RESUMO
BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Symptomatic lumbar spinal stenosis is routinely treated with spinal decompression surgery, with an increasing trend towards minimally invasive techniques. Endoscopic decompression has emerged as a technique which minimizes approach-related morbidity while achieving similar clinical outcomes to conventional open or microscopic approaches. PURPOSE: To assess the safety and efficacy of endoscopic versus microscopic decompression for treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis. STUDY DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS: A systematic review on randomized and nonrandomized studies comparing endoscopic versus microscopic decompression was conducted, in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Treatment effects were computed using pairwise random-effects meta-analysis. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk-of-bias and ROBINS-I tools for randomized and nonrandomized trials respectively. Quality of the overall body of evidence was appraised using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system. RESULTS: A total of 19 primary references comprising 1,997 patients and 2,132 spinal levels were included. Endoscopic decompression was associated with significantly reduced intraoperative blood-loss (weighted mean differences [WMD]=-33.29 mL, 95% CI:-51.80 to -14.78, p=.0032), shorter duration of hospital stay (WMD=-1.79 days, 95% CI: -2.63 to 0.95, p=.001), rates of incidental durotomy (RR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.43 to 0.91, p=.0184) and surgical site infections (RR=0.23, 95% CI: 0.10 to-0.51, p=.001), and a nonsignificant trend towards less back pain, leg pain, and better functional outcomes compared to its microscopic counterpart up to 2-year follow up. CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic and microscopic decompression are safe and effective techniques for treatment of symptomatic lumbar spinal stenosis. Prospective studies of larger power considering medium to long-term outcomes and rates of iatrogenic instability are warranted to compare potential alignment changes and destabilization from either techniques.
Assuntos
Descompressão Cirúrgica , Endoscopia , Vértebras Lombares , Estenose Espinal , Humanos , Descompressão Cirúrgica/métodos , Descompressão Cirúrgica/efeitos adversos , Endoscopia/métodos , Vértebras Lombares/cirurgia , Microcirurgia/métodos , Microcirurgia/efeitos adversos , Estenose Espinal/cirurgia , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Despite recent systematic reviews suggesting their benefit for postoperative nausea, vomiting, or both (PONV) prevention, benzodiazepines have not been incorporated into guidelines for PONV prophylaxis because of concerns about possible adverse effects. We conducted an updated meta-analysis to inform future practice guidelines. METHODS: We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of all languages comparing benzodiazepines with non-benzodiazepine comparators in adults undergoing inpatient surgery. Our outcomes were postoperative nausea, vomiting, or both. We assessed risk of bias for RCTs using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. We pooled data using a random-effects model and assessed the quality of evidence for each outcome using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. RESULTS: We screened 31 413 abstracts and 950 full texts. We included 119 RCTs; 104 were included in quantitative synthesis. Based on moderate certainty evidence, we found that perioperative benzodiazepine administration reduced the incidence of PONV (52 studies, n=5086, relative risk [RR]: 0.77, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.66-0.89; number needed to treat [NNT] 16; moderate certainty), postoperative nausea (55 studies, n=5916, RR: 0.72, 95% CI 0.62-0.83; NNT 21; moderate certainty), and postoperative vomiting (52 studies, n=5909, RR: 0.74, 95% CI 0.60-0.91; NNT 55; moderate certainty). CONCLUSIONS: Moderate quality evidence shows that perioperative benzodiazepine administration decreases the incidence of PONV. The results of this systematic review and meta-analysis will inform future clinical practice guidelines. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW PROTOCOL: The protocol for this systematic review was pre-registered with PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42022361088) and published in BMJ Open (PMID 31831540).
Assuntos
Antieméticos , Benzodiazepinas , Náusea e Vômito Pós-Operatórios , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Náusea e Vômito Pós-Operatórios/prevenção & controle , Humanos , Benzodiazepinas/administração & dosagem , Benzodiazepinas/uso terapêutico , Antieméticos/administração & dosagem , Antieméticos/uso terapêutico , Assistência Perioperatória/métodosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Benzodiazepine use is associated with delirium, and guidelines recommend avoiding them in older and critically ill patients. Their perioperative use remains common because of perceived benefits. METHODS: We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycInfo, and Web of Science from inception to June 2021. Pairs of reviewers identified randomised controlled trials and prospective observational studies comparing perioperative use of benzodiazepines with other agents or placebo in patients undergoing surgery. Two reviewers independently abstracted data, which we combined using a random-effects model. Our primary outcomes were delirium, intraoperative awareness, and mortality. RESULTS: We included 34 randomised controlled trials (n=4354) and nine observational studies (n=3309). Observational studies were considered separately. Perioperative benzodiazepines did not increase the risk of delirium (n=1352; risk ratio [RR] 1.43; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.9-2.27; I2=72%; P=0.13; very low-quality evidence). Use of benzodiazepines instead of dexmedetomidine did, however, increase the risk of delirium (five studies; n=429; RR 1.83; 95% CI: 1.24-2.72; I2=13%; P=0.002). Perioperative benzodiazepine use decreased the risk of intraoperative awareness (n=2245; RR 0.26; 95% CI: 0.12-0.58; I2=35%; P=0.001; very low-quality evidence). When considering non-events, perioperative benzodiazepine use increased the probability of not having intraoperative awareness (RR 1.07; 95% CI: 1.01-1.13; I2=98%; P=0.03; very low-quality evidence). Mortality was reported by one randomised controlled trial (n=800; RR 0.90; 95% CI: 0.20-3.1; P=0.80; very low quality). CONCLUSIONS: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, perioperative benzodiazepine use did not increase postoperative delirium and decreased intraoperative awareness. Previously observed relationships of benzodiazepine use with delirium could be explained by comparisons with dexmedetomidine. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW PROTOCOL: PROSPERO CRD42019128144.
Assuntos
Delírio , Dexmedetomidina , Delírio do Despertar , Consciência no Peroperatório , Humanos , Idoso , Benzodiazepinas/efeitos adversos , Delírio do Despertar/epidemiologia , Delírio do Despertar/prevenção & controle , Dexmedetomidina/uso terapêutico , Delírio/induzido quimicamente , Delírio/prevenção & controle , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Estudos Observacionais como AssuntoAssuntos
Intussuscepção , Neoplasias do Jejuno , Leiomiossarcoma , Segunda Neoplasia Primária , Humanos , Intussuscepção/diagnóstico , Intussuscepção/etiologia , Intussuscepção/cirurgia , Leiomiossarcoma/complicações , Leiomiossarcoma/diagnóstico , Leiomiossarcoma/cirurgia , Intestino Delgado/patologia , Segunda Neoplasia Primária/patologiaRESUMO
Joint denervation has been proposed as a less invasive option for surgical management of hand arthritis that preserves joint anatomy while treating pain and decreasing postoperative recovery times. The purpose of this systematic review was to investigate the efficacy and safety of surgical joint denervation for osteoarthritis in the joints of the hand. EMBASE, MEDLINE, and PubMed databases were searched from January 2000 to March 2019. Studies of adult patients with rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis of the hand who underwent joint denervation surgery were included. Two reviewers performed the screening process, data abstraction, and risk of bias assessment (Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies). This review followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and was registered with PROSPERO (#125811). Ten studies were included, 9 case series and 1 cohort study, with a total of 192 patients. In all studies, joint denervation improved pain and hand function at follow-up (M = 36.8 months, range = 3-90 months). Pooled analysis of 3 studies on the first carpometacarpal joint showed a statistically significant (P < .001) reduction in pain scores from baseline (M = 6.61 ± 2.03) to postoperatively (M = 1.69 ± 1.27). The combined complication rate was 18.8% (n = 36 of 192), with neuropathic pain or unintended sensory loss (8.8%, n = 17 of 192) being the most common. This review suggests that denervation may be an effective and low-morbidity procedure for treating arthritis of the hand. Prospective, comparative studies are required to further understand the outcomes of denervation compared with traditional surgical interventions.
Assuntos
Osteoartrite , Adulto , Humanos , Estudos de Coortes , Estudos Prospectivos , Osteoartrite/cirurgia , Dor/cirurgia , DenervaçãoRESUMO
PURPOSE: Many believe that blood pressure management during cardiac surgery is associated with postoperative outcomes. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to determine the impact of high compared with low intraoperative blood pressure targets on postoperative morbidity and mortality in adults undergoing cardiac surgery on cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Our primary objective was to inform the design of a future large RCT. SOURCE: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, CINAHL, and CENTRAL for RCTs comparing high with low intraoperative blood pressure targets in adult patients undergoing any cardiac surgical procedure on CPB. We screened reference lists, grey literature, and conference proceedings. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We included eight RCTs (N =1,116 participants); all examined the effect of blood pressure management only during the CPB. Trial definitions of high compared with low blood pressure varied and, in some, there was a discrepancy between the target and achieved mean arterial pressure. We observed no difference in delirium, cognitive decline, stroke, acute kidney injury, or mortality between high and low blood pressure targets (very-low to low quality evidence). Higher blood pressure targets may have increased the risk of requiring a blood transfusion (three trials; n = 456 participants; relative risk, 1.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.1 to 1.9; P = 0.01; moderate quality evidence) but this finding was based on a small number of trials. CONCLUSION: Individual trial definitions of high and low blood pressure targets varied, limiting inferences. The effect of high (compared with low) blood pressure targets on other morbidity and mortality after cardiac surgery remains unclear because of limitations with the body of existing evidence. Research to determine the optimal management of blood pressure during cardiac surgery is required. STUDY REGISTRATION: PROSPERO (CRD42020177376); registered: 5 July 2020.
RéSUMé: OBJECTIF: Pour beaucoup, la prise en charge de la pression artérielle pendant la chirurgie cardiaque serait associée aux issues postopératoires. Nous avons réalisé une revue systématique et une méta-analyse d'études randomisées contrôlées (ERC) afin de déterminer l'impact de cibles peropératoires de pression artérielle élevées par rapport à des cibles basses sur la morbidité et la mortalité postopératoires d'adultes bénéficiant d'une chirurgie cardiaque sous circulation extracorporelle (CEC). Notre objectif principal était d'orienter la conception d'une future ERC d'envergure. SOURCES: Nous avons analysé les bases de données MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, CINAHL et CENTRAL afin d'en tirer les ERC comparant des cibles de pression artérielle peropératoire élevées à des cibles basses chez des patients adultes bénéficiant d'une intervention chirurgicale cardiaque sous CEC. Nous avons passé au crible les listes de références, la littérature grise et les travaux de congrès. CONSTATATIONS PRINCIPALES: Nous avons inclus huit ERC (N = 1116 participants); toutes les études ont examiné l'effet de la prise en charge de la pression artérielle uniquement pendant la CEC. Les définitions d'une pression artérielle élevée ou basse variaient d'une étude à l'autre et, dans certains cas, un écart a été noté entre la pression artérielle cible et la pression artérielle moyenne atteinte. Nous n'avons observé aucune différence dans les taux de delirium, de déclin cognitif, d'accident vasculaire cérébral, d'insuffisance rénale aiguë ou de mortalité entre les cibles de pression artérielle élevée et basse (données probantes de qualité très faible à faible). Des cibles de pression artérielle plus élevées pourraient avoir augmenté le risque de transfusion sanguine (trois études; n = 456 participants; risque relatif, 1,4; intervalle de confiance à 95 %, 1,1 à 1,9; P = 0,01; données probantes de qualité modérée), mais ce résultat se fondait sur un petit nombre d'études. CONCLUSION: Les définitions individuelles des cibles d'hypertension et d'hypotension artérielle variaient, ce qui a limité les inférences. L'effet de cibles de pression artérielle élevée (par rapport à une pression artérielle basse) sur d'autres mesures de la morbidité et de la mortalité après une chirurgie cardiaque demeure incertain en raison des limites de l'ensemble des données probantes existantes. Des recherches visant à déterminer la prise en charge optimale de la pression artérielle pendant la chirurgie cardiaque sont nécessaires. ENREGISTREMENT DE L'éTUDE: PROSPERO (CRD42020177376); enregistrée le 5 juillet 2020.
Assuntos
Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos , Hipotensão , Adulto , Ponte Cardiopulmonar/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Morbidade , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como AssuntoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Hypocalcemia is cited as a complication of massive transfusion. However, this is not well studied as a primary outcome in trauma patients. Our primary outcome was to determine if transfusion of packed red blood cells (pRBC) was an independent predictor of severe hypocalcemia (ionized calcium ≤ 3.6 mg/dL). METHODS: Retrospective, single-center study (01/2004-12/2014) including all trauma patients ≥ 18 yo presenting to the ED with an ionized calcium (iCa) level drawn. Variables extracted included demographics, interventions, outcomes, and iCa. Regression models identified independent risk factors for severe hypocalcemia (SH). RESULTS: Seven thousand four hundred and thirty-one included subjects, 716 (9.8%) developed SH within 48 h of admission. Median age: 39 (Range: 18-102), systolic blood pressure: 131 (IQR: 114-150), median Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS): 15 (IQR: 10-15), Injury Severity Score (ISS): 14 (IQR: 9-24). SH patients were more likely to have depressed GCS (13 vs 15, p < 0.0001), hypotension (23.2% vs 5.1%, p < 0.0001) and tachycardia (57.0% vs 41.9%, p < 0.0001) compared to non-SH patients. They also had higher emergency operative rate (71.8% vs 29%, p < 0.0001) and higher blood administration prior to minimum iCa [pRBC: (8 vs 0, p < 0.0001), FFP: (4 vs 0, p < 0.0001), platelet: (1 vs 0, p < 0.0001)]. Multivariable analysis revealed penetrating mechanism (AOR: 1.706), increased ISS (AOR: 1.029), and higher pRBC (AOR: 1.343) or FFP administered (AOR: 1.097) were independent predictors of SH. SH was an independent predictor of mortality (AOR: 2.658). Regression analysis identified a significantly higher risk of SH at pRBC + FFP administration of 4 units (AOR: 18.706, AUC:. 897 (0.884-0.909). CONCLUSION: Transfusion of pRBC is an independent predictor of SH and is associated with increased mortality. The predicted probability of SH increases as pRBC + FFP administration increases.
Assuntos
Transfusão de Componentes Sanguíneos/efeitos adversos , Hipocalcemia , Ferimentos e Lesões , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Humanos , Hipocalcemia/diagnóstico , Hipocalcemia/etiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Plasma , Estudos Retrospectivos , Centros de Traumatologia , Ferimentos e Lesões/complicações , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Despite advances in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HSPC) transplant for HIV-1-infected patients, the impact of a preexisting HIV-1 infection on the engraftment and clonal repopulation of HSPCs remains poorly understood. We have developed a long terminal repeat indexing-mediated integration site sequencing (LTRi-Seq) method that provides a multiplexed clonal quantitation of both anti-HIV-1 RNAi (RNA interference) gene-modified and control vector-modified cell populations, together with HIV-1-infected cells-all within the same animal. In our HIV-1-preinfected humanized mice, both therapeutic and control HSPCs repopulated efficiently without abnormalities. Although the HIV-1-mediated selection of anti-HIV-1 RNAi-modified clones was evident in HIV-1-infected mice, the organ-to-organ and intra-organ clonal distributions in infected mice were indistinguishable from those in uninfected mice. HIV-1-infected cells showed clonal patterns distinct from those of HSPCs. Our data demonstrate that, despite the substantial impact of HIV-1 infection on CD4+ T cells, HSPC repopulation remains polyclonal, thus supporting the use of HSPC transplant for anti-HIV treatment.
Assuntos
Infecções por HIV , HIV-1 , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas , Animais , Infecções por HIV/genética , Infecções por HIV/terapia , HIV-1/genética , Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas , Humanos , Camundongos , Interferência de RNARESUMO
We previously reported that the cell cycle-related cyclin-dependent kinase 4-retinoblastoma (RB) transcriptional corepressor pathway is essential for stroke-induced cell death both in vitro and in vivo However, how this signaling pathway induces cell death is unclear. Previously, we found that the cyclin-dependent kinase 4 pathway activates the pro-apoptotic transcriptional co-regulator Cited2 in vitro after DNA damage. In the present study, we report that Cited2 protein expression is also dramatically increased following stroke/ischemic insult. Critically, utilizing conditional knockout mice, we show that Cited2 is required for neuronal cell death, both in culture and in mice after ischemic insult. Importantly, determining the mechanism by which Cited2 levels are regulated, we found that E2F transcription factor (E2F) family members participate in Cited2 regulation. First, E2F1 expression induced Cited2 transcription, and E2F1 deficiency reduced Cited2 expression. Moreover, determining the potential E2F-binding regions on the Cited2 gene regulatory sequence by ChIP analysis, we provide evidence that E2F1/4 proteins bind to this DNA region. A luciferase reporter assay to probe the functional outcomes of this interaction revealed that E2F1 activates and E2F4 inhibits Cited2 transcription. Moreover, we identified the functional binding motif for E2F1 in the Cited2 gene promoter by demonstrating that mutation of this site dramatically reduces E2F1-mediated Cited2 transcription. Finally, E2F1 and E2F4 regulated Cited2 expression in neurons after stroke-related insults. Taken together, these results indicate that the E2F-Cited2 regulatory pathway is critically involved in stroke injury.
Assuntos
Fator de Transcrição E2F1/metabolismo , Fator de Transcrição E2F4/metabolismo , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Neurônios/metabolismo , Proteínas Repressoras/biossíntese , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/metabolismo , Transativadores/biossíntese , Motivos de Aminoácidos , Animais , Morte Celular , Fator de Transcrição E2F1/genética , Fator de Transcrição E2F4/genética , Camundongos , Camundongos Transgênicos , Neurônios/patologia , Proteínas Repressoras/genética , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/genética , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/patologia , Transativadores/genéticaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass is the gold standard for weight loss surgery. This procedure creates two to three mesenteric defects, depending on ante-colic versus retro-colic technique. Current literature supports mesenteric defect closure, but there is no consensus on how to best close these defects. Described options include running separate suture lines for each defect, or employing endoscopic staplers for defect closure. METHODS: This is a video/dynamic manuscript on operative technique. RESULTS: We describe an alternative technique that does not require an extra laparoscopic instrument and is more efficient than traditional suture lines due to less suturing. CONCLUSIONS: The technique maintains low gastric bypass complication rates by closing mesenteric defects, while keeping intra-operative costs low, and minimizing time spent on the defect closures.
Assuntos
Derivação Gástrica , Mesentério/cirurgia , Técnicas de Fechamento de Ferimentos , HumanosRESUMO
To raise awareness for surgeons encountering bariatric patients with anatomy that deviates from the standard Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). This is a single-institution retrospective case series over 12 years (2003-2014) involving patients who believed they received RYGBs, but actually did not. Data was obtained reviewing physician encounters, imaging, and operative reports. There were six cases with confusing clinical pictures, found to have aberrant RYGB anatomy: (1) gastric bypass with jejuno-jejunostomy only without gastrojejunostomy, (2) distal partial vertical gastrectomy without expected prosthetic band, (3) inverse vertical banded gastroplasty, (4) non-divided gastric bypass with no gastrojejunostomy, (5) 20-cm Roux limb, with gastro-gastric fistula, and (6) 200-cm bilio-pancreatic limb similar to the traditional Scopinaro procedure. There are cases of "Roux-en-Y gastric bypasses" that have no resemblance to the named procedure at all. Adjunctive upper gastrointestinal studies and upper endoscopies help surgeons make diagnoses that are incongruent with the surgical history. It is important to keep in mind that there could be anatomic or surgical variations which were born out of necessity or based on other surgeons' creativities.
Assuntos
Cirurgia Bariátrica/efeitos adversos , Obesidade Mórbida/cirurgia , Adulto , Cirurgia Bariátrica/métodos , Cirurgia Bariátrica/psicologia , Feminino , Gastrectomia , Derivação Gástrica , Gastroplastia/métodos , Humanos , Jejunostomia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Redução de PesoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: There is continued debate regarding the optimal period of bed-rest and in-hospital monitoring for non-operative management of solid organ injury following blunt trauma. METHODS: Single center, prospective, observational study of blunt solid organ injuries from 07/2014-02/2016, managed initially without surgical or angiographic intervention. Early ambulation was defined as ≤24 h. RESULTS: 79 patients met inclusion criteria, with 36 (45.6%) in the early ambulation group and 43 (54.4%) in the late ambulation group. There were zero complications in the early ambulation group, and three complications in the late ambulation group (complications, p = 0.246; further interventions, p = 0.498). Median ICU LOS was zero days and three days for early vs. late ambulation, p = 0.001. Median total LOS was two days and five days for early vs. late ambulation, p < 0.001. CONCLUSION: Early ambulation is safe in patients undergoing non-operative management of their solid organ injury, and may result in a reduced length of stay.
Assuntos
Traumatismos Abdominais/terapia , Deambulação Precoce , Ferimentos não Penetrantes/terapia , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Data regarding outcomes after peripheral nerve injuries is limited, and the optimal management strategy for an acute injury is unclear. The aim of this study was to examine timing of repair and specific factors that impact motor-sensory outcomes after peripheral nerve injury. METHODS: This was a single-center, retrospective study. Patients with traumatic peripheral nerve injury from January 2010 to June 2015 were included. Patients who died, required amputation, suffered brachial plexus injury, or had missing motor-sensory examinations were excluded. Motor-sensory examinations were graded 0 to 5 by the Modified British Medical Research Council system. Operative repair of peripheral nerves was analyzed for patient characteristics, anatomic nerve injured, level of injury, associated injuries, days until repair, and repair method. RESULTS: Three hundred eleven patients met inclusion criteria. Two hundred fifty-eight (83%) patients underwent operative management, and 53 (17%) underwent nonoperative management. Those who required operative intervention had significantly more penetrating injuries 85.7% versus 64.2% (p < 0.001), worse initial motor scores 1.19 versus 2.23 (p = 0.004), and worse initial sensory examination scores 1.75 versus 2.28 (p = 0.029). Predictors of improved operative motor outcomes on univariate analysis were Injury Severity Score less than 15 (p = 0.013) and male sex (p = 0.006). Upper arm level of injury was a predictor of poor outcome (p = 0.041). Multivariate analysis confirmed male sex as a predictor of good motor outcome (p = 0.014; Adjusted Odds Ratio, 3.88 [1.28-11.80]). Univariate analysis identified distal forearm level of injury (p = 0.026) and autograft repair (p = 0.048) as predictors of poor sensory outcome. Damage control surgery for unstable patients undergoing laparotomy (p = 0.257) and days to nerve repair (p = 0.834) did not influence motor-sensory outcome. Outcomes did not differ significantly in patients who underwent repair 24 hours or longer versus those who were repaired later. CONCLUSION: Outcomes were primarily influenced by patient characteristics and injury level rather than operative characteristics. Peripheral nerve injuries can be repaired after damage control surgery without detriment to outcomes. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Prognostic study, level III.
Assuntos
Traumatismos dos Nervos Periféricos/cirurgia , Tempo para o Tratamento , Adulto , Idoso , Aloenxertos , Autoenxertos , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Traumatismos dos Nervos Periféricos/terapia , Nervos Periféricos/transplante , Estudos Retrospectivos , Ferimentos e Lesões/complicações , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Elevated creatinine kinase (CK) can indicate rhabdomyolysis, a risk factor for acute kidney injury (AKI). We investigated risk factors and clinical significance of peak CK levels. METHODS: Retrospective analysis, adult trauma patients. Logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for elevated CK and AKI. RESULTS: 3240 trauma patients were analyzed; median time to peak CK was 17 h and 347 patients had peak CK > 5000. On multivariable analysis, younger males with severe injury were more likely to have peak CK > 5000 and peak CK > 5000 was an independent risk factor for AKI (AOR 3.79). Although peak CK levels were significantly lower in older patients (1,637U/L vs 2,604U/L), older patients were more likely to develop AKI at lower CK levels. CONCLUSIONS: CK levels commonly peak within 1-2 days after admission. Despite lower peak CK levels, older patients are more likely to develop AKI. These data may support more rigorous CK monitoring and lower intervention threshold in older patients.
Assuntos
Injúria Renal Aguda/sangue , Injúria Renal Aguda/epidemiologia , Creatina Quinase/sangue , Ferimentos não Penetrantes/sangue , Ferimentos Penetrantes/sangue , Injúria Renal Aguda/etiologia , Adulto , Estado Terminal , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Ferimentos não Penetrantes/complicações , Ferimentos Penetrantes/complicações , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Thrombosis is a devastating complication after repair of traumatic vascular injury. Although thrombosis rates have been described, the value of anticoagulation in preventing postrepair thrombosis is unknown. We hypothesize that postoperative anticoagulation reduces thrombosis rates. A total of 1524 consecutive patients with traumatic arterial injuries from January 2005 to June 2015 were identified, and 381 patients underwent the following repair types: direct suture of vessel wall, primary anastomosis, extra-anatomic reconstruction, tissue and synthetic interposition reconstruction. Twenty six patients received postoperative heparin at therapeutic levels, and 29 patients received postoperative aspirin for five consecutive days. The heparin and aspirin groups were matched with patients without postoperative anticoagulation by the following variables: anatomic arterial injury, type of vascular repair, and age. These groups were then compared using the following outcome measures: mortality, thrombosis of repaired vessel, amputation, hemorrhage, cerebral vascular accident, and extremity compartment syndrome. The demographics between the heparin, aspirin, and respectively matched groups were not statistically different. There was no statistically significant difference in the rate of thrombosis, bleeding, compartment syndrome, cerebral vascular accident, limb amputation, or mortality. Although there was no increase in bleeding complications with the use of heparin or aspirin, there was also no impact on the rate of thrombosis.
Assuntos
Anticoagulantes/administração & dosagem , Artérias/lesões , Inibidores da Agregação Plaquetária/administração & dosagem , Trombose/tratamento farmacológico , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Vasculares/efeitos adversos , Lesões do Sistema Vascular/cirurgia , Artérias/cirurgia , Aspirina/administração & dosagem , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Feminino , Seguimentos , Heparina/administração & dosagem , Humanos , Masculino , Cuidados Pós-Operatórios/métodos , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/prevenção & controle , Estudos Retrospectivos , Medição de Risco , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Trombose/prevenção & controle , Centros de Traumatologia , Resultado do Tratamento , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Vasculares/métodos , Lesões do Sistema Vascular/diagnóstico , Lesões do Sistema Vascular/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
This study investigated the chemical composition, in vitro cytotoxic, and antimicrobial activities of the essential oil isolated from the flower of Diospyros discolor from Taiwan. The essential oil was isolated using hydrodistillation in a Clevenger-type apparatus, and characterized by GC-FID and GC-MS. Twenty-eight compounds were identified, representing 100% of the oil. The main components identified were (2Z,6E)-farnesol (35.0%), α-cadinol (10.9%), (E)-nerolidol (6.9%), α-humulene (6.0%), τ-cadinol (5.6%), ß-caryophyllene (5.3%), and τ-muurolol (5.3%). The oil exhibited cytotoxic activity against human colon, liver, and lung cancer cells. The active compounds were ß-caryophyllene, α-humulene, τ-cadinol, τ-muurolol, α-cadinol, and (2Z,6E)-farnesol. The antimicrobial activity of the oil was tested by the disc diffusion and micro-broth dilution methods against ten microbial species. The oil exhibited moderate to strong growth suppression against Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, and Candida albicans, with inhibition zones of 40 to 52 mm and MIC values of 31.25-62.5 µg/mL, respectively. For the antimicrobial activities of the oil, the active compounds were determined to be α-cadinol, τ-cadinol, τ-muurolol and (2Z,6E)-farnesol.
Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos/análise , Diospyros/química , Óleos Voláteis/química , Ensaios de Seleção de Medicamentos Antitumorais , Flores/química , Células HT29 , Humanos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , TaiwanRESUMO
This study investigated the chemical composition and in vitro anticancer activities of the essential oil isolated from the leaf of Neolitsea variabillima. The essential oil was isolated using hydrodistillation in a Clevenger-type apparatus, and characterized by GC-FID and GC-MS. Sixty-seven compounds were identified, representing 100% of the oil. The main components identified were trans-beta-ocimene (13.4%), alpha-cadinol (10.5%), terpinen-4-ol (9.3%), tau-cadinol (9.2%), beta-caryophyllene (8.8%), and sabinene (6.7%). The anticancer activities of oil were evaluated. The results showed that the oil exhibited cytotoxic activity against human oral, liver, lung, colon, melanoma, and leukemic cancer cells. The presence of beta-caryophyllene, tau-cadinol, and alpha-cadinol significantly contributed to the anticancer activities of N. variabillima leaf oil.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/farmacologia , Lauraceae/química , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Animais , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Humanos , Óleos Voláteis/análise , Folhas de Planta/química , TaiwanRESUMO
This study investigated the chemical composition, anticancer, and antimicrobial activities in vitro of the essential oil isolated from the heartwood of Cunninghamia lanceolata var. konishii from Taiwan. The essential oil was isolated using hydrodistillation in a Clevenger-type apparatus, and characterized by GC-FID and GC-MS. Thirty-seven compounds were identified, representing 100% of the oil. The main components identified were cedrol (58.3%), alpha-cedrene (11.8%), alpha-terpineol (4.2%) and beta-cedrene (3.5%). The oil exhibited cytotoxic activity against human lung, liver and oral cancer cells. The active source compound was cedrol. The antimicrobial activity of the oil was tested by the disc diffusion and micro-broth dilution methods against ten microbial species. The oil exhibited strong growth suppression against Gram-positive bacteria and yeast with inhibition zones of 42-50 mm to MIC values of 31.25-62.5 microg/mL, respectively. For the antimicrobial activities of the oil, the active compound was determined to be cedrol.