[Analysis of Histologic Transformation and Prognosis for Follicular Lymphoma].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the related factors of invasive transformation and prognosis for follicular lymphoma. METHODS: A total of 168 patients with follicular lymphoma at First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from August 2015 to January 2021 were collected, and the significance of each index in histological transformation (HT) and prognosis were analyzed. RESULTS: Pathology grade3, Ki-67 index ≥40%, ß2MG＞3 mg/L, LDH＞245 U/L, POD24 and non-invasion of bone marrow were associated with HT. Univariate analysis showed that the high risk of FLIPI-2, pathological grade 3, Ki-67≥40%, anemia, ß2MG＞3 mg/L, LDH＞245 U/L and HT had significant adverse effects on PFS; ß2MG＞3 mg/L, LDH＞245 U/L, POD24 and HT had significant adverse effects on OS. Cox multivariate analysis showed that the ß2MG >3 mg/L and HT were independent risk factors of PFS, HT was independent risk factor of OS. CONCLUSION: The pathological grade, Ki-67, ß2MG, LDH, POD24 and bone marrow invasion of FL can predict the risk of HT. Meanwhile, ß2MG >3 mg/L and HT are significantly related to poor prognosis of FL.

Fouling-Resistant and Self-Cleaning Aliphatic Polyketone Membrane for Sustainable Oil-Water Emulsion Separation.

The cost-effective treatment of emulsified oily wastewater discharged by many industries and human societies is a great challenge. Herein, based on an aliphatic polyketone (PK) polymer with a good membrane formation ability and an intrinsic intermediate hydrophilicity, a new class of reduced PK (rPK) membranes combining an all hydrophilic and electrically neutral surface chemistry comprising ketone and hydroxyl groups, and a fibril-like morphology featuring re-entrant structure, was facilely prepared by phase separation and following fast surface reduction. The synergetic cooperation of surface chemistry and surface geometry endowed the prepared membranes with excellent superhydrophilicity, underwater superoleophobicity, and underoil superhydrophilicity, in addition to antiprotein-adhesion property. Thus, fouling-resistant and self-cleaning filtrations of challenging oil-in-water emulsions containing adhesive oil, surfactant, high salinity, and proteins were effortlessly realized with high flux (up to ∼50 000 L m-2 h-1 bar-1), slow and reversible flux decline, and low oil permeate (<20 ppm). In contrast, a commercial superhydrophilic microporous membrane made of mixed cellulose ester suffered severe fouling gradually or immediately when carrying out the emulsion filtrations due to its less than ideal surface properties. It is believed that this class of membranes with desirable superwettability, high flux, and preparation simplicity can be a potential new benchmark for high performance and large-scale oil-water separation in complex environments.

Dual Superlyophobic Aliphatic Polyketone Membranes for Highly Efficient Emulsified Oil-Water Separation: Performance and Mechanism.

Efficient treatment of difficult emulsified oil-water wastes is a global challenge. Membranes exhibiting unusual dual superlyophobicity (combined underwater superoleophobicity and underoil superhydrophobicity) are intriguing to realize high-efficiency separation of both oil-in-water and water-in-oil emulsions. For the first time, a robust polymeric membrane demonstrating dual superlyophobicity to common apolar oils was facilely fabricated via a simple one-step phase separation process using an aliphatic polyketone (PK) polymer, thanks to a conjunction of intermediate hydrophilicity and re-entrant fibril-like texture upon the prepared PK membrane. Further chemical modification to improve surface hydrophilicity slightly can enable dual superlyophobicity to both apolar and polar oils. It is found that a nonwetting composite state of oil against water or water against oil was obtainable on the membrane surfaces only when the probe liquids possess an equilibrium contact angle (θow or θwo) larger than the critical re-entrant angle of the textured surfaces (73°), which can explain the existences of dual superlyophobicity and also the nonwetting to fully wetting transitions. A simple design chart was developed to map out the operational windows of material hydrophilicity and re-entrant geometry, that is, a possible zone, to help in the rational design of similar interfacial systems from various materials. Switchable filtrations of oil-in-water and water-in-oil nanoemulsions were achieved readily with both high flux and high rejection. The simplicity and scalability of the membrane preparation process and the well-elucidated underlying mechanisms illuminate the great application potential of the PK-based superwetting membranes.

Purification, characterization and gene identification of a membrane-bound glucose dehydrogenase from 2-keto-d-gluconic acid industrial producing strain Pseudomonas plecoglossicida JUIM01.

The membrane-bound glucose dehydrogenase (mGDH) is a rate-limiting enzyme for the industrial production of 2-keto-d-gluconic acid (2KGA) from glucose. In this study, mGDH was firstly purified from a 2KGA industrial producing strain Pseudomonas plecoglossicida JUIM01. The purified mGDH exhibited a specific activity of 16.85 U/mg and was identified as monomeric membrane-bound PQQ-dependent dehydrogenase with a molecular mass of ~87 kDa. The Km and Vmax value of d-glucose were 0.042 mM and 14.620 µM/min, and the optimal pH and temperature were of 6.0 and 35 °C with favorable acid resistance and poor heat tolerance. Ca2+/Mg2+ showed a significantly positive effect on mGDH activity with 20% increase, whereas EDTA/EGTA had a negative influence, and Ca2+ was essential for enzyme activity. Furthermore, a 2412 bp-length gcd was amplified by genome walking technique and heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli. Bioinformatics analysis and heterologous expression further confirmed it as a mGDH encoding gene. mGDH contained binding sites of Ca2+, cofactor PQQ and polypeptide binding sites concluded from alignment results of mGDHs from different genera. This study would lay the foundation for improving 2KGA productivity through further strain modification.

Synthesis and Characterization of Alkali Metal Ion-Binding Copolymers Bearing Dibenzo-24-crown-8 Ether Moieties.

Dibenzo-24-crown-8 (DB24C8)-bearing copolymers were synthesized by radical copolymerization using a DB24C8-carrying acrylamide derivative and N-isopropylacrylamide monomers. The cloud point of the resulting copolymers changed in aqueous solution in the presence of cesium ions. In addition, the ¹H NMR signals of DB24C8-bearing copolymers shifted in the presence of alkali metal. This shift was more pronounced following the addition of Cs⁺ compared to Rb⁺, K⁺, Na⁺, and Li⁺ ions due to recognition of the Cs⁺ ion by DB24C8.

Total glucosides of paeony inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced proliferation, migration and invasion in androgen insensitive prostate cancer cells.

Previous studies demonstrated that inflammatory microenvironment promoted prostate cancer progression. This study investigated whether total glucosides of paeony (TGP), the active constituents extracted from the root of Paeonia Lactiflora Pall, suppressed lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated proliferation, migration and invasion in androgen insensitive prostate cancer cells. PC-3 cells were incubated with LPS (2.0 µg/mL) in the absence or presence of TGP (312.5 µg /mL). As expected, cells at S phase and nuclear CyclinD1, the markers of cell proliferation, were increased in LPS-stimulated PC-3 cells. Migration activity, as determined by wound-healing assay and transwell migration assay, and invasion activity, as determined by transwell invasion assay, were elevated in LPS-stimulated PC-3 cells. Interestingly, TGP suppressed LPS-stimulated PC-3 cells proliferation. Moreover, TGP inhibited LPS-stimulated migration and invasion of PC-3 cells. Additional experiment showed that TGP inhibited activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/p38 in LPS-stimulated PC-3 cells. Correspondingly, TGP attenuated upregulation of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 in LPS-stimulated PC-3 cells. In addition, TGP inhibited nuclear translocation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in LPS-stimulated PC-3 cells. These results suggest that TGP inhibits inflammation-associated STAT3 activation and proliferation, migration and invasion in androgen insensitive prostate cancer cells.

Low vitamin D status is associated with inflammation in patients with prostate cancer.

Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with increased risks of prostate cancer. Nevertheless, the mechanisms remain unclear. The aim of this study was to analyze the association among prostate cancer, vitamin D status and inflammation. Sixty patients with newly diagnosed prostate cancer and 120 age-matched controls were recruited for this study. Vitamin D status was evaluated and serum inflammatory molecules were measured. Serum 25-(OH)D was lower in patients with prostate cancer. Moreover, serum 25(OH)D was lower in patients with severe prostate cancer than patients with mild and moderate prostate cancer. By contrast, serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin (IL)-8, two inflammatory molecules, were elevated in patients with prostate cancer. Serum 25-(OH)D was negatively correlated with serum CRP and IL-8 in patients with prostate cancer. Additional analysis showed that the percentage of vitamin D receptor positive nucleus in the prostate was reduced in patients with prostate cancer. By contrast, the percentage of nuclear factor kappa B p65-positive nucleus was elevated in patients with prostate cancer. Our results provide evidence that there is an association among prostate cancer, vitamin D deficiency and inflammatory signaling. Inflammation may be an important mediator for prostate cancer progression in patients with low vitamin D status.

Use of gum arabic to improve the fabrication of chitosan-gelatin-based nanofibers for tissue engineering.

Current techniques for fabricating chitosan-gelatin-based nanofibers require the use of corrosive and expensive solvents. Our novel method, however, using gum arabic and a mild (20 wt%) aqueous acetic acid solution as solvent can produce a solution with much higher chitosan-gelatin content (16 wt%). Without gum arabic, which greatly decreases the viscosity of the solution, such an outcome was unachievable. The solution was utilized to prepare electrospun chitosan-gelatin-polyvinyl alcohol-gum arabic nanofibers with a weight ratio of 8:8:2:0.5 (C8G8P2A0.5 nanofibers), in which polyvinyl alcohol could stabilize the electrospinning process. The stability and tensile strength (2.53 MPa) of C8G8P2A0.5 nanofibers (mats) were enhanced by glutaraldehyde crosslinking. Furthermore, mesenchymal stem cells attached and proliferated well on the mat. The strength-enhanced and cytocompatible C8G8P2A0.5 mats are thereby suitable for tissue engineering applications. More importantly, we have created a less expensive and safer method (one not using hazardous solvents) to fabricate chitosan-gelatin-based nanofibers.

Chronic lipopolysaccharide exposure induces cognitive dysfunction without affecting BDNF expression in the rat hippocampus.

Previous studies have shown that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has the potential to cause cognitive dysfunction. However, the underlying pathogenesis has yet to be fully elucidated. Increasing attention is being focused on infection in the central nervous system. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the behavioral performance of rats receiving intraperitoneal injections of LPS and to determine the expression levels of amyloid-ß (Aß), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and pro-inflammatory cytokines in the hippocampus. In total, 30 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (each n=10): Control and 3 and 7 day LPS administration groups. The rats were intraperitoneally injected with saline or LPS for 3 or 7 days. Following this, rats performed the Morris water maze test, in which the latency to the platform and proportion of time spent in the target quadrant were recorded. Rats were then sacrificed and the hippocampi were harvested for determination of interleukin (IL)-1ß, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), Aß and BDNF expression levels. LPS administration for 3 and 7 days significantly increased the latency to the platform and decreased the proportion of time spent in the target quadrant compared with those in the control group, (P<0.05). Administration of LPS for 3 and 7 days induced statistically significant increases in the expression levels of IL-1ß, IL-6 and TNF-α in the hippocampus, compared with those in the control group (P<0.05). Additionally, the administration of LPS for 7 days induced a statistically significant increase in the expression level of Aß in the hippocampus, compared with that in the control group (P<0.05). However, the administration of LPS did not elicit a statistically significant change in the expression level of BDNF in the hippocampus, compared with that in the control group (P>0.05). The results indicate that LPS induces cognitive dysfunction, which is associated with increased expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and Aß, but does not affect the expression of BDNF in the hippocampus.

Synthesis and cellular uptake of p-[(123)I]-phenyl-amino-thiazole ((123)I-PAT) as a potential agent for targeting tubulin polymerization in tumors.

The phenyl-amino-thiazole (PAT) templates of methoxylbenzoyl-aryl-thiazole are potent agents against cancer by inhibiting tubulin polymerization in the nanomolar range. Herein, a radioiodinated PAT, [(123)I]-PAT 1, was prepared via a tributylstannyl precursor and [(123)I]iodide through electrophilic aromatic radioiodination. Radiolabelling of [(123)I]-PAT 1 was achieved in less than 15 min, with a radiochemical purity of over 99%. The accumulated radioactivity in tumor cellular uptake experiments suggested that [(123) I]-PAT could serve as a potential radioprobe for targeting tumor cells.

Improvement of working memory after stenting for cervicocerebral artery stenosis.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the working memory of patients with cervicocerebral artery stenosis and its change after stenting. METHODS: 35 patients with cervicocerebral artery stenosis (≥50% with related symptoms of cerebral ischemia, or ≥70% with or without related symptoms of cerebral ischemia) underwent endovascular stenting. Working memory of all 35 patients before and within 3 weeks of stenting was evaluated by memory quotient (MQ) scores. Change in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was assessed by single photon emission CT (SPECT) for 13 of the patients. MQ scores were compared according to location and degree of stenosis for all patients, as well as changes in rCBF for the 13 patients. RESULTS: Mean MQ scores were significantly lower than normal for patients with carotid artery stenosis alone and for patients with carotid stenosis in addition to vertebrobasilar and/or subclavical stenosis, but not for patients with vertebrobasilar and/or subclavical stenosis. MQ scores were significantly increased after stenting for all patients, especially those with carotid stenosis. There was no significant difference between patients with moderate stenosis and those with severe (>70%) stenosis in MQ increments pre- and post-stenting (p=0.085). Nine of the 13 patients who received SPECT showed an improvement in rCBF after stenting, and their MQ increments were significantly higher than those without an improvement in rCBF (p=0.020). CONCLUSIONS: Working memory impairment can be observed in patients with cervicocerebral artery stenosis, especially those with carotid stenosis. Endovascular stenting of stenosis might improve the impairment by alleviating cerebral perfusion deficit.

[A study of HLA-DPA1 and DPB1 matching status for unrelated donor-recipient pairs matched at allele level for HLA-A, -B, -C, -DRB1 and -DQB1 loci].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the status of HLA-DPA1 and DPB1 matching for unrelated donor-recipient pairs matched at high-resolution allele level for HLA-A, B, C, DRB1 and DQB1 loci. METHODS: A total of 76 unrelated donor-recipient pairs matching at allele level for HLA-A, B, C, DRB1 and DQB1 loci were subjected to HLA-DPA1 and DPB1 sequence-based typing (SBT). HLA-DPA1and DPB1 matching status at high-resolution allelic level was also analyzed. RESULTS: The allelic identity ratio for single HLA-DPA1 and DPB1 were 17.1% and 9.2%, respectively. HLA-DPA1 and DPB1 allelic identity ratio were both very low. The majority of unrelated donor-recipient pairs (73.7%) had an incompatibility at 1 HLA-DPA1 allele, 9.2% of pairs had an incompatibility at 2 DPA1 alleles. As for the high-polymorphic HLA-DPB1 gene, 57.9% of studied donor-recipient pairs had an incompatibility at 1 HLA-DPB1 allele, almost 1/3 (32.9%) of them were completely incompatible. When HLA-DPA1 and DPB1 genes were analyzed together, the donor-recipient pairs matched at 2/4 was the most common (51.4%), 4/4 allelic complete matched pairs accounted for 5.6%, and 0/4 matched pairs accounted for 8.3%. CONCLUSION: Our results indicated that the ratio of HLA-DPA1 and DPB1 complete match in the unrelated donor-recipient pairs matching at allelic level for HLA-A, B, C, DRB1 and DQB1 loci were very low. The effect of HLA-DPA1 and DPB1 matching status on clinical unrelated stem cell transplantation still needs to be elucidated.

Ketamine attenuates the lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response in cultured N2a cells.

The use of ketamine is recommended in patients with sepsis undergoing surgery due to its anti-inflammatory effects. However, a paucity of data exists with regard to the anti-inflammatory effects of ketamine in the central nervous system. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of ketamine on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)­induced inflammatory responses in cultured Neuro2a (N2a) cells and to elucidate its potential mechanism of action. N2a cells were randomly divided into the following 3 groups (n=6): The DMEM culture solution administration alone group, the 0.5 µmol/l LPS administration alone group and the 1 µmol/l ketamine plus 0.5 µmol/l LPS administration group. The expression levels of interleukin (IL)-1ß, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, nuclear factor (NF)-κB and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were determined. LPS-treated N2a cells exhibited a significant increase in the expression levels of IL-1ß, IL-6, TNF-α, NF-κB and iNOS, while the administration of ketamine eliminated the LPS-induced production of IL-1ß, IL-6, TNF-α, NF-κB and iNOS. Based on our data, we hypothesized that the anti-inflammatory effect exerted by ketamine on N2a cells was potentially due to the inhibition of NF-κB and iNOS.

[Distinguish reasons for the variety of intraoperative transcranial magnetic motor evoked potential: the anaesthesia or the operative injury].

OBJECTIVE: To find a way to discriminate operative reason from anaesthesia reason for the changes of intraoperative transcranial magnetic motor evoked potentials (MEPs). METHODS: In 26 patients under Etomidate/Fentanyl anesthesia from February 2001 to June 2004, MEPs elicited by transcranial magnetic stimulation were recorded from tibialis anterior muscles, simultaneously bispectral index (BIS) and train-of-four stimulation (TOF) were used to monitor the anesthesia depth and neuromuscular blockade respectively. MEP, BIS and measurements of TOF at different anesthesia depth and muscular relaxation were recorded synchronously, statistical analysis of this data set was done in order to find the inherent relationship between these variables. RESULTS: Under anesthesia, MEP amplitude was always positively correlated with the corresponding BIS and TOF value. A regression equation could be built, with which the MEP amplitude could be reckoned based on realtime BIS and T(1)/T(c). In case of spinal cord injury, the measured amplitude value would significantly deviate from predicted one, which suggested that the change of MEP was because of the operation, but not the anaesthesia or neuromuscular blockade. Each patient had his or her own regression equation, which was different from each other. CONCLUSIONS: The establishment of regression equation from MEPs, BIS and TOF is very useful to distinguish reasons of the changes of transcranial magnetic MEPs during surgery, and with this technique, the intraoperative MEP monitoring should be more reliable and practicable.

[Experimental study of angiography using vascular interventional robot-2(VIR-2)].

OBJECTIVE: To verify the feasibility and safety of new vascular interventional robot system used in vascular interventional procedures. METHODS: Vascular interventional robot type-2 (VIR-2) included master-slave parts of body propulsion system, image navigation systems and force feedback system, the catheter movement could achieve under automatic control and navigation, force feedback was integrated real-time, followed by in vitro pre-test in vascular model and cerebral angiography in dog. Surgeon controlled vascular interventional robot remotely, the catheter was inserted into the intended target, the catheter positioning error and the operation time would be evaluated. RESULTS: In vitro pre-test and animal experiment went well; the catheter can enter any branch of vascular. Catheter positioning error was less than 1 mm. The angiography operation in animal was carried out smoothly without complication; the success rate of the operation was 100% and the entire experiment took 26 and 30 minutes, efficiency was slightly improved compared with the VIR-1, and the time what staff exposed to the DSA machine was 0 minute. The resistance of force sensor can be displayed to the operator to provide a security guarantee for the operation. No surgical complications. CONCLUSIONS: VIR-2 is safe and feasible, and can achieve the catheter remote operation and angiography; the master-slave system meets the characteristics of traditional procedure. The three-dimensional image can guide the operation more smoothly; force feedback device provides remote real-time haptic information to provide security for the operation.

[Research on the relationship between levels of soluble cluster of differentiation 40 ligand, matrix metalloproteinase 9 and pregnancy-associated plasma protein A in serum and stability of carotid plaques].

OBJECTIVES: To study the relationship between serum levels of some inflammatory markers and stability of carotid plaques in the patients with carotid plaques and evaluate the ability of each serum marker in identifying vulnerable carotid plaques. METHODS: The study included 65 consecutive patients with carotid plaques confirmed by imaging examinations from March 2008 to March 2010. All the patients were classified as stable plaques group (n = 21) and unstable plaques group (n = 44) according to the characteristic findings of the plaques in MRI such as the thickness of fibrous cap, the existence of large lipid core and the intra-plaque hemorrhage. The patients of unstable plaques group were further classified as unruptured plaques group (n = 29) and rupture plaques group (n = 15) according to the integrity of fibrous cap. Serum levels of soluble cluster of differentiation 40 ligand (sCD40L), matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) and pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A) were determined by ELISA. RESULTS: Serum levels of sCD40L and MMP-9 in patients of unstable plaques group, unruptured plaques group and rupture plaques group were all significantly enhanced compared to individuals of stable plaques group (SCD40L: χ(2) = 6.45, 12.04 and 16.23, P < 0.01; MMP-9; F = 2.55, 5.10 and 4.69, P < 0.05). Serum levels of PAPP-A in patients of unstable plaques group and rupture plaques group were all significantly enhanced compared to individuals of stable plaques group (χ(2) = 11.71 and 13.55, P < 0.05). Serum levels of PAPP-A in patients of rupture plaques group were significantly enhanced compared to individuals of unruptured plaques group (χ(2) = 13.19, P = 0.000). sCD40L ≥ 673.22 ng/L (OR = 22.47, 95%CI: 2.11 - 239.81, P = 0.010), MMP-9 ≥ 84.09 µg/L (OR = 10.01, 95%CI: 1.74 - 57.78, P = 0.010) and PAPP-A ≥ 0.101 µg/L (OR = 14.29, 95%CI: 2.69 - 75.90, P = 0.002) were all significantly correlated with the vulnerability of carotid plaques. CONCLUSIONS: There appear to be a relationship between the serum levels of sCD40L, MMP-9 and PAPP-A and the stability of carotid plaques in patients with carotid plaques. High serum levels of the above-mentioned markers may indicate that the plaques were vulnerable or ruptured.

[The utility of neuronavigation in the microsurgery for cerebral cavernous malformations].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the utility of neuronavigation in the microsurgery for cerebral cavernous malformations. METHODS: In a retrospective study, 47 patients with cavernous malformations were involved from January 1995 to December 2010. Fourteen cases admitted into hospital from January 1995 to December 2002 were treated without neuronavigation (conventional group), the focus localization was based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images, anatomic landmarks, and the experiences of the neurosurgeon. In the other 33 cases admitted after February 2002 to December 2010, surgeries were performed with neuronavigation using the Medtronic Stealth Station TREON or TRIA system (neuronavigation group). Excision of the cavernomas were all performed microsurgically, surrounding gliotic rim and hemosiderin stained tissue were resected in the case of epilepsy, and a few patients underwent extended hippocampal resection or multiple subpial transection. RESULTS: With the use of neuronavigation, the extent of craniotomy reduced from 5.2 cm to 3.6 cm (P < 0.01), and deeper cavernoma focuses could be treated surgically. There were no changes with regard to the mean size of the cavernomas, the mean time of surgery and hospital stay (P > 0.05), but the mean time of anaesthesia was prolonged from 164 min to 197 min (P < 0.01). Cavernomas were resected completely in all 47 cases, which was confirmed by postoperative MRI recheck. The conditions of all patients were improved or remain unchanged, and no significant differences in the clinical outcome could be evaluated between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Application of neuronavigation-assisted microsurgery of intracranial cavernous malformations surgery, helps reduce the surgical trauma, and has security and reliability.

[Study on HLA nucleotide sequence matching in epitope positions among recipient-donor pairs for allogenic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the human leukocyte antigens(HLA)-A, -B, -Cw, -DRB1 and DQB1 nucleotide sequences between patients waiting for allogenic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) and donors in Chinese population, and to establish strategy for maximizing optimal donor selection. METHODS: HLA high-resolution typing in a total of 537 recipient-donor pairs was determined by sequence based typing (SBT) method. The nucleotide BLAST tool was used to compare the nucleotide sequences among recipient-donor pairs. RESULTS: Only 16.20% (88/537) of recipient-donor pairs were found to fully match for nucleotide sequences of all HLA-A,-B,-Cw, -DRB1 and -DQB1 loci. Mismatch rate in single locus were 8.38% in HLA-A, 0.74% in HLA-B, 12.29% in HLA-C, 2.42% in HLA-DRB1, and 2.79% in HLA-DQB1, respectively. Mismatch rate in two or multiple HLA loci was 42.65%. Nonpermissive allele mismatch combinations (A 02:01-A 02:06, A 02:06-A 02:07, Cw 03:04-Cw 15:02, Cw 03:03-Cw 04:01, Cw 03:04-Cw 14:02, Cw 03:03-Cw 08:01, DRB1 04:03:01-DRB1 04:05) were detected in single mismatch HLA locus of recipient-donor pairs, mismatches of B 07:05:01-B 07:06, Cw 07:01:01-Cw 07:06 combinations outside of epitope positions were detected in two recipient-donor pairs. CONCLUSION: Our data suggested that attention should be paid in comparing nucleotide sequences between recipient and donor, and in distinguishing nucleotide sequence mismatches within and outside of the epitope positions. These results could serve as guidelines for donor selection.

[Correlation of killer immunoglobulin-like receptor gene diversity with nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Chinese southern Han population].

The objective of this study was to elucidate the correlation of killer immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) gene diversity with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in the Chinese southern Han population. KIR genotyping of peripheral blood samples from 67 patients with NPC and 77 randomly-selected healthy controls was performed by PCR-SSP, the relative risk (RR) value was calculated by means of Wolf method. The results showed that the KIR2DL3 gene frequency in NPC patient group was significantly lower than that in healthy controls (χ²>3.84, p < 0.05, RR = 0.08), whereas the KIR2DS5 and KIR2DL5B gene frequencies in patient group were significantly higher than those in healthy controls (χ²>3.84, p < 0.05, RR > 1), the other KIR gene frequencies were no statistically different between two groups. It is concluded that the KIR2DL3, KIR2DS5 and KIR2DL5B genes may be correlated with pathogenesis of NPC in the Chinese southern Han population.