[A case of eosinophilic gastroenteritis caused after the use of Seprafilm®].

Eosinophilic gastroenteritis is a fairly uncommon condition. It has been suggested that allergic reactions may have played a role in the development of this illness. The case of a 66-year-old woman who had a total hysterectomy due to a right ovarian tumor is described here. At this operation, a sodium hyaluronate carboxymethylcellulose bioresorbable membrane (Seprafilm®) was used. She was admitted to our hospital 47 days after the operation with abdominal pain. Laboratory data indicated elevated WBC (29450/µl) and eosinophilia (69.2%), and CT scan showed thickening of intestinal wall and ascites around there. Ascites cytology showed a significant increase of eosinophils (94.0%). She began taking oral steroids after being diagnosed with eosinophilic gastroenteritis, and her symptoms improved quickly. Despite the fact that Seprafilm® was thought to be a reliable and safe tool, it was suggested that a foreign body reaction to Seprafilm® could lead to eosinophilic gastroenteritis.

Oral Zinc Supplementation Decreases the Risk of HCC Development in Patients With HCV Eradicated by DAA.

We have reported that the plasma zinc concentration gradually decreases with the progression of fibrosis and is related to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of the zinc concentration on HCC development (study 1) and the relationship between zinc intake and HCC development (study 2) in patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) eradicated by direct-acting antivirals (DAAs). A total of 599 sustained virological response (SVR) patients treated with DAAs without a history of HCC were retrospectively analyzed in this study. Eighty patients received supplemental zinc (Zn treatment group), and 519 patients did not receive zinc (no Zn treatment group). In study 1, the cumulative incidence rate of HCC was compared between the Zn treatment group and the no Zn treatment group. In study 2, the risk factors for HCC development were examined in the no Zn treatment group. In study 1, in the Zn treatment group, HCC did not develop during follow-up, and the cumulative risk of HCC was significantly lower in the Zn treatment group than in the no Zn treatment group (P = 0.048). In study 2, the 1-year and 3-year cumulative incidence rates of HCC were 1.8% and 5.6%, respectively. The risk factors for HCC identified by multivariate analysis were male sex, cirrhosis, low platelet count before treatment, and low serum zinc concentration 12 weeks after the end of DAA therapy. Conclusion: The Zn concentration is related to HCC development in patients with HCV eradicated by DAA therapy. Oral zinc supplementation is recommended as a means of suppressing HCC development in patients who have achieved SVR.

Gastric xanthoma is correlated with early gastric cancer of previously Helicobacter pylori-infected gastric mucosa.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Successful Helicobacter pylori eradication has been shown to prevent the development of gastric cancer (GC), but clinical evidence for factors that correlate with GC of previously H. pylori-infected gastric mucosa (after eradication or natural disappearance) is limited. The purpose of our study was to identify these correlative factors. METHODS: We retrospectively examined data from patients with previously H. pylori-infected gastric mucosa. Data from 168 patients who developed early GC and underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection (Group C) and 835 patients with no history of early GC (Group NC) were compared. We extracted data on gender; age; complications from malignant disease and diabetes mellitus; American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status classification; and endoscopic characteristics of atrophy (open type), intestinal metaplasia, and gastric xanthoma (GX). Correlations were determined with multivariate logistic regression analysis and propensity score matching. RESULTS: A significantly higher proportion of patients had GX in Group C than in Group NC. Age, male gender, ASA physical status classification of class III or higher, complications from malignant disease, atrophy (open type), and the presence of intestinal metaplasia and GX were identified as factors that correlated independently with GC (odds ratio = 3.65; 95% confidence interval = 2.37-5.61; P < 0.0001). Propensity score matching demonstrated that the prevalence of GC was also significantly higher in patients who were positive for GX (37.2% vs 18.3%; P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: GX was shown to correlate with early GC of previously H. pylori-infected gastric mucosa.

[Multiple gastric adenocarcinoma of fundic gland type after H. pylori eradication: a case report].

A 70-year-old woman received H. pylori eradication therapy in March, 201X-12. She was admitted to our department because early gastric cancer was detected on esophagogastroduodenoscopy, and we performed endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) in June, 201X-2. The final diagnosis was well-differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma. Afterwards, we performed ESD two times (in November, 201X-1, and in March, 201X), and final diagnoses were both adenocarcinoma of fundic gland type.

Synchronous Three Gastric Fundic Gland Polyps with Low-grade Dysplasia Treated with Endoscopic Mucosal Resection after Being Diagnosed to Be Tubular Adenocarcinoma Based on a Biopsy Specimen.

A 51-year-old woman had been taking proton pump inhibitor since August 2008. In May, 2016, endoscopic findings showed no atrophy and no intestinal metaplasia in the stomach, and multiple fundic gland polyps were identified in the stomach. A biopsy of a pedunculated polyp measuring 10 millimeters in diameter at the greater curvature of the middle gastric body demonstrated well differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma. In July 2016, we treated this lesion and two other semipedunculated polyps located near the first polyp and also measuring 10 mm in diameter by endoscopic mucosal resection. The final diagnosis of all lesions was a fundic gland polyp with low grade dysplasia and the cutting end was negative.

[Curative endoscopic submucosal dissection of laterally spreading sporadic tumor in ulcerative colitis:a case report].

A 60-year-old man visited our department because of watery diarrhea that lasted for several months. On colonoscopy, we diagnosed him as ulcerative colitis. Additionally, a laterally spreading tumor (non-granular type) was discovered in the rectum above the peritoneal reflection (Ra). The patient was initially treated with 5-aminosalicylic acid. Four months later, endoscopic submucosal dissection was performed. Histopathology examination showed a sporadic tubular adenoma. Complete en bloc resection was performed.

Gastric Xanthoma Is a Predictive Marker for Early Gastric Cancer Detected after Helicobacter pylori Eradication.

Objective The detection of early gastric cancer (GC) after Helicobacter pylori eradication is expected to increase in Japan. However, the predictive markers for early GC detected after H. pylori eradication have not been extensively studied. We conducted a retrospective, single-center observational study to investigate the predictive markers for early GC detected after H. pylori eradiation. Methods A total of 421 patients underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection for early GC at NTT West Osaka Hospital between June 2006 and August 2017. Data from patients with GC (Group C; n=70) and without GC (Group NC; n=114) after H. pylori eradication were analyzed. Results The proportion of men was significantly higher in Group C than in Group NC (92.9% vs. 65.8%; p<0.0001). Complications with other malignant diseases were more prevalent in Group C than in Group NC. A significantly greater proportion of patients had gastric xanthoma (GX) in Group C than in Group NC (64.3% vs. 14.9%; p<0.0001). Regarding scores for endoscopic findings related to the risk of GC, the atrophy score, intestinal metaplasia score and total score were significantly higher in Group C than in Group NC. A multivariate logistic regression analysis identified male sex, atrophy (open type), the presence of intestinal metaplasia and GX as independent predictors for early GC detected after H. pylori eradication. An atrophy-matched control analysis also identified GX as an independent predictor. Conclusion GX is a novel predictive marker for early GC detected after H. pylori eradication.

Gastric xanthoma is a predictive marker for metachronous and synchronous gastric cancer.

AIM: To investigate predictive markers for metachronous and synchronous gastric cancer (GC), which can develop after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). METHODS: A total of 352 patients underwent ESD for early GC at NTT West Osaka Hospital between June 2006 and February 2016. Exclusion criteria were as follows: Remnant stomach, unknown Helicobacter pylori status, and endoscopic observation of the whole stomach outside our hospital. We analyzed data from 192 patients comprising 109 patients with solitary GC (Group A) and 83 with metachronous and synchronous GC (Group B). We retrospectively investigated the clinicopathological and endoscopic characteristics, and endoscopic risk score as predictive markers for GC. RESULTS: The median age of Group B [72 years (interquartile range 63-78)] was significantly higher than that of Group A [66 years (interquartile range 61-74), respectively, P = 0.0009]. The prevalence of intestinal metaplasia in Group B tended to be higher than that in Group A (57.8% vs 45.0%, P = 0.08). The prevalence of gastric xanthoma (GX) in Group B was significantly higher than that in Group A (54.2% vs 32.1%, P = 0.003). The atrophy score in Group B was significantly higher than that in Group A (P = 0.005). Multivariate analysis revealed that higher age and the presence of GX were independently related to metachronous and synchronous GC [OR = 1.04 (1.01-1.08), P = 0.02; and OR = 2.11 (1.14-3.99), P = 0.02, respectively]. CONCLUSION: The presence of GX is a useful predictive marker for metachronous and synchronous GC.

A well-differentiated early gastric cancer in a patient confirmed negative for Helicobacter pylori.

A woman in her 70s was an outpatient at our hospital. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed a slightly elevated lesion with erosion, 10mm in diameter, located at the greater curvature of the antrum. Helicobacter pylori testing yielded negative results, and there was no atrophy of the gastric mucosa. Biopsy revealed a well-differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma. Complete en bloc resection was performed via endoscopic submucosal dissection, in accordance with the current Japanese guidelines. The gastric adenocarcinoma of the fundic gland type and coexisting with a hyperplastic or fundic gland polyp was negative according to the histological examination.

[A case of paralytic ileus associated with varicella zoster virus infection].

A 79-year-old woman with a history of pyothorax was admitted with a 4-day history of abdominal distension. Physical examination revealed marked abdominal distention, absent bowel sounds, and a vesicular rash over the left Th8-10 dermatome. Abdominal radiography showed gaseous distension of the colon and ileum. Colonoscopy excluded any obstructive process of the colon. Laboratory findings yielded positive results for serum IgM and IgG against the varicella zoster virus (VZV) . Paralytic ileus associated with the VZV was therefore diagnosed. The ileus improved after conservative treatment with intravenous acyclovir. Although shingles is frequently encountered, it is a rare cause of paralytic ileus. In the future, the VZV should be considered as one of the causes of paralytic ileus, and complete resolution can be achieved with conservative management.