The synergistic effect of organic silicone quaternary ammonium salt and 5-fluorouracil on hepatocellular carcinoma in vitro and in vivo.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third most common type of cancer worldwide, causing over 370,000 deaths per year, with approximately half of them in China. Chemotherapy is the optimal treatment for patients with advanced HCC, although chemoresistance has become a significant obstacle to successful liver cancer surgery. In this paper, we have assessed the characteristics of drugs to explore the effects of individual and combined action of organic silicone quaternary ammonium salt (Jieyoushen) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). The results of MTT assays showed that single and combined action of Jieyoushen and 5-FU can inhibit the proliferation of liver carcinoma cell lines in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner, respectively. Electron microscopy and Hoechst 33342 staining showed characteristic apoptotic bodies in apoptotic cells treated with Jieyoushen and 5-FU. Flow cytometry results indicated that the percentage of cells at G0/G1 phase gradually increased, whereas it gradually decreased during the S phase after treatment. Taken together, these results suggest that the combination of Jieyoushen with 5-FU exerts a synergistic anticancer effect on HCC growth and that targeted therapeutic strategies may improve HCC sensitivity to chemotherapy.

Correlations of P21-activated kinase 1 expression to clinicopathological features of gastric carcinoma and patients' prognosis.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Recent studies proved that P21-activated kinase 1 (PAK1) is highly expressed in many kinds of tumor and plays an important role in genesis, development, and metastasis of tumor. We aimed to detect the expression of PAK1 in gastric carcinoma and to analyze its relationship with clinicopathological features and prognosis of gastric carcinoma. METHODS: Tissue microarray and immunohistochemical staining were performed to detect PAK1 in paraffin specimens of 189 gastric carcinomas, 54 paracancer tissues, 40 lymph nodes and 30 healthy tissues. Clinicopathologic features and follow-up data of the patients were analyzed by the Chi2 test and the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: Positive rate of PAK1 was 73.0% in gastric carcinoma, 57.4% in paracancer tissues and 23.3% in healthy controls (Chi2 = 29.364, P < 0.05). Expression of PAK1 was significantly correlated with tumor size, tumor differentiation, lymph node metastasis, Lauren classification and invasive depth (all P < 0.05). The positive rate of PAK1 was significantly higher in primary gastric carcinomas than in metastatic lymph nodes (75.0% vs. 52.5%, Chi2 = 4.381, P < 0.05). Survival analysis using the Kaplan-Meier method showed that the expression of PAK1 was a predictor for poor prognosis of the patients with gastric carcinoma (Chi2 = 6.857, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Expression of PAK1 is an early molecular event in the tumorigenesis of gastric carcinoma. It is also closely correlated the development of gastric carcinoma and the patients' prognosis.

[Relationship between Ets-1 expression and angiogenesis, clinicopathological features and survival of patients with gastric carcinoma].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of Ets-1 in gastric carcinoma, para-cancerous tissue and metastatic lymph nodes, and to determine the relationship between Ets-1 expression and clinicopathological features, angiogenesis and survival of patients with gastric carcinoma. METHODS: Gastric carcinoma tissue microarray was used to determine Ets-1 protein expression by SP immunohistochemical staining in 189 advanced gastric cancer, 54 papacancerous tissues, 41 metastatic lymph nodes and 32 control tissues. RESULTS: The positive rates for Ets-1 expression of the carcinoma, paracancerous and control tissues were 71.4%, 29.6% and 18.8%, respectively, with a significant difference among the three groups (P < 0.01). In the cancer tissues, the positive rate of Ets-1 protein expression was significantly associated with depth of invasion and lymph node metastasis (P < 0.01), but not associated with degree of differentiation, Lauren's histological type, sex, age, and size of tumor (P > 0.05). The positive rates for Ets-1 expression of the 41 gastric cancer and 41 metastatic lymph nodes were significantly different (P < 0.05). In metastatic lymph nodes, the positive rate for Ets-1 expression was higher. The MVD in Ets-1 positive tumors was higher than that in the Ets-1 negative tumors, with a significant difference (P < 0.05). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the survival time of Ets-1-negative patients was longer than that of Ets-1-positive patients (P < 0.05). Cox regression analysis showed that Ets-1 expression was not an independent prognostic factor of gastric carcinoma. CONCLUSION: A higher expression of Ets-1 is involved in carcinogenesis, development, invasion, and metastasis of gastric cancer. Ets-1 plays an important role in angiogenesis in gastric cancer. Ets-1 is a useful marker for predicting the outcome for patients with gastric carcinoma, though it is not an independent prognostic indicator.