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PURPOSE: Surgery for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is characterized by a poor prognosis and high complication rate, resulting in a heavy symptom burden and poor health-related quality of life (QOL). We evaluated longitudinal patient-reported outcomes (PROs) to analyze the correlations between symptoms and QOL and their changing characteristics during postoperative rehabilitation. METHODS: We investigated patients with ESCC who underwent minimally invasive McKeown esophagectomy at Sichuan Cancer Hospital between April 2019 and December 2019. Longitudinal data of the clinical characteristics and PROs were collected. The MD Anderson Symptom Inventory and European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) QOL questionnaires were used to assess symptoms and QOL and compare the trajectories of PROs during the investigation. RESULTS: A total of 244 patients with ESCC were enrolled in this study. Regarding QOL, role and emotional functions returned to baseline at 1 month after surgery, and cognitive and social functions returned to baseline at 3 months after surgery. However, physical function and global QOL did not return to baseline at 1 year after surgery. At 7 days and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery, the main symptoms of the patients were negatively correlated with physical, role, emotional, cognitive, and social functions and the overall health status (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Patients with ESCC experience reduced health-related QOL and persisting symptoms after minimally invasive McKeown esophagectomy, but a recovery trend was observed within 1 month. The long-term QOL after esophagectomy is acceptable.
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Neoplasias Esofágicas , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas do Esôfago , Humanos , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas do Esôfago/cirurgia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas do Esôfago/complicações , Qualidade de Vida , Neoplasias Esofágicas/cirurgia , Neoplasias Esofágicas/patologia , Esofagectomia/efeitos adversos , Exame Físico , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
There are still many unresolved problems in the treatment and prognosis of nondisplaced femoral neck fractures, such as nonunion and avascular necrosis of the caput femoris .In order to reduce the risk of various complications after non-displaced femoral neck fractures, the caput femoris posterior tilt of femoral neck fractures and its impact on prognosis have attracted more and more attention. A large number of scholars' studies have found that when the posterior tilt exceeds 20°, the risk of internal fixation failure increases significantly. Based on this concept, we can choose to use primary artificial joint replacement instead of three-screw internal fixation according to the different posterior tilt angles of patients to reduce the incidence of postoperative complications. At the same time, our analysis found that comminution of the posterior segment of the femoral neck would lead to an increase in the posterior inclination angles. The purpose of this review was to investigate the relationship between caput femoris posterior tilt of femoral neck fractures and surgical outcome, and to introduce a new method for measuring caput femoris posterior tilt of the femoral neck.
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Fraturas do Colo Femoral , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Humanos , Prognóstico , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Fraturas do Colo Femoral/cirurgia , Fraturas do Colo Femoral/complicações , Colo do Fêmur , Reoperação , Fixação Interna de Fraturas/métodos , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is an inflammatory factor with an extensive range of biological effects and pleiotropic roles in diseases. Evidence suggests that IL-33 and its receptor ST2 play a pivotal role in chronic pain and itch at the level of primary sensory neurons, the spinal cord, and the brain. In this review, we outline an evolving understanding of the roles and mechanisms of IL-33 in chronic pathological pain, including inflammatory, neuropathic, and cancer, and chronic pruritus, such as allergic contact dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, and dry skin. Understanding the key roles of IL-33/ST2 signaling may provide exciting insights into the mechanisms of chronic pain and itch and lead to new clues for therapeutic approaches to the resolution of chronic pain and itch.
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Purpose: The applicability of mRNA vaccines against esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains unclear. Here, we identified potential antigens for developing mRNA vaccines against ESCC and characterized immune subtypes to select appropriate patients for vaccination. Methods: RNA-seq, genetic alteration data, and corresponding clinical information of ESCC patients were obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The RNA-seq data of normal esophageal tissue were obtained from the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) database. Potential tumor antigens were screened by analyzing differentially expressed and mutated genes and potential antigens with significant differences in prognosis were screened using the Kaplan-Meier method. The proportion of immune cell infiltration in the tumor microenvironment was estimated using CIBERSORT and MCPcounter, and the correlation of potential antigens with antigen-presenting cells and major histocompatibility complex class II was analyzed. Subsequently, immune subtypes were constructed using consensus clustering analysis and characterized by single-sample gene set enrichment analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). The Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer (GDSC) database was used to analyze the drug sensitivity of different immune subtypes. Results: Four overexpressed and mutated tumor antigens associated with antigen presentation and poor prognosis were identified in ESCC, including NLRC5, FCRL4, TMEM229B, and LCP2. By consensus clustering, we identified two immune-associated ESCC subtypes, immune subtype 1 (IS1) and immune subtype 2 (IS2); the prognosis of the two subtypes was statistically different. In addition, the two immune subtypes had distinctly different cellular, molecular, and clinical characteristics. IS1 patients have a distinct immune "hot" phenotype with strong immune tolerance, whereas patients with IS2 have an immune "cold" phenotype. Differential expression of immune checkpoints and immunogenic cell death modulators was observed between the different immune subtypes. Finally, we found that IS1 and IS2 patients showed different drug sensitivities to common anti-tumor drugs, possibly facilitating the development of individualized treatment regimens for patients. Conclusion: NLRC5, LCP2, TMEM229B, and FCRL4 are potential antigens for ESCC mRNA vaccines, and such vaccines may be more suitable for IS2 patients. This study provides a theoretical basis for mRNA vaccines against ESCC, by identifying the critical characteristics to predict ESCC prognosis and select suitable patients for vaccination.
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Recent evidence indicates that the abnormal differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. LncRNA SNHG1 has been found to be associated with the differentiation ability of BMSCs. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the role of lncRNA SNHG1 and its associated pathway on the differentiation of BMSCs in osteoporosis. Mice that underwent bilateral ovariectomy (OVX) were used as models of osteoporosis. Induced osteogenic or adipogenic differentiation was performed in mouse BMSCs. Compared to sham animals, lncRNA SNHG1 expression was upregulated in OVX mice. Also, the in vitro expression of SNHG1 was increased in adipogenic BMSCs but decreased in osteogenic BMSCs. Moreover, overexpression of SNHG1 enhanced the adipogenic capacity of BMSCs but inhibited their osteogenic capacity as determined by oil red O, alizarin red, and alkaline phosphatase staining, while silencing of SNHG1 led to the opposite results. LncRNA SNHG1 interacting with the RNA-binding polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 1 (PTBP1) promoted osteoprotegerin (Opg) methylation and suppressed Opg expression via mediating DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) 1. Furthermore, Opg was showed to regulate BMSC differentiation. Knockdown of SNHG1 decreased the expressions of adipogenic related genes but increased that of osteogenic related genes. However, the knockdown of Opg partially reversed those effects. In summary, lncRNA SNHG1 upregulated the expression of DNMT1 via interacting with PTBP1, resulting in Opg hypermethylation and decreased Opg expression, which in turn enhanced BMSC adipogenic differentiation and contributed to osteoporosis.
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Metilação de DNA , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais , Osteoprotegerina , RNA Longo não Codificante , Adipogenia/genética , Animais , Diferenciação Celular/genética , Células Cultivadas , DNA (Citosina-5-)-Metiltransferase 1 , Metilação de DNA/genética , Feminino , Ribonucleoproteínas Nucleares Heterogêneas/genética , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/metabolismo , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/fisiologia , Camundongos , Osteogênese/genética , Osteoprotegerina/genética , Osteoprotegerina/metabolismo , Proteína de Ligação a Regiões Ricas em Polipirimidinas , RNA Longo não Codificante/genética , RNA Longo não Codificante/metabolismoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: We aimed to investigate the functions and underlying mechanism of lncRNA SNHG1 in bone differentiation and angiogenesis in the development of osteoporosis. METHODS: The differential gene or proteins expressions were measured by qPCR or western blot assays, respectively. The targeted relationships among molecular were confirmed through luciferase reporter, RIP and ChIP assays, respectively. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alizarin red S (ARS) and TRAP staining were performed to measure the osteoblast/osteoclast differentiation of BMSCs. The viability, migration and angiogenesis in BM-EPCs were validated by CCK-8, clone formation, transwell and tube formation assays, respectively. Western blot and immunofluorescence detected the cytosolic/nuclear localization of ß-catenin. Ovariectomized (OVX) mice were established to confirm the findings in vitro. RESULTS: SNHG1 was enhanced and miR-181c-5p was decreased in serum and femoral tissue from OVX mice. SNHG1 directly inhibited miR-181c-5p to activate Wnt3a/ß-catenin signaling by upregulating SFRP1. In addition, knockdown of SNHG1 promoted the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs by increasing miR-181c-5p. In contrast, SNHG1 overexpression advanced the osteoclast differentiation of BMSCs and inhibited the angiogenesis of BM-EPCs, whereas these effects were all reversed by miR-181c-5p overexpression. In vivo experiments indicated that SNHG1 silencing alleviated osteoporosis through stimulating osteoblastogenesis and inhibiting osteoclastogenesis by modulating miR-181c-5p. Importantly, SNHG1 could be induced by SP1 in BMSCs. CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, SP1-induced SNHG1 modulated SFRP1/Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway via sponging miR-181c-5p, thereby inhibiting osteoblast differentiation and angiogenesis while promoting osteoclast formation. Further, SNHG1 silence might provide a potential treatment for osteoporosis.
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Remodelação Óssea/genética , MicroRNAs , Osteoporose/genética , RNA Longo não Codificante , Fator de Transcrição Sp1/genética , Animais , Diferenciação Celular , Células Cultivadas , Feminino , Proteínas de Membrana/metabolismo , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Neovascularização Fisiológica , Transdução de Sinais , Células-Tronco/citologia , Proteína Wnt3A/metabolismoRESUMO
The S100 protein family is widely involved in the pathological process of various types of cancer. However, the prognostic value of the S100 protein family member S100A12 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unknown. A total of 139 patients undergoing curative surgical resection for HCC from December 2005 to June 2006 were investigated. Immunohistochemistry of S100A12 tissue was performed and expression was classified according to the total positive staining area. Co-expression of S100A12 with cluster of differentiation (CD)11B, CD15 and CD68 was evaluated using immunofluorescence. Associations between S100A12 expression and preoperative clinicopathological parameters were assessed using a χ2 test or independent sample Student's t-test. Kaplan-Meier estimator survival analysis and multivariate Cox's proportional hazard regression model were used to evaluate the prognostic value of S100A12 expression. The expression of S100A12 was restricted exclusively to stroma cells, primarily to myeloid-derived immune cells, CD15-positive neutrophils and CD68-positive macrophages in particular. A total positive staining area of 1,600 µm2 was selected as the threshold between high and low S100A12 expression. There was a statistically significant association between intratumoral S100A12 expression and tumor differentiation (P=0.010). High expression of S100A12 on intratumoral stroma cells was an independent prognostic factor for the overall (P=0.002) and disease-free survival (P=0.007) rates of HCC following curative surgical resection. No significant association was identified between peritumoral S100A12 expression and HCC prognosis. The results of the present study demonstrated that high expression of S100A12 on intratumoral stroma cells is associated with poor HCC prognosis following curative resection, which may serve as a potential target for an adjuvant therapy.
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OBJECTIVE: We had previously proved that insufficient radiofrequency ablation (RFA) could enhance invasiveness and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) through epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which is mediated by activating ß-catenin signaling. Thus, the aim of the present study was to demonstrate whether the combined treatment of interferon-α (IFN-α) and "Songyou Yin" (SYY) minimizes the pro-metastatic effects of insufficient RFA, as well as to explore its underlying mechanism. METHODS: Insufficient RFA was performed in an orthotopic nude mice model of HCCLM3 with high metastatic potential. The effects of IFN-α, SYY, and combined IFN-α and SYY were observed in the animal model. Tumor sizes, lung metastasis, and survival time were assessed. Immunochemistry staining, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and Western blot were used to examine gene expression related to metastasis and angiogenesis in residual cancer after insufficient RFA. RESULTS: For up to 8 weeks of treatment, the combined therapy significantly decreased the residual cancer sizes, minimized the lung metastasis rate, and prolonged the survival time of nude mice, which might be due to suppression of the EMT via ß-catenin signal blockade, in addition to attenuating angiogenesis in residual cancer after insufficient RFA. CONCLUSION: IFN-α combined with SYY significantly weakened the enhanced metastatic potential of residual cancer after insufficient RFA by attenuating EMT, which is mediated through inhibiting activation of ß-catenin. In addition, decreasing angiogenesis of residual cancer might also play a certain role.
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Carcinoma Hepatocelular/tratamento farmacológico , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/farmacologia , Interferon-alfa/farmacologia , Neoplasias Hepáticas/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Transição Epitelial-Mesenquimal/efeitos dos fármacos , Neoplasias Hepáticas/metabolismo , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Camundongos Nus , Modelos Animais , Ablação por Radiofrequência/métodos , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de Xenoenxerto/métodos , beta Catenina/metabolismoRESUMO
Rnd1, a member of Rho GTPases, was found to be downregulated in human malignancies and downregulation of Rnd1 promotes tumor invasion via various mechanisms. However, the role of Rnd1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression remains unclear. In this study, our results demonstrated that Rnd1 was downregulated in HCC cells and in human HCC tissues. Low expression of Rnd1 was associated with aggressive clinic-pathologic characteristics, such as vascular invasion, and poor prognosis in patients who underwent curative surgery for HCC. Overexpression of Rnd1-suppressed cell growth, migration, invasion, and EMT processes in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, Rnd1 blocked HCC progression by restricting EMT process through inhibition of the Raf/MEK/ERK cascade, and this was correlated with a reduction in RhoA activity. Combination of Rnd1 overexpression with sorafenib, a Raf signaling pathway inhibitor, showed a more potent inhibition on HCC metastasis. Moreover, epigenetic inhibitors (5-Aza and SAHA) increased the expression of Rnd1, and potentiated sorafenib-induced toxicity in HCC cells. In a conclusion, Rnd1-suppressed EMT-mediated metastasis of HCC by reducing the activity of the RhoA/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway, functioning as a favorable anti-metastasis target for HCC patients. Rnd1 overexpression in combination with sorafenib may result in enhanced anti-metastasis efficacy in HCC.
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Carcinoma Hepatocelular/enzimologia , Transição Epitelial-Mesenquimal , Neoplasias Hepáticas/enzimologia , Proteínas rho de Ligação ao GTP/metabolismo , Animais , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/tratamento farmacológico , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/genética , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/patologia , Movimento Celular , Proliferação de Células , Decitabina/farmacologia , Epigênese Genética , Feminino , Regulação Enzimológica da Expressão Gênica , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Células Hep G2 , Inibidores de Histona Desacetilases/farmacologia , Humanos , Neoplasias Hepáticas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Hepáticas/genética , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patologia , Masculino , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Camundongos Nus , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Terapia de Alvo Molecular , Invasividade Neoplásica , Metástase Neoplásica , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacologia , Transdução de Sinais , Sorafenibe/farmacologia , Vorinostat/farmacologia , Quinases raf/antagonistas & inibidores , Quinases raf/metabolismo , Proteínas rho de Ligação ao GTP/genética , Proteína rhoA de Ligação ao GTP/metabolismoRESUMO
Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1 or CD31) is a well-known marker of endothelial cells and a key factor for adhesion and accumulation of platelets. CD31 plays roles in cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and cellular immunity. CD31 is also expressed on tumor cells, such as breast cancer cells and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, and contributes to tumor cell invasion. Here, our experiments show that CD31 promotes metastasis by inducing the epithelial-mesenchymal transition in hepatocellular carcinoma by up-regulating integrin ß1 via the FAK/Akt signaling pathway.
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Carcinoma Hepatocelular/tratamento farmacológico , Cicloeximida/farmacologia , Transição Epitelial-Mesenquimal/efeitos dos fármacos , Neoplasias Hepáticas/tratamento farmacológico , Molécula-1 de Adesão Celular Endotelial a Plaquetas/metabolismo , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de Xenoenxerto/métodos , Proteínas Adaptadoras de Transdução de Sinal , Animais , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/genética , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Transição Epitelial-Mesenquimal/genética , Quinase 1 de Adesão Focal/metabolismo , Células Hep G2 , Humanos , Peptídeos e Proteínas de Sinalização Intracelular/metabolismo , Neoplasias Hepáticas/genética , Neoplasias Hepáticas/metabolismo , Masculino , Proteínas de Membrana/metabolismo , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Camundongos Nus , Metástase Neoplásica , Molécula-1 de Adesão Celular Endotelial a Plaquetas/genética , Inibidores da Síntese de Proteínas/farmacologia , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Transdução de Sinais/genéticaRESUMO
The original article [1] contains an error in Fig. 5a whereby the Western blot bands representing CyclinD1 have mistakenly been duplicated over the Western blot bands intended to represent SGK.
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Overexpression of 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3), a key molecule of glucose metabolism in cytoplasm, has been found in various tumors. Emerging evidence has suggested that PFKFB3 is also located in the nucleus and apparent in regulatory functions other than glycolysis. In this study, we found that PFKFB3 expression is associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) growth and located mainly in the nucleus of tumor cells. PFKFB3 overexpression was associated with large tumor size (p = 0.04) and poor survival of patients with HCC (p = 0.027). Knockdown of PFKFB3 inhibited HCC growth, not only by reducing glucose consumption but also by damaging the DNA repair function, leading to G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis. In animal studies, overexpression of PFKFB3 is associated with increased tumor growth. Mechanistically, PFKFB3 silencing decreased AKT phosphorylation and reduced the expression of ERCC1, which is an important DNA repair protein. Moreover, PFK15, a selective PFKFB3 inhibitor, significantly inhibited tumor growth in a xenograft model of human HCC. PFKFB3 is a potential novel target in the treatment of HCC.
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Carcinoma Hepatocelular/patologia , Proliferação de Células , Reparo do DNA , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patologia , Fosfofrutoquinase-2/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt/metabolismo , Animais , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/metabolismo , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/mortalidade , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/metabolismo , Endonucleases/metabolismo , Feminino , Pontos de Checagem da Fase G2 do Ciclo Celular , Humanos , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Neoplasias Hepáticas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Hepáticas/mortalidade , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Nus , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fosfofrutoquinase-2/antagonistas & inibidores , Fosfofrutoquinase-2/genética , Interferência de RNA , RNA Interferente Pequeno/metabolismo , Transdução de SinaisRESUMO
BACKGROUND: High frequency of recurrence is the major cause of the poor outcomes for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). microRNA (miR)-182-5p emerged as a high-priority miRNA in HCC and was found to be related to HCC metastasis. Whether the expression of miR-182-5p in tumor tissue correlated with early recurrence in HCC patients underwent curative surgery was unknown. METHODS: Real-time PCR (RT-PCR) and in situ hybridization (ISH) were conducted to assess the expression of miR-182-5p in HCC cells and tissues. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), transwell assays were performed to detected cells proliferation and migration ability. Flow cytometry assays were used to detect cell apoptosis rate, and xenograft model was employed to study miR-182-5p in HCC growth and lung metastasis. The target of miR-182-5p was validated with a dual-luciferase reporter assay and western blotting. Immunohistochemistry, immumoblotting, and immunoprecipitation were performed to test relative protein expression. RESULTS: We showed that high expression of miR-182-5p in tumor tissues correlated with poor prognosis as well as early recurrence in HCC patients underwent curative surgery. miR-182-5p enhanced motility and invasive ability of HCC cells both in vitro and in vivo. miR-182-5p directly targets 3'-UTR of FOXO3a and repressed FOXO3a expression, activating AKT/FOXO3a pathway to promote HCC proliferation. Notably, miR-182-5p activated Wnt/ß-catenin signaling by inhibiting the degradation of ß-catenin and enhancing the interaction between ß-catenin and TCF4 which was mediated by repressed FOXO3a. CONCLUSIONS: Consistently, miR-182-5p can be a potential predictor of early recurrence for HCC patients underwent curative surgery, and FOXO3a plays a key mediator in miR-182-5p induced HCC progression.
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Carcinoma Hepatocelular/genética , Proteína Forkhead Box O3/genética , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Neoplasias Hepáticas/genética , MicroRNAs/genética , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/diagnóstico , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/metabolismo , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/patologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células , Progressão da Doença , Feminino , Células HEK293 , Humanos , Neoplasias Hepáticas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Hepáticas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prognóstico , Via de Sinalização WntRESUMO
M2-polarized (alternatively activated) macrophages play an important role in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Allograft inflammatory factor 1 (AIF1) is overexpressed in M2-polarized macrophages. This study explored the role of AIF1 in tumor-associated macrophages in HCC. Macrophages were stimulated with colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF1) to characterize the regulatory pathway of AIF1 in macrophages. The chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter gene assay were conducted to examine transcription factors associated with AIF1 expression. AIF1 was down or upregulated, and the effects on tumor progression were evaluated by using in vitro and in vivo co-culture systems. A cytokine array was performed to screen the downstream functional components of AIF1. Tumor tissue from 206 patients with HCC were used to explore the clinical significance of AIF1. AIF1 induced a M2-like phenotype of macrophages. By facilitating the binding of c-Jun to the promoter of AIF1, CSF1 secreted from hepatoma cells increased AIF1 expression through the CSF1R-MEK1/2-Erk1/2-c-Jun axis. AIF1 expressed in macrophages promoted the migration of hepatoma cells in co-culture system of RAW264.7 and Hepa1-6 and tumor growth in an animal model. The cytokine array showed that CXCL16 was increased in RAW264.7 cells with overexpressed AIF1, leading to enhanced tumor cell migration. In human HCC tissue, AIF1-positive macrophages in the adjacent microenvironment was associated with microvascular invasion and advanced TNM stages and with patients' overall and disease-free survival (p = 0.002 for both). AIF1 expression in macrophages plays a pivotal role in the interaction between macrophages and hepatoma cells.
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Flotillin-2 (Flot2) is a highly conserved and ubiquitously expressed protein that resides on the cytoplasmic side of the cell membrane within specific cholesterol rich microdomains. Some studies have reported that overexpression of Flot2 is related to cancer progression. However, the role of Flot2 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclarified. In this study, we aim to explore the correlation between Flot2 expression and HCC progression and the underlying mechanism. In the present study, overexpression of Flot2 in HCC tissues and cell lines was detected, and forced overexpression of Flot2 significantly promoted the proliferation, migration, invasion and metastasis of HCC in vitro and in vivo by modulating cell cycle and inducing EMT, which was mediated via up-regulation of Twist as a result of Raf/MEK/ERK1/2 pathway activation. In contrast, silencing Flot2 expression inhibited these biological processes. Furthermore, high expression of Flot2 was significantly correlated with poor prognosis of HCC patients after curative resection and is an independent risk factor. In conclusion, Flot2 promoted tumor growth and metastasis of HCC through modulating cell cycle and inducing EMT. The expression of Flot2 may play a key role in HCC progression and may be regarded as a potential poor prognostic marker for HCC.
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Our previous studies demonstrated that traditional Chinese herbal medicine 'Songyou Yin' inhibited the growth and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells, and altered epithelialmesenchymal transition (EMT) markers in oxaliplatintreated HCC tissues and cell lines. In the present study, we aimed to explore whether astragaloside IV (AS-IV), a component of 'Songyou Yin', can affect the growth and invasion of HCC cells and the underlying mechanism involved. Human HCC cell lines Huh7 and MHCC97-H, with low and high metastatic potential, respectively, were treated with increasing doses of AS-IV. The Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), plate clone formation, Transwell, wound healing and immunofluorescence assays were used to investigate the effects of AS-IV on HCC cell proliferation, migration and invasion. The protein expression levels were analyzed by western blotting and immunofluorescence assay. The CCK-8 and plate clone formation assays showed that AS-IV had little effect on the proliferation of HCC cells in vitro. However, the Transwell and wound healing assays demonstrated that AS-IV inhibited the migration and invasion of HCC cells in a dose-dependent manner and the morphology of HCC cells was altered from spindle into oval shaped in the AS-IV pretreated groups. The upregulation of E-cadherin and downregulation of N-cadherin, vimentin, α-SMA and Slug were also observed in the AS-IV pretreated groups. Additionally, AS-IV treatment resulted in a profound decrease in the phosphorylated forms of Akt and GSK-3ß, which in turn inhibited the expression of ß-catenin. Thus, we conclude that AS-IV attenuates the invasive and migratory abilities of HCC cells through the inhibition of EMT by targeting the Akt/GSK-3ß/ß-catenin pathway.
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Carcinoma Hepatocelular/prevenção & controle , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Glicogênio Sintase Quinase 3 beta/metabolismo , Neoplasias Hepáticas/prevenção & controle , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt/metabolismo , Saponinas/farmacologia , Triterpenos/farmacologia , beta Catenina/metabolismo , Western Blotting , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/metabolismo , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/secundário , Movimento Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Transição Epitelial-Mesenquimal , Imunofluorescência , Humanos , Neoplasias Hepáticas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patologia , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Tumorais CultivadasRESUMO
Tumor-associated endothelial cells (TEC) directly facilitate tumor progression, but little is known about the mechanisms. We investigated the function of CD109 in TEC and its clinical significance in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The correlation between CD109 expressed on tumor vessels and the prognosis after surgical resection of HCC was studied. The effect of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) with different CD109 expression on hepatoma cell proliferation, migration, and invasion was compared in co-culture assay. Associated key factors were screened by human cytokine antibody array and validated thereafter. HUVEC with different CD109 expression were co-implanted with HCCLM3 or HepG2 cells in nude mice to investigate the effect of CD109 expression on tumor growth and metastasis. Reduced expression of CD109 on tumor vessels was associated with large tumor size, microvascular invasion, and advanced tumor stage. CD109 was an independent risk factor for disease-free survival (P = 0.001) after curative resection of HCC. CD109 knockdown in HUVEC promoted hepatoma cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Interleukin-8 (IL-8) was a key tumor-promoting factor secreted from CD109 knockdown HUVEC. CD109 knockdown upregulated IL-8 expression through activation of TGF-ß/Akt/NF-κB pathway in HUVEC. Co-implantation with CD109 knockdown HUVEC accelerated tumor growth and metastasis in mice models. In conclusion, CD109 expression on tumor vessels is a potential prognostic marker for HCC, and its reduced expression on TEC promoted tumor progression by paracrine IL-8.
Assuntos
Antígenos CD/biossíntese , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/patologia , Células Endoteliais/metabolismo , Interleucina-8/metabolismo , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patologia , Proteínas de Neoplasias/biossíntese , Animais , Antígenos CD/análise , Biomarcadores Tumorais/análise , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/mortalidade , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Técnicas de Cocultura , Progressão da Doença , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Regulação para Baixo , Células Endoteliais/patologia , Proteínas Ligadas por GPI/análise , Proteínas Ligadas por GPI/biossíntese , Xenoenxertos , Células Endoteliais da Veia Umbilical Humana/metabolismo , Humanos , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Neoplasias Hepáticas/mortalidade , Camundongos , Camundongos Nus , Proteínas de Neoplasias/análise , Comunicação Parácrina/fisiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Our previous study reported that microRNA-26a (miR-26a) inhibited tumor progression by inhibiting tumor angiogenesis and intratumoral macrophage infiltration in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The direct roles of miR-26a on tumor cell invasion remain poorly understood. In this study, we aim to explore the mechanism of miR-26a in modulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in HCC. METHODS: In vitro cell morphology and cell migration were compared between the hepatoma cell lines HCCLM3 and HepG2, which were established in the previous study. Overexpression and down-regulation of miR-26a were induced in these cell lines, and Western blot and immunofluorescence assays were used to detect the expression of EMT markers. Xenograft nude mouse models were used to observe tumor growth and pulmonary metastasis. Immunohistochemical assays were conducted to study the relationships between miR-26a expression and enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) and E-cadherin expression in human HCC samples. RESULTS: Down-regulation of miR-26a in HCCLM3 and HepG2 cells resulted in an EMT-like cell morphology and high motility in vitro and increased in tumor growth and pulmonary metastasis in vivo. Through down-regulation of EZH2 expression and up-regulation of E-cadherin expression, miR-26a inhibited the EMT process in vitro and in vivo. Luciferase reporter assay showed that miR-26a directly interacted with EZH2 messenger RNA (mRNA). Furthermore, the expression of miR-26a was positively correlated with E-cadherin expression and inversely correlated with EZH2 expression in human HCC tissue. CONCLUSIONS: miR-26a inhibited the EMT process in HCC by down-regulating EZH2 expression.
Assuntos
Carcinoma Hepatocelular/genética , Transição Epitelial-Mesenquimal/genética , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Neoplasias Hepáticas/genética , MicroRNAs/genética , Complexo Repressor Polycomb 2/genética , Animais , Western Blotting , Caderinas/genética , Caderinas/metabolismo , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/metabolismo , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/patologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proteína Potenciadora do Homólogo 2 de Zeste , Células HEK293 , Células Hep G2 , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Neoplasias Hepáticas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patologia , Masculino , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Camundongos Nus , Complexo Repressor Polycomb 2/metabolismo , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Transplante HeterólogoRESUMO
TMPRSS4 (Transmembrane protease serine 4) is up-regulated in a broad spectrum of cancers. However, little is known about the biological effects of TMPRSS4 on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the related mechanisms. In the present study, we found that overexpression of TMPRSS4 significantly promoted the invasion, migration, adhesion and metastasis of HCC. Further more, TMPRSS4 induced EMT of HCC, which was mediated via snail and slug as a result of Raf/MEK/ERK1/2 activation, and inhibition of ERK1/2 activation by its inhibitor was associated with reduced cell invasion and reversion of EMT. In addition, we demonstrated that TMPRSS4 remarkably suppressed the expression of RECK, an inhibitor of angiogenesis, and drastically induced tumor angiogenesis and growth. More important, in clinical HCC specimens, TMPRSS4 expression was significantly correlated with tumor staging and was inversely correlated with E-cadherin and RECKS expression. Expression of TMPRSS4 is significantly associated with HCC progression and is an independent prognostic factor for postoperative worse survival and recurrence. In conclusion, TMPRSS4 functions as a positive regulator of Raf/MEK/ERK1/2 pathway and promotes HCC progression by inducing EMT and angiogenesis. The increase of TMPRSS4 expression may be a key event for HCC progression and may be regarded as a potential prognostic marker for HCC.
Assuntos
Carcinoma Hepatocelular/genética , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/patologia , Transição Epitelial-Mesenquimal/genética , Neoplasias Hepáticas/genética , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patologia , Proteínas de Membrana/genética , Serina Endopeptidases/genética , Adulto , Idoso , Animais , Caderinas/genética , Caderinas/metabolismo , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/mortalidade , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/cirurgia , Adesão Celular/genética , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Movimento Celular/genética , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Feminino , Proteínas Ligadas por GPI/genética , Expressão Gênica , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Xenoenxertos , Humanos , Neoplasias Hepáticas/mortalidade , Neoplasias Hepáticas/cirurgia , Sistema de Sinalização das MAP Quinases , Masculino , Proteínas de Membrana/metabolismo , Camundongos , Camundongos Nus , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Proteína Quinase 1 Ativada por Mitógeno/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteína Quinase 3 Ativada por Mitógeno/antagonistas & inibidores , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Neovascularização Patológica/genética , Prognóstico , Fatores de Risco , Serina Endopeptidases/metabolismo , Regulação para Cima , Quinases raf/metabolismoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To clarify the value of postoperative adjuvant transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) for resectable multiple hepatocellular carcinoma beyond the Milan criteria. BACKGROUND: Patients with multiple HCC have been shown to have a worse survival after a partial hepatectomy (PH) because of the high incidence of intrahepatic tumor recurrence. Postoperative adjuvant TACE is an optional strategy for HCC patients with a high recurrence risk. Its effects and range of applications are debatable. METHODS: This retrospective study enrolled 135 HCC patients with resectable multiple hepatocellular carcinoma beyond the Milan criteria, and those patients underwent a hepatectomy with/without postoperative adjuvant TACE from Jan. 2004 to Dec. 2008. The patients were divided to the PH cohort or the PH+TACE cohort. The prognosis measures were the disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) from the date of treatment. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to assess the prognostic factors associated with DFS and OS, using the Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS: The 1-, 2-, and 5-year DFS and OS for the PH+TACE group differed significantly from the PH group (p = 0.004, p = 0.002, respectively). Multivariate analysis revealed that the significant independent risk factors associated with the DFS and OS were postoperative TACE treatment (p = 0.002, p = 0.001, respectively) and the number of tumors (p = 0.006, p = 0.037, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that postoperative adjuvant treatment resulted in delayed intrahepatic recurrence and better survival for patients with resectable multiple hepatocellular carcinoma beyond the Milan criteria. Postoperative adjuvant TACE should be regarded as a common strategy for patients with resectable multiple HCC beyond the Milan criteria.