Acidic Leucine-Rich Nuclear Protein Phosphatase 32B Promotes Prostate Adenocarcinoma Cell Progression by Regulating Apoptosis and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition.

Objective: This work aimed to investigate the expression of acidic leucine-rich nuclear protein phosphatase 32B (ANP32B) in prostate adenocarcinoma (PRAD) and evaluate the effect of ANP32B on the proliferation of prostate adenocarcinoma cells. Methods: We evaluated the expression of ANP32B in PRAD tissues and cells compared to the controls obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). siRNA targeting ANP32B was transfected into DU145 cells to knockdown the ANP32B expression and plasmids carrying ANP32B coding region were used to overexpress ANP32B in PC3 cells. We analyze the knockdown or overexpression efficiency of ANP32B with quantitative reverse-transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) and Western blot. CCK-8 assay, cell colony formation assay, transwell assay, and EdU labeling were performed to investigate the function of ANP32B on the progression of PRAD. Finally, the expression of the cell cycle marker, apoptosis marker, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) marker were detected by Western blot. Results: ANP32B expression was upregulated in PRAD samples compared to normal samples. Exogenous ANP32B overexpression promoted cell viability, cell colony formation, 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) incorporation, and cell migration. Inhibition of ANP32B suppressed cell proliferation, growth, and migration. At the molecular level, the genes promoting cell growth and migration, including cyclin D1 and N-cadherin, were significantly upregulated after ANP32B overexpression, whereas those inhibiting cell growth and migration such as cleaved caspase 3 and E-cadherin were downregulated. Conclusion: The tumor-promoting function of ANP32B can be attributed to its capacity to facilitate cell progression, and it may be considered as a therapeutic marker for PRAD therapy.

Granulomatous Inflammation of Greater Omentum Caused by a Migrating Fishbone.

Fishbone is the most common ingested gastrointestinal foreign matter and is less than 1% perforate. However, a fishbone penetrating the gastrointestinal tract and causing granulomatous inflammation of the greater omentum with local suppuration is not common. Because of the nonspecific clinical symptoms, gastrointestinal perforation may be manifested only as dull abdominal pain, which is often ignored and timely clinical treatment may be delayed. We report a case of a 61-year male who experienced intermittent right median ventral abdominal pain for half a year. These symptoms were the result of granulomatous inflammation of the greater omentum with local suppuration caused by a migrating fishbone (3.5 cm in length). Finally, the fishbone was removed by exploratory laparotomy. Key Words: Fishbone, Gastrointestinal perforation, Greater omentum, Granulomatous inflammation, Laparotomy.

MiR-22-3p Suppresses Cell Migration and Invasion by Targeting PLAGL2 in Breast Cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of miR-22-3p in breast cancer and the mechanism of targeting PLAGL2 to inhibit the invasion and migration in human breast cancer. STUDY DESIGN: An experimental study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: Department of Oncology and Department of General Surgery, The People's Hospital of China Three Gorges University, China, from March 2019 to December 2020. METHODOLOGY: The miR-22-3p expression level in 41 paired human primary breast invasive ductal carcinoma tissues and para-cancer tissues was obtained by real-time fluorescence quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR). The effect of miR-22-3p on the proliferation of breast cancer cells was detected by growth curve method. Online software TargetScan was used to predict the target genes of miR-22-3p. The prediction results were verified by luciferase reporter gene assay and qRT⁃PCR. RESULTS: MiR-22-3p expression was significantly decreased in the breast cancer tissues than in para⁃carcinoma normal breast tissues (p<0.05). Over-expression of miR-22-3p can inhibit the proliferation of MCF-7 cells significantly. Pleomorphic adenoma gene-like protein 2(PLAGL2) is the predicted target gene of miR-22-3p. MiR-22-3p binds to its predicted target gene PLAGL2-3'UTR. The expression of miR-22-3p was negatively correlated with PLAGL2 in MCF-7 cells. CONCLUSION: MiR-22-3p could suppress the proliferation of breast cancer by targeting PLAGL2. This suggests that miR-22-3p may be a strategy of choice for targeted therapy of breast cancer. Key Words: Breast cancer, MiR-22-3p, PLAGL2, Cell proliferation.

[Research progress of intramedullary lengthening nail technology].

OBJECTIVE: To review the research progress of intramedullary lengthening nail technology. METHODS: The foreign literature on the development history, types, advantages and disadvantages, indications and contraindications, complications, and effectiveness of intramedullary lengthening nail were reviewed and analyzed. RESULTS: The intramedullary lengthening nail system mainly includes mechanical type, electric motor drive type, and magnetic drive type. Compared with traditional external fixation and lengthening technology, the intramedullary lengthening nail technology has certain advantages in incidence of complications, bone healing, postoperative functional rehabilitation, incision aesthetics, convenience, and patient satisfaction. However, there are also shortcomings, such as pain, uncontrollable distraction rate, device failure, etc. In the clinical application of intramedullary lengthening nails for limb lengthening, the indications should be grasped reasonably, and the related complications should be prevented and treated. CONCLUSION: Intramedullary lengthening nails provide a new option for limb lengthening, and the initial effectiveness is good. It is one of the development direction of limb lengthening technology.

Ethylene and salicylic acid synergistically accelerate leaf senescence in Arabidopsis.

The phytohormones ethylene and salicylic acid (SA) have long been known to promote senescence, but their interplay during this process remains elusive. Here we report the synergistic effects of ethylene and SA on promoting leaf senescence in Arabidopsis. EIN3, a key transcription factor of ethylene signaling, physically interacted with the core SA signaling regulator NPR1 in senescing leaves. EIN3 and NPR1 synergistically promoted the expression of the senescence-associated genes ORE1 and SAG29. The senescence phenotype was more delayed for the ein3eil1npr1 triple mutant than ein3eil1 or npr1 with ethylene or/and SA treatment. NPR1-promoted leaf senescence may depend on functional EIN3/EIL1.

The transcription factor ZmNAC126 accelerates leaf senescence downstream of the ethylene signalling pathway in maize.

Leaf senescence is an integral part of plant development, during which, nutrients are remobilized from senescent leaves to fast-growing organs. The initiation and progression dynamics of leaf senescence is therefore vital not only to the maximal accumulation of assimilates but also to the efficient remobilization of nutrients. Senescence is a finely tuned process that involves the action of a large number of transcription factors (TFs). The NAC TFs play critical roles in regulating leaf senescence in Arabidopsis, wheat, rice and tomato. Here, we identified a NAC TF, ZmNAC126 that is responsive to leaf senescence in maize. Ectopic overexpression of ZmNAC126 in Arabidopsis and maize enhanced chlorophyll degradation and promoted leaf senescence. Electrophoretic mobility shift and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed that ZmNAC126 could directly bind to the promoters of major chlorophyll catabolic genes in maize. Dual-luciferase assay in maize protoplasts indicated that ZmNAC126 positively regulates these chlorophyll catabolic genes in maize. Moreover, ZmNAC126 could be induced by ethylene, and ZmEIN3, a major TF of ethylene signalling, could bind to its promoter to transactivate its expression. Taken together, ZmNAC126 may play a pivotal role in regulating natural and ethylene-triggered leaf senescence in maize.

Prognostic role of pretreatment lactate dehydrogenase in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: To date, there remain uncertainties over the prognostic role of serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eligible studies were retrieved from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science databases up to October 2019. The endpoints included overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Multivariable adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to evaluate each endpoint. RESULTS: Thirty observational studies of low to moderate risk of bias embracing 6754 patients with mRCC were included. The results showed that patients with a high pretreatment serum LDH had an inferior OS (HR: 2.15, 95% CI: 1.85-2.51; P < 0.001) and PFS (HR: 1.76, 95% CI: 1.49-2.10; P < 0.001). Subgroup analyses according to year of publication, study design, patient population, geographic region, sample size and NOS score did not alter the direction of results. There was significant publication bias for OS, but not for PFS. Sensitivity analyses further confirmed the robustness of the results. CONCLUSION: Our findings indicated that a high level of pretreatment serum LDH was associated with an inferior OS and DFS in patients with mRCC. Methodological limitations should be considered while interpreting these results.

A new water treatment technology for degradation of B[a]A by hydrodynamic cavitation and chlorine dioxide oxidation.

Managing environmental contamination with Benz[a]anthracene (B[a]A) is essential due to its carcinogenic, teratogenic and mutagenic effects on humans and the environment. At present, the mainly B[a]A degradation methods used are photodegradation, bioremediation and traditional advanced oxidation, although they all have disadvantages. In this study, B[a]A was degraded by hydrodynamic cavitation (HC), chlorine dioxide (ClO2), or an innovative combination of the two methods. According to high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysed the degradation products and degradation pathway of B[a]A, with the kinetics of different degradation methods discussed. Under optimal conditions, HC combined with ClO2 oxidation can further degrade products to achieve ring cleavage. Compared with the two separate degradation process methods, the combined method exerts a synergistic effect on the degradation of B[a]A, with an enhancement factor of 1.48. Experimental results showed that the combination method can realize enhanced complete degradation of B[a]A, reduce ClO2 requirements, improve efficiency, reduce energy consumption and produce less harmful products with ring cleavage achieved.

Predicting factors related with uncured hypertension after retroperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy for unilateral primary aldosteronism.

Although unilateral primary aldosteronism (PA) is the most common surgically correctable cause of hypertension, the cure rate varies widely. The predicting factors related to uncured hypertension are not completely established. This study was designed to determine predicting factors associated with resolution of hypertension after adrenalectomy for PA.The records of unilateral PA patients who had undergone retroperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy were retrospectively reviewed from January 2010 to December 2017 in a single center. Patient demographics and preoperative factors were analyzed, including age, sex, smoking history, family history of hypertension, the presence of diabetes, body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, biochemical results and tumor characteristics. Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis were used for statistical assessment.126 patients with unilateral PA were enrolled, and the mean age at the time of surgery was 54.2 years. Of these patients, 74 (58.7%) were women, and the mean BMI and duration of hypertension were 26 kg/m and 61 months, respectively. Hypertension was cured in 46% patients, of the patients with uncured hypertension, 91% had improved control of hypertension. In univariate analysis, age (P = .03), BMI (P = .01), duration of hypertension >5 years (P = .03), preoperative antihypertensive agents>2 (P = .02), contralateral abnormalities (P = .03) were the main factors related to uncured hypertension after adrenalectomy. In multivariate regression analysis, uncured hypertension was independently associated with obesity (25.00-29.99: odds ratio [OR], 2.97, P < .02; ≥30: OR, 6.42, P < .01), duration of hypertension >5 years (OR, 6.25, P < .01), preoperative antihypertensive agents >2 (OR, 5.30, P < .001), and contralateral adrenal abnormalities (OR, 8.38, P < .01).The hypertension cure rate of unilateral adrenalectomy in PA is not high. Obesity, duration of hypertension >5 years, preoperative antihypertensive agents >2 and contralateral adrenal abnormalities were independently associated with uncured hypertension.

Pre-existing type 2 diabetes is an adverse prognostic factor in patients with renal cell carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Diabetes is a risk factor for various cancers, but its prognostic role in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is controversial and understudied. This study investigated the prognostic value of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in RCC patients. METHODS: The clinicopathological and follow-up data of 451 RCC patients undergoing radical or partial nephrectomy at the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University from 2013 to 2018 were reviewed. Associations of T2D with clinicopathological parameters of RCC were evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier method for survival estimates and Cox regression univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: Of 451 patients, 74 (16.4%) had T2D. These patients were older, had a higher body mass index, higher incidence rates of hypertension and cardiovascular morbidity, a higher rate of laparoscopic surgery, and smaller neoplasms (all P < .05). Patients with T2D exhibited shorter overall survival (OS; P = .009), cancer-specific survival (CSS; P = .043), and recurrence-free survival (RFS; P = .008) than patients without T2D. Fuhrman grade (hazard ratio [HR] 2.542, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.115-5.795, P = .026) and T2D (HR 3.391, CI 1.458-7.886, P = .005) were independent predictors of OS; T2D was an independent predictor of CSS (HR = 4.637, 95% CI 1.420-15.139, P = .011) and RFS (HR 3.492, 95% CI 1.516-8.044, P = .003). CONCLUSIONS: Renal cell carcinoma patients with T2D have a shorter OS and higher recurrence rate and mortality risk than those without T2D.