Results and Prospects of Using Activator of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Differentiation in Complex Therapy for Patients with COVID-19.

The paper presents the results of a standard and complex treatment method using the peptide drug thymus thymalin in patients with COVID-19. One of the mechanisms of the immunomodulatory effect of thymalin is considered to be the ability of this peptide drug to influence the differentiation of human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). It was found that, as a result of standard treatment, patients in the control group showed a decrease in the concentration of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6, C-reactive protein, D-dimer. The addition of thymalin to standard therapy accelerated the decline in both these indicators and the indicators of the T cell system. This has helped reduce the risk of blood clots in COVID-19 patients. The revealed properties of the thymus peptide preparation are the rationale for its inclusion in the complex treatment of coronavirus infection. Peptideswith potential biological activity against SARS-CoV-2 virus [29]. Note: Nitrogen atoms are shown in blue, oxygen atoms - in red, carbon atoms - in gray, hydrogen atoms - in white, and phosphorus atoms - in yellow.

Effectiveness of correction of bleomycin-induced lung injury by early and late administration of surfactant-BL.

Rats were exposed to inhalation of surfactant-BL starting from the first or eighth day after intratracheal administration of bleomycin. At the early stages, the preparation effectively attenuated damage to ultrastructural components of the lung tissue and reduced the severity and extent of subsequent pulmonary pathology.

[Surgical treatment of primary malignant tumors of the trachea].

The authors have performed 18 circular resections of the trachea (CRT) for adenocystic cancer and typical carcinoid. In 10 of these patients more than 5 cm of the tracheal segment were ablated. Postoperative radiotherapy was made on 8 patients with adenocystic cancer with lengthy CRT. Immediate and long-term results were good that allowed the authors to recommend a single-stage circular resection of the trachea in treatment of high differentiated forms of cancer.

[A comparison of the pulsatile and nonpulsatile regimens of artificial blood circulation in operations of aortocoronary shunting].

The work is based on a clinical-laboratory analysis of the pulsatile and non-pulsatile regimens of artificial blood circulation. During operation under investigation were indices of gases of the arterial and venous blood. They were compared with those of gases obtained using the monitor of transcutaneous gases of blood. In the postoperative period a comparison was made between clinical and biochemical indices of blood and coagulogram. The data obtained have shown less negative influence of pulsatile regimen of blood circulation which manifests itself during artificial blood circulation as an increased delivery and extraction of oxygen by tissues, after operation--as improved blood indices.

[Intravascular laser irradiation of blood in complex treatment of obliterating atherosclerosis of the lower extremity vessels in elderly and senile patients].

The authors describe comparative results of treatment of 60 elderly and senile patients with obliterating atherosclerosis of the lower extremity vessels. In 50 patients treatment with traditional medicines was combined with intravascular laser irradiation of blood, 10 patients were treated with traditional medicines only. The data obtained by questionnaires concerning the patients' state, expert judgment of doctors in charge of the profile department, indices of instrumental examinations of regional hemodynamics (rheovasography of the lower extremity vessels), data of laboratory investigations of morphofunctional state of erythrocytes and hemorheology showed that laser irradiation of blood gave better results of treatment. Its therapeutic effect persisted during 3 months in most patients.

Therapeutic efficiency of early and late administration of surfactant-BL during bleomycin-induced damage to rat lungs.

Surfactant-BL was administered to rats via the inhalation route from day 1 or day 8 after intratracheal injection of bleomycin. Bronchoalveolar lavage and morphological characteristics of the lungs were compared. Administration of surfactant-BL at the early terms efficiently reduced the severity of bleomycin-induced alveolitis and atelectases.

[Use of epidural analgesia for the arresting of pronounced lumbar pains]. / Primenenie épidural'noi anal'gezii dlia kupirovaniia vyrazhennykh bolei v poiasnitse.

A combination of local anesthetics (2% lydokaine solution, 2 mg/kg; 0.5% bupivakaine solution, 0.4 mg/kg or 0.75% ropivakaine solution, 0.55 mg/kg), promedol (20 mg) and corticosteroids (125 mg hydrocortisone or 80 mg kenalog) was epidurally administered in 78 patients to arrest the pronounced root pain syndrome of the lumbar-sacral localization provoked by intervertebral disk hernias. The most prolonged analgesic effect was registered in groups, whose patients received bupivakaine or ropivakaine, which prevented the onset of pain before the antiinflammatory effect of corticosteroids started. The patient must be informed well in advance about the possibility of a momentary relapse of pains and about the intensification (at the same time moment) of pharmacotherapy prescribed by neuropathologist.

[Specific features of the macrophage formula of bronchoalveolar lavage in patients with destructive pulmonary tuberculosis]. / Osobennosti makrofagal'noi formuly bronkhoal'veoliarnogo smyva u bol'nykh destruktivnym tuberkulezom legkikh.

The macrophageal elements (ME) of bronchoalveolar lavage were cytologically and electron microscopically studied in 11 patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis who took antituberculous drugs during 3-6 months, which did not yield a significant clinical effect (Group 1) and in 24 patients with the disease who received inhaled C-BL during chemotherapy (Group 2). The drug was administered in a dose of 20 mg by a nebulizer every second day during 4-9 weeks. In Group 1, the high levels of young biosynthesizing (32.08 +/- 0.10) and mature secreting (11.50 +/- 0.70) ME were combined with the lower counts of phagocytizing macrophages (11.50 +/- 0.90). In Group 2, the specific features depended on the duration of C-BL use and after 20-28 inhalations their composition tended to normalize: biosynthesizing (18.30 +/- 1.05), secreting (5.80 +/- 0.95), and phagocytizing (47.20 +/- 1.05). In 19 patients from Group 2, the therapeutic effect was clinically regarded as positive.

[Critical state medicine. Surfactant therapy of adult respiratory distress syndrome (results of multicenter studies)]. / Meditsina kriticheskikh sostoianii. Surfaktant-terapiia respiratornogo distress-sindroma vzroslykh (rezul'taty mnogotsentrovykh ispytanii).

The paper provides evidence for the pathogenetic approach to treating acute lung lesion (ALL) and adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). An algorithm of the use of Russian lung surfactant preparations: CT-HL and CT-BL has been developed. In involves earlier (the first days following the onset of respiratory failure) use of surfactant, its combined bolus intratracheal or intrabronchial administration in doses of 200-400 mg/m2, followed by continuous (5-day) aerosol inhalation in doses of 20-30 mg/h for children and 30-75 mg/h for adults until pronounced clinical and X-ray effects are shown. Fifty three patients were found to develop ALL and ARDS in the presence of severe pneumonia, postperfusion lung disorders, reperfusion syndrome, pulmonary embolism, long-term artificial ventilation, combined car accident injury and gunshot wounds of the chest, heroine intoxication, septic shock, sepsis, postoperative sequels in cancer patients, and after hepatic transplantation or massive aspiration of gastric contents. Fifty patients were overcome their critical status, 44 survived. The duration of artificial ventilation (AV) ranged from 1 to 6 days. Earlier use of the drugs made it possible to transfer patients to safe AV regimens and to eliminate ALL and ARDS rapidly and to significantly reduce mortality due to critical states.

[The late effects of radiation on hematopoietic stem cells and the possibility of their modification]. / Pozdnie éffekty luchevogo vozdeistviia na stvolovye krovetvornye kletki i vozmozhnost' ikh modifikatsii.

In experiments with mice it has been found that a radioprotective agent, mexamine (two different forms), administered prior to a whole-body single exposure at a dose of LD0/30 increases the average life of animals and the number of exoCFUs 8 days and has no influence on the number of exoCFUs 12 days. Mexamine does not modify the decrease of haemopoietic colonies in sizes in recipients, mice survived acute radiation sickness being used as donors. The share of CFUs 8 days at the stage of DNA synthesis has been shown to increase with age, as well as in animals which lived for 14 months after irradiation.

[The radioprotective properties of the liposomal form of mexamine]. / Radiozashchitnye svoistva liposomnoi formy meksamina.

Encapsulation of mexamine (5 methoxytryptamine) in large monostratal lecithin-cholesterol liposomes was shown to cause a 1.4-fold reduction of acute toxicity of the preparation and to prolong its radioprotective efficacy from 15 min to 2 h.

[Comparison of the radiosensitizing action of metronidazole administered orally and locally]. / Sravnenie radiosensibiliziruiushchego deistviia metronidazola pri ego obshchem i mestnom primenenii.

A local injection of metronidazole dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide reinforces the damaging effect of ionizing radiation on RL-67 adenocarcinoma cells to the same degree as was observed after oral administration thereof. However, with local administration, the dose of the preparation may be 12.5 times reduced.

[Local use of metronidazole in dimethyl sulfoxide in the radiation therapy of cervical cancer]. / Lokal'noe primenenie metronidazola v dimetilsul'fokside pri luchevoi terapii raka sheiki matki.

A method of the local use of metronidazole dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) for cervix uteri cancer patients was worked out. Applications of 1-2 g of metronidazole were well tolerated by the patients. Metronidazole concentrations in cervical tumors were high (about 1000 micrograms/g), in the blood they did not exceed 16 micrograms/ml. Experiments showed that metronidazole in DMSO diffused in the tissue, its concentrations at a distance of 2-3 cm from the surface were 180-260 micrograms/g. The local use of metronidazole in DMSO caused an increase in the rate of tumor radiation regression.

[Modification of the action of ionizing radiation on cells of transplantable tumors by administering xanthobine]. / Modifikatsiia deistviia ioniziruiushche radiatsii na kletki perevivaemykh opukhole pri vvedenii ksantobina.

In experiments on mice it was established that the radiosensitizing effect of xanthobin was manifested by the enhancement of the inhibiting action of ionizing radiation on the growth of adenocarcinoma RL-67, diminution of the "shoulder" of the survival curve of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells, and increase in the average life of tumor-bearing animals.

[Radiomodifying action of 8-azahypoxanthine]. / Radiomodifitsiruiushchee deistvie 8-azagipoksantina.

In experiments on mice it was established that 8-azahypoxanthine has a slight radiosensitizing effect on haemopoietic stem cells and leucotic cells. The pattern of the changes observed has prompted an assumption that the preparation used has an inhibitory action on the post-irradiation recovery.