One case of myxoid glioneuronal tumour in the left frontal lobe.

Myxoid glioneuronal tumour (MGNT), previously described as dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumour of the septum pellucidum, was classified as a new tumour type in the fifth edition of the WHO Central Nervous System Tumor Classification of 2021. This classification was based on its anatomical location, imaging features, and genetic characteristics. MGNTs are clinically rare and prone to misdiagnosis. In this report, we present a case of MGNT in the left frontal lobe, which was confirmed through surgical pathology.

Depigmentation of Melanin-containing Tissues Using Hypochlorous Acid to Enhance Hematoxylin-eosin and Immunohistochemical Staining.

Pathologists diagnose diseases by observing the histologic and cellular morphology microscopically. However, the high pigmentation in melanin-containing tumors can hide the tumor cell structures, making diagnosing challenging. Previously, hydrogen peroxide and potassium permanganate were utilized for melanin bleaching with several limitations. For instance, hydrogen peroxide has a weak bleaching ability, and the process is time-consuming (12 h). Meanwhile, potassium permanganate affects the antigenicity of antigens and is unsuitable for immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. In this study, the hypochlorous acid (HClO) solution was applied to hematoxylin-eosin and IHC staining of melanin tissue sections. The study discovered that 1% HClO could completely bleach melanin particles in tumor tissues in a short period (19.95 ± 2.53 min) without compromising the hematoxylin-eosin staining. In addition, 2% HClO was utilized for bleaching at room temperature for 61.17 ± 4.32 minutes after the tissue was incubated with 3,3'-diaminobenzidine in IHC staining. This treatment effectively removed melanin without negatively impacting 3,3'-diaminobenzidine signal expression, thus ensuring that the sections met the necessary diagnostic requirements. Therefore, this method could facilitate pathologists in disease diagnosis of melanin-containing tissues.

[Auricle fibrosarcoma:a case report].

A male patient, 67 years old, was admitted with the left auricle neoplasm over two months, increased rapidly for 10 days, on November 5, 2013. The tumer is about 2. 0 cm ×× 2. 0 cm size, smooth surface, no burst, hard, painless, and immobilization. After admission biopsy, the pathological report: "spindle cell sarcoma", thin a total resection of the left auricle under local anesthesia was made, postoperative pathological report: tumor by short of spindle cells, arranged in bunchiness, a small number of seats is arrangeA striate;The nuclei are hyperchromatic and part of the visible nucleoli and empty bright cytoplasm, pathological nuclear fission was visible. "Scar" on the matrix of collagen, hardening, and change the glass samples. The tumor destruction of cartilage. immunohistochemical stainin : Vimentin (+), CD99 (-), Bcl-2 (-), CD34 (-), SMA (-), Des (-), HMB45 (-), MelanA(-), S-100(-), CK(-). Diagnosis as fibrosarcoma. The patient refused any radiation or chemotherapy. Postoperative follow-up of 8 months, no local recurrence and distant metastasis.

Nipple discharge of CA15-3, CA125, CEA and TSGF as a new biomarker panel for breast cancer.

Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in women. Serum biomarkers such as cancer antigen 15-3 (CA15-3), cancer antigen 125 (CA125), and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) can be used as diagnostic and prognostic factors and can also provide valuable information during follow-up. However, serum protein biomarkers show limited diagnostic sensitivity and specificity in stand-alone assays because their levels reflect tumor burden. To validate whether biomarkers in nipple discharge may serve as novel biomarkers for breast cancer, we composed a panel of potential cancer biomarkers, including CA15-3, CA125, CEA, and malignant tumor-specific growth factor (TSGF), and evaluated their expression in both serum and nipple discharge in order to explore the expression and significance of estrogen receptor (ER), progestrone receptor (PR), epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER2/neu), CA15-3, CA125, CEA, and TSGF expression for their combined predictive value for breast cancer and in judging the prognosis of breast cancer. Univariate analysis revealed that combined detection of CA15-3, CA125, CEA, and TSGF in nipple discharge served as novel biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of breast cancer, but in the multivariate analyses the adverse effects of the four biomarkers combination in nipple discharge positivity on overall survival were lost. Multivariate analysis revealed that the positivity of the combined detection of the four biomarkers in both nipple discharge and serum was significantly higher than that of other detection methods. Thus, the combined detection of these four biomarkers both in serum and nipple discharge was retained as an independent prognostic variable in breast cancer patients. Our results indicate that CA15-3, CA125, CEA, and TSGF in nipple discharge can serve as novel biomarkers in the diagnosis and prognosis of breast cancer.

Plasmacytoid urothelial carcinoma of the bladder.

Plasmacytoid urothelial carcinoma (PUC) of the urinary bladder is an uncommon and aggressive variant of urothelial carcinoma associated with late presentation and poor prognosis. Immunohistochemical examination showing expression of epithelial markers, CD138, and losing the membranous expression of E-cadherin confirms evidence of PUC. Here, we report a case of bladder PUC of a 74-year-old male who presented with hematuria. A transurethral biopsy revealed urothelial carcinoma with plasmacytoid appearance. The diagnostic dilemmas of this unusual variant of urothelial malignancy and its clinical impact are discussed. The pathological diagnosis was PUC (High-grade, pT4N2M0) with diffuse muscle, small tracts, and vascular invasion, in which almost of the areas studied on the tissue section showed Plasmacytoid differentiation.