RESUMO
Biomedical applications for metal and metal oxide nanoparticles are rapidly increasing. Here their functional impact on two well-characterized model enzymes, Luciferase (Luc) or ß-galactosidase (ß-Gal) was quantitatively compared. Nickel oxide nanoparticle (NiO-NP) activated ß-Gal (>400% control) and boron carbide nanoparticle (B4C-NP) inhibited Luc(<10% control), whereas zinc oxide (ZnO-NP) and cobalt oxide (Co3O4-NP) activated ß-Gal to a lesser extent and magnesium oxide (MgO) moderately inhibited both enzymes. Melanoma specific killing was in the order; ZnO > B4C ≥ Cu > MgO > Co3O4 > Fe2O3 > NiO, ZnO-NP inhibiting B16F10 and A375 cells as well as ERK enzyme (>90%) and several other cancer-associated kinases (AKT, CREB, p70S6K). ZnO-NP or nanobelt (NB) serve as photoluminescence (PL) cell labels and inhibit 3-D multi-cellular tumor spheroid (MCTS) growth and were tested in a mouse melanoma model. These results demonstrate nanoparticle and enzyme specific biochemical activity and suggest their utility as new tools to explore the important model metastatic foci 3-D environment and their chemotherapeutic potential.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Melanoma Experimental/metabolismo , Nanopartículas Metálicas/química , Esferoides Celulares/efeitos dos fármacos , Óxido de Zinco/farmacologia , Animais , Antineoplásicos/química , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Luciferases/análise , Luciferases/efeitos dos fármacos , Luciferases/metabolismo , Metais Pesados/farmacologia , Camundongos , Óxido de Zinco/química , beta-Galactosidase/análise , beta-Galactosidase/efeitos dos fármacos , beta-Galactosidase/metabolismoRESUMO
We demonstrate the use of cysteine-modified polymer nanofibers for the rapid and efficient removal of Cr(III) from real tannery waste water samples. Various parameters such as pH, load of nanofibers and time of exposure were optimized to achieve maximum removal. The optimum parameters were found to be 0.1 mg of nanofibers per mL of tannery waste water with a pH of 5.5 and an exposure time of 45 min. Almost 99% Cr(III) was removed at these ideal conditions thus demonstrating the efficacy of our material. The maximum removal capacity at these ideal conditions was estimated to be approximately 1.75 g of chromium/gram of polymeric material. This is probably due to a variety of factors including the apparent high surface to volume ratio exhibited by these nanofibers and also due to the availability of numerous cysteine groups that are known to have high binding affinities with heavy metal ions. These nanoscale polymeric materials show great potential towards the removal of heavy metal cations from waste waters.