[The differential diagnosis of thyroid cancer using radioimmunologic analysis]. / Differentsial'naia diagnostika raka shchitovidnoi zhelezy s pomoshch'iu radioimmunologicheskogo analiza.

Clinical and radioimmunoassay investigations performed in 162 patients with different thyroid diseases, have shown that changes in the levels of T3, T4 and TSH do not allow assessment of the nature of a tumor process. The level of calcitonin is a tumor marker of medullary carcinoma and C-cell thyroid adenomas. In the absence of pathological changes in the thyroid an increase in the level of thyroglobulin can be regarded as a tumor marker of metastatic growth of papillary and papillary-follicular cancer.

[An ultrasonic study in the differential diagnosis of thyroid diseases]. / Ul'trazvukovoe issledovanie v differentsial'noi diagnostike zabolevanii shchitividnoi zhelezy.

The correlation of clinical, echo and morphological findings demonstrated ultrasound potentialities in the differential diagnosis of thyroid cancer. Ultrasound permitted the detection of nodes up to 3 cm in diameter. False-negative results were obtained in 6.5% of cases, there were no true false positive results. Adenomas are often characterized by mixed echogenicity of a node and hypoechogenic lining around it. Chronic nonspecific thyroid diseases are characterized by inhomogeneous echogenicity of the organ. Thyroid cancer is characterized by hypoechogenicity of a node with its inhomogeneous structure and irregular contours as if consisting of several nodules. The probability of malignancy grows with an increase in the number of these features combining in a particular patient.

[Standardization of diagnostic studies in thyroid diseases]. / Standartizatsiia diagnosticheskogo issledovaniia pri zabolevaniiakh shchitovidnoi zhelezy.

Standardized diagnosis of thyroid diseases includes 3 levels of diagnostic investigation proper based on the syndromic approach and distributed by 3 levels of providing medical care to population. At the 1st level of primary health care the use of "active" detectability ensures timely detection of symptomless thyroid cancer at early stages and early detection of the syndrome of its disturbance and makes it possible to start the prevention of functional and organic changes. At the second level of providing specialized medical care the role of adjuvant diagnostic methods acquires more importance (ultrasound investigations, radioimmunoassay, diagnostic puncture, thyroid lymphography) which are characterized by minimum dose formation, sufficient simplicity, reliability, low cost, a possibility to be widely employed in clinical practice, and safety. The 3rd level (scanning, endoscopy, angiography, CT, NMR) depends on the availability of expensive equipment employed in specialized clinical and diagnostic centers. The proposed algorithms of investigation can be changed in case of the appearance of new more informative and efficient diagnostic methods.

[Ultrasonic diagnosis of nodular lesions of the thyroid]. / Ul'trazvukovaia diagnostika uzlovykh porazhenii shchitovidnoi zhelezy.

Real-time echography was used for investigation of 100 patients with thyroid nodes. In order to determine the potentialities of differential diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid nodes by echography its findings were compared with the results of histological examination. Analysis of the accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of certain symptoms and their combinations made it possible to propose a combination of symptoms for differential diagnosis of benign and malignant nodular lesions of the thyroid with the accuracy of 80.6%, the sensitivity of 82.5%, and the specificity of 79.2%.

[Combined treatment of thyroid cancer metastases to the lungs in children and young people]. / Kompleksnoe lechenie metastazov raka shchitovidnoi zhelezy v legkie v detskom i iunosheskom vozraste.

Basing on a study of the results of therapy of 47 pediatric patients with thyroid cancer metastases to the lungs the authors worked out methods of hormono- and radiotherapy, specified indications for a volume of operations in locally spread primary tumor or regional metastases. The use of multimodality hormono- and radiotherapy of distant thyroid cancer metastases in children resulted in the 5-year survival rate of 90.9%.

[Thyrotoxicosis and thyroid cancer]. / O tireotoksikoze i rake shchitovidnoi zhelezy.

The paper is concerned with the results of examination of 41 of 407 thyroid cancer patients in whom cancer was combined with thyrotoxicosis. The succession of occurrence and possible ways of the development of this combination were considered. A study was made of the nature of endocrine changes in patients with thyroid cancer combined with thyrotoxicosis using clinical and laboratory methods. It was shown that the frequency of the combination of thyroid cancer with thyrotoxicosis made 10.1%; it was most common in women (92.68%).

[Modification of a radical operation for thyroid cancer to prevent parathyroid insufficiency]. / Modifikatsiia radikal'noi operatsii pri rake shchitovidnoi zhelezy s tsel'iu profilaktiki paratireoidnoi nedostatochnosti.

Application of a modified extrafascial procedure for thyroid cancer intended to preserve vascularization of parathyroid glands was followed by a significantly reduced incidence of postoperative hypoparathyrosis. The procedure may be recommended for integration with therapeutical practice at specialized surgical and cancer control establishments engaged in thyroid gland treatment.

[Experience in the cytological diagnosis of thyroid cancer in an endemic goiter area]. / Opyt tsitologicheskoi diagnostiki raka shchitovidnoi zhelezy v éndemichnoi po zobu oblasti.

Preoperative diagnosis of thyroid pathology was improved following a cytological examination of punctates from nodulated formations of the thyroid in patients living in goiter-endemic regions. Diagnosis of thyroid cancer was confirmed preoperatively in 78% of cases, which, in turn, warranted application of adequate surgical procedures.

[Thyroid activity in patients with thyroid neoplasms]. / Osobennosti tireoidnoi aktivnosti u bol'nykh opukholiami shchitovidnoi zhelezy.

Levels of thyroid hormones and thyrotropin in 58 cases of adenoma and 86 cases of cancer of the thyroid gland were assayed radioimmunologically. Secretory function of the thyroid gland was inhibited in cancer patients and increased in adenoma group. Due to feedback, peripheral blood--thyrotropin levels were lowered in adenoma patients and raised in the cancer group. The hormonal disturbances were not identical in males and females; they were more pronounced in patients with disseminated tumor aged 46-55. The latter finding points to a decline in thyroid function with aging.