Validation of a convolutional neural network for the automated creation of curved planar reconstruction images along the main pancreatic duct.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the accuracy and time-efficiency of newly developed software in automatically creating curved planar reconstruction (CPR) images along the main pancreatic duct (MPD), which was developed based on a 3-dimensional convolutional neural network, and compare them with those of conventional manually generated CPR ones. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 100 consecutive patients with MPD dilatation (≥ 3 mm) who underwent contrast-enhanced computed tomography between February 2021 and July 2021 were included in the study. Two radiologists independently performed blinded qualitative analysis of automated and manually created CPR images. They rated overall image quality based on a four-point scale and weighted κ analysis was employed to compare between manually created and automated CPR images. A quantitative analysis of the time required to create CPR images and the total length of the MPD measured from CPR images was performed. RESULTS: The κ value was 0.796, and a good correlation was found between the manually created and automated CPR images. The average time to create automated and manually created CPR images was 61.7 s and 174.6 s, respectively (P < 0.001). The total MPD length of the automated and manually created CPR images was 110.5 and 115.6 mm, respectively (P = 0.059). CONCLUSION: The automated CPR software significantly reduced reconstruction time without compromising image quality.

An air-locking port and high-flow nasal cannula in non-intubated uniportal video-assisted thoracic surgery for pneumothorax with pulmonary dysfunction: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Non-intubated video-assisted thoracic surgery is a therapeutic option for intractable secondary spontaneous pneumothorax in patients who are poor candidates for surgery with endotracheal intubation under general anesthesia. However, intraoperative respiratory management in this surgery is often challenging because of hypoxia caused by surgical pneumothorax. CASE PRESENTATION: A 75-year-old man with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis who had been on home oxygen therapy underwent non-intubated uniportal video-assisted thoracic surgery for intractable spontaneous pneumothorax. During the operation, oxygen was administered using a high-flow nasal cannula at a high flow rate. An air-locking port for single-incision surgery was used to minimize the inflow of air into the pleural cavity. The intrapleural air was continuously suctioned through the chest tube. The air-leak point was easily identified and closed using ligation. Oxygenation was satisfactory throughout the operation. CONCLUSIONS: Non-intubated uniportal video-assisted thoracic surgery for secondary spontaneous pneumothorax with an air-locking port, continuous pleural suction, and high-flow nasal cannula may achieve satisfactory intraoperative oxygenation in patients with respiratory dysfunction. The intrapleural space can be feasible for surgical manipulation without surgical pneumothorax in non-intubated video-assisted thoracic surgery even when supplied with oxygen at a high flow rate using a high-flow nasal cannula.

Thoracoscopic surgery under local anesthesia for high-risk intractable secondary spontaneous pneumothorax.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the outcomes of thoracoscopic surgery for intractable secondary spontaneous pneumothorax (SSP) under local anesthesia in high-risk patients and report intraoperative findings useful for identifying air leakage points. METHODS: We analyzed outcomes of 14 consecutive thoracoscopic operations under local anesthesia for high-risk SSP from 2015 to 2019. Suspicious lesions were determined based on intraoperative direct or indirect detections. Direct detection involved identifying pleural fistulas or air bubbles. Indirect detection involved finding thin and transparent bullae without any other suspicious lesions. Identifications of culprit lesions were confirmed by arrest or significant decrease in air leakage after surgical repair. All surgical repairs were followed by immediate single pleurodesis for a definitive cure and prevention of recurrence. Success was defined as the removal of the thoracic tube by surgical repair combined with immediate postoperative single pleurodesis. RESULTS: The main underlying pulmonary diseases were emphysema (n = 7), carcinoma (n = 3), interstitial pneumonia (IP) (n = 3), and nontuberculous mycobacterial infection (n = 1). A leakage point was identified in 13 cases (six on direct and seven on indirect detections). Success was achieved in nine cases (four on direct and five on indirect detections). Adverse events included one case of acute exacerbation of IP and one case of carbon dioxide narcosis. CONCLUSION: Thoracoscopic surgery under local anesthesia can be the worthwhile definitive modality, among few remaining treatments, for highly fragile patients with SSP. Detecting air leakage directly and the presence of thin and transparent bullae without any other suspicious lesions can be clues for identifying culprit lesions.

Simple chest closure of open window thoracostomy for postpneumonectomy empyema: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Management of postpneumonectomy empyema requires comprehensive strategies, especially when the condition is associated with large bronchopleural fistulae. We report a case involving the simple chest closure of open window thoracostomy with remaining residual space. CASE PRESENTATION: We performed open window thoracostomy for empyema with a huge bronchial stump dehiscence after right pneumonectomy for a large lung cancer. We definitively closed the chest window infected with chronic persistent Pseudomonas aeruginosa via a simple chest closure technique with the remaining residual space, after repairing the bronchial dehiscence using an omental flap and the appearance of healthy granulation tissue throughout the cavity. The patient died of recurrent cancer 10 months after the definitive chest closure. Until the patient died, there were no symptoms or signs suggestive of recurrent empyema. CONCLUSION: This simple chest closure technique allows "silent empyema" to be observed carefully, is less invasive, and can even be applied to cases of recurrent cancer.

Immunotherapy for advanced lung cancer combined with surgery for mediastinal myxofibrosarcoma: a case report.

BACKGROUND: It is unclear whether simultaneous primary neoplasm resection and immunotherapy for advanced lung cancer is safe. We report a case of an elderly man with advanced lung cancer and myxofibrosarcoma. CASE PRESENTATION: The advanced lung cancer was treated with pembrolizumab, and partial response was achieved in 3 months. However, the mediastinal cyst enlarged rapidly. We resected the mediastinal tumor and diagnosed it as myxofibrosarcoma. The postoperative course was uneventful. Immunotherapy was resumed after the operation without any adverse effects. No recurrence of mediastinal sarcoma or progression of lung cancer was found until the patient died in an accident 8 months after surgery. CONCLUSION: Surgery for mediastinal sarcoma could be performed safely in combination with immunotherapy for advanced lung cancer.

[Clear Cell Tumor of the Lung Showing Gradual Growth for 6 years].

Clear cell tumor of the lung (CCTL) is a rare benign tumor that originates from the lung. We report a case of CCTL which had grown for 6 years. The patient was a 25-year-old woman and her chest roentgenogram detected a well-circumscribed coin-like shadow in the left lower lung field. Its size was 30 mm in diameter at consultation, and retrospectively we recognized a nodule of 13 mm in diameter in the same location on the health checkup roentgenogram 6 years before. The growth of the tumor suggested the possibility of malignancy, and the tumor was surgically resected by partial resection of the lung. Post operative course was uneventful. The tumor was clearly separated from pulmonary parenchyma, and was immunohistochemically diagnosed as CCTL.