virologic evaluation. A linear relation exists between total HCV Core Ag and HCV-RNA levels. At 3 months the positive predictive value (PPV) of response to therapy was 100% with either HCV Core Ag or HCV-RNA. For HCV Core Ag the negative predictive value (NPV) was 100% whereas for HCV-RNA the NPV was 80% (P > 0.05). At month 1, the PPV was 95% and 100% when determined by HCV Core Ag and HCV-RNA, respectively. The NPV value was 100% for HCV Core Ag and 33% for HCV-RNA (P = 0.005). HCV Core Ag quantification could be useful in clinical practice to predict a sustained virological response early during therapy (4 weeks), reaching an optimal performance at month 3. The determination of total HCV Core Ag levels in serum, constitutes an accurate and reliable alternative to HCV-RNA for monitoring and predicting treatment outcome in patients receiving PEG-IFN/Ribavirin combination therapy.

The risk of hospital-acquired GB virus C infection: a pilot case-control study.

The risk of hospital-acquired infection with GB virus C (GBV-C) was explored among 42 patients. The factors independently associated with detection of GBV-C RNA in serum were bronchoscopic examination [adjusted odds ratio (OR)=18.1 (95% confidence interval 1.3-255.3), P=0.03] and a history of illicit drug use [OR=14.5 (1.0-218.7), P=0.05]. In this cohort of patients, invasive procedures appear to be associated with GBV-C infection but not with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection.