Production of Bioactive Peptides from Tartary Buckwheat by Solid-State Fermentation with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ATCC 14917.

Buckwheat is a valuable crop that contains various nutrients and functional components. Tartary buckwheat peptide is a protease-hydrolyzed protein with a wide range of physiological functions. Tartary buckwheat peptide produced through microbial fermentation can decrease the enzymatic digestion of buckwheat protein, which contributes to the bitter taste, and improve both the flavor and texture of buckwheat peptide products. In this study, microbial fermentation using probiotics was employed to prepare Tartary buckwheat peptides, and the preparation process was optimized. Based on single-factor experiments, the polypeptide content in the fermentation solution initially increased and then decreased with varying water content, inoculum concentration, glucose addition, fermentation temperature, fermentation time, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate addition. According to the response surface methodology, the maximum peptide content was achieved under fermentation conditions of 60.0% moisture content, 12.87% inoculum ratio, 2.0% glucose, and a fermentation temperature of 30.0 °C, with an actual value of (22.18 ± 1.02) mg/mL. The results show that fermentation with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum produces higher peptide levels and is safer than other microbial fermentation methods.

Theoretical study on the selective binding of BH3-only protein BAD to anti-apoptotic protein BCL-xL instead of MCL-1.

In this study, molecular dynamics simulations were used to systematically explore the reason why BH3-only protein BAD binds to anti-apoptotic protein BCL-xL but not to MCL-1 to give more theoretical hints for the design of BAD mimetic inhibitors for the dual-targeting of BCL-xL and MCL-1. Starting with the difference in residue-based binding energy contributions, a series of analyses were conducted to identify the hotspot residues in MCL-1 that significantly affect the interaction with BAD. Among them, the insertion of the T residue in the loop between α4 and α5 domains of MCL-1 is considered to be the main cause of BAD selective binding. The inserted T residue reduces the stability of the loop and weakens the hydrogen bond interactions that originally bound E19 of BAD in BCL-xL/BAD, and the freed E19 severely interferes with the salt bridge between D16 and Arg53 by electrostatic repulsion. This salt-bridge is believed to be critical for maintaining the binding between BCL-xL and BAD. By clarifying the reasons for differential binding, we can more specifically optimize the BAD sequence to target both BCL-xL and MCL-1.

LRRK2G2019S Gene Mutation Causes Skeletal Muscle Impairment in Animal Model of Parkinson's Disease.

BACKGROUND: While the gradually aggravated motor and non-motor disorders of Parkinson's disease (PD) lead to progressive disability and frequent falling, skeletal muscle impairment may contribute to this condition. The leucine-rich repeat kinase2 (LRRK2) is a common disease-causing gene in PD. Little is known about its role in skeletal muscle impairment and its underlying mechanisms. METHODS: To investigate whether the mutation in LRRK2 causes skeletal muscle impairment, we used 3-month-old (3mo) and 14-month-old (14mo) LRRK2G2019S transgenic (TG) mice as a model of PD, compared with the age-matched littermate wild-type (WT) controls. We measured the muscle mass and strength, ultrastructure, inflammatory infiltration, mitochondrial morphology and dynamics dysfunction through behavioural analysis, electromyography (EMG), immunostaining, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and other molecular biology techniques. RESULTS: The 3mo-TG mice display mild skeletal muscle impairment with spontaneous potentials in EMG (increased by 130%, p < 0.05), myofibre necrosis (p < 0.05) and myosin heavy chain-II changes (reduced by 19%, p < 0.01). The inflammatory cells and macrophage infiltration are significantly increased (CD8a+ and CD68+ cells up 1060% and 579%, respectively, both p < 0.0001) compared with the WT mice. All of the above pathogenic processes are aggravated by aging. The 14mo-TG mice EMG examinations show a reduced duration (by 31%, p < 0.01) and increased polyphasic waves of motor unit action potentials (by 28%, p < 0.05). The 14mo-TG mice present motor behavioural deficits (p < 0.05), muscle strength and mass reduction by 37% and 8% (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). A remarkable increase in inflammatory infiltration is accompanied by pro-inflammatory cytokines in the skeletal muscles. TEM analysis shows muscle fibre regeneration with the reduced length of sarcomeres (by 6%;p < 0.05). The muscle regeneration is activated as Pax7+ cells increased by 106% (p < 0.0001), andmyoblast determination protein elevated by 71% (p < 0.01). We also document the morphological changes and dynamics dysfunction of mitochondria with the increase of mitofusin1 by 43% (p < 0.05) and voltage-dependent anion channel 1 by 115% (p < 0.001) in the skeletal muscles of 14mo-TG mice. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, these findings may provide new insights into the clinical and pathogenic involvement of LRRK2G2019 mutation in muscles, suggesting that the diseases may affect not only midbrain dopaminergic neurons, but also other tissues, and it may help overall clinical management of this devastating disease.

Construction of thyroid cancer classification and iodine metabolism related diagnostic model using thyroid differentiation score and bioinformation.

To more accurately diagnose and treat patients with different subtypes of thyroid cancer, we constructed a diagnostic model related to the iodine metabolism of THCA subtypes. THCA expression profiles, corresponding clinicopathological information, and single-cell RNA-seq were downloaded from TCGA and GEO databases. Genes related to thyroid differentiation score were obtained by GSVA. Through logistic analyses, the diagnostic model was finally constructed. DCA curve, ROC curve, machine learning, and K-M analysis were used to verify the accuracy of the model. qRT-PCR was used to verify the expression of hub genes in vitro. There were 104 crossover genes between different TDS and THCA subtypes. Finally, 5 genes (ABAT, CHEK1, GPX3, NME5, and PRKCQ) that could independently predict the TDS subpopulation were obtained, and a diagnostic model was constructed. ROC, DCA, and RCS curves exhibited that the model has accurate prediction ability. K-M and subgroup analysis results showed that low model scores were strongly associated with poor PFI in THCA patients. The model score was significantly negatively correlated with T cell follicular helper. In addition, the diagnostic model was significantly negatively correlated with immune scores. Finally, the results of qRT-PCR corresponded with bioinformatics results. This diagnostic model has good diagnostic and prognostic value for THCA patients, and can be used as an independent prognostic indicator for THCA patients.

Synthesis, characterization and anticancer, antibacterial activities of pentacyclic triterpenoid glycoside derivatives.

As a kind of glycoside, pentacyclic triterpenoid saponins have good biological activities, such as anticancer, antibacterial, antiviral and hypoglycemic effects [1]. In this paper, twenty-four pentacyclic triterpenoid derivatives, including twelve monosaccharide derivatives, were designed and synthesized. The anticancer effect and antibacterial activities of all compounds were evaluated. It is noteworthy that compound UA-2b has the strongest inhibitory effect on the growth of A549, Hela and HepG2 cancer cells (IC50 = 5.37 ± 0.22 µM, 5.82 ± 0.25 µM and 5.47 ± 0.06 µM, respectively). Compounds OA-2b, OA-6a, OA-6b, UA-2b and UA-6a have the best activity against Escherichia coli 1924 (MIC = 16 µg/ml).

Functional Effects of Probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum in Alleviation Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli-Associated Colitis in BALB/c Mice Model.

Multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli (MDR-E. coli) is a global health concern. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are important probiotics that have beneficial effects on health, and in recent years, their influences in preventing foodborne pathogens-induced colitis have attracted much attention. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the oral administration of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum NWAFU-BIO-BS29 as an emerging approach to alleviate MDR-E. coli-induced colitis in BALB/c mice model. To illustrate the mode of action of NWAFU-BIO-BS29 interventions with the gut microbiota and immune responses, the changes on the colonic mucosal barrier, regulatory of the gene expressions of inflammatory cytokines, re-modulating the intestinal microflora, and changes in physiological parameters were studied. The results indicated that daily supplementation of 200 µL fresh bacteria for 7 days had ameliorated the associated colitis and partially prevented the infection. The modes of action by ameliorating the inflammatory response, which destructed villous and then affected the intestinal barrier integrity, reducing the secretion of interleukins (6 and ß) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) in serum by 87.88-89.93%, 30.73-35.98%, and 19.14-22.32%, respectively, enhancing the expressions of some epithelial integrity-related proteins in the mouse mucous layer of mucins 2 and 3, Claudin-1, and Occludin by 130.00-661.85%, 27.64-57.35%, 75.52-162.51%, and 139.36-177.73%, respectively, and 56.09-73.58% for toll-like receptor (TLR4) in colon tissues. Notably, the mouse gut microbiota analysis showed an increase in the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria, including Lactobacillus, Bacteriodales bacterium, Candidatus Saccharimonas, Enterorhabdus, and Bacilli. Furthermore, the probiotic promoted the proliferation of epithelia and goblet cells by increasing short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) levels by 19.23-31.39%. In conclusion, L. plantarum NWAFU-BIO-BS29 has potential applications and can be considered a safe dietary supplement to ameliorate the colitis inflammation symptoms of MDR-E. coli infection.

An overview of the direct interaction of synthesized silver nanostructures and enzymes.

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have drawn a lot of attention from a variety of fields, particularly the biological and biomedical sciences. As a result, it is acknowledged that AgNPs' direct interactions with macromolecules such as DNA, proteins, and enzymes are essential for both therapeutic and nanotoxicological applications. Enzymes as important catalysts may interact with AgNP surfaces in a variety of ways. Therefore, mechanistic investigation into the molecular effects of AgNPs on enzyme conformation and function is necessary for a comprehensive assessment of their interactions. In this overview, we aimed to overview the various strategies for producing AgNPs. We then discussed the enzyme activity inhibition (EAI) mechanism by nanostructured particles, followed by an in-depth survey of the interaction of AgNPs with different enzymes. Furthermore, various parameters influencing the interaction of NPs and enzymes, as well as the antibacterial and anticancer effects of AgNPs in the context of the enzyme inhibitors, were discussed. In summary, useful information regarding the biological safety and possible therapeutic applications of AgNPs-enzyme conjugates may be obtained from this review.

Surface Engineering of Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Breast Cancer Diagnostics and Drug Delivery.

Data published in 2020 by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) of the World Health Organization show that breast cancer (BC) has become the most common cancer globally, affecting more than 2 million women each year. The complex tumor microenvironment, drug resistance, metastasis, and poor prognosis constitute the primary challenges in the current diagnosis and treatment of BC. Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MIONPs) have emerged as a promising nanoplatform for diagnostic tumor imaging as well as therapeutic drug-targeted delivery due to their unique physicochemical properties. The extensive surface engineering has given rise to multifunctionalized MIONPs. In this review, the latest advancements in surface modification strategies of MIONPs over the past five years are summarized and categorized as constrast agents and drug delivery platforms. Additionally, the remaining challenges and future prospects of MIONPs-based targeted delivery are discussed.

Identification of the novel exhausted T cell CD8 + markers in breast cancer.

Cancer is one of the most concerning public health issues and breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world. The immune cells within the tumor microenvironment regulate cancer development. In this study, single immune cell data sets were used to identify marker gene sets for exhausted CD8 + T cells (CD8Tex) in breast cancer. Machine learning methods were used to cluster subtypes and establish the prognostic models with breast cancer bulk data using the gene sets to evaluate the impacts of CD8Tex. We analyzed breast cancer overexpressing and survival-associated marker genes and identified CD8Tex hub genes in the protein-protein-interaction network. The relevance of the hub genes for CD8 + T-cells in breast cancer was evaluated. The clinical associations of the hub genes were analyzed using bulk sequencing data and spatial sequencing data. The pan-cancer expression, survival, and immune association of the hub genes were analyzed. We identified biomarker gene sets for CD8Tex in breast cancer. CD8Tex-based subtyping systems and prognostic models performed well in the separation of patients with different immune relevance and survival. CRTAM, CLEC2D, and KLRB1 were identified as CD8Tex hub genes and were demonstrated to have potential clinical relevance and immune therapy impact. This study provides a unique view of the critical CD8Tex hub genes for cancer immune therapy.

SNX32 Regulates Sorting and Trafficking of Activated EGFR to the Lysosomal Degradation Pathway.

SNX32 is a member of the evolutionarily conserved Phox (PX) homology domain- and Bin/Amphiphysin/Rvs (BAR) domain- containing sorting nexin (SNX-BAR) family of proteins, which play important roles in sorting and membrane trafficking of endosomal cargoes. Although SNX32 shares the highest amino acid sequence homology with SNX6, and has been believed to function redundantly with SNX5 and SNX6 in retrieval of the cation-independent mannose-6-phosphate receptor (CI-MPR) from endosomes to the trans-Golgi network (TGN), its role(s) in intracellular protein trafficking remains largely unexplored. Here, we report that it functions in parallel with SNX1 in mediating epidermal growth factor (EGF)-stimulated postendocytic trafficking of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Moreover, SNX32 interacts directly with EGFR, and recruits SNX5 to promote sorting of EGF-EGFR into multivesicular bodies (MVBs) for lysosomal degradation. Thus, SNX32 functions distinctively from other SNX-BAR proteins to mediate signaling-coupled endolysosomal trafficking of EGFR.

A review of the botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology, synthetic biology and comprehensive utilization of Silybum marianum.

Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn, a herbaceous plant with a long history in traditional medicine for the treatment of hepatobiliary diseases, particularly in Europe, which has attracted attention for its remarkable therapeutic effect. This review systematically summarizes the research progress in the botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology, comprehensive utilization and synthetic biology of S. marianum. Up to now, more than 20 types of flavonolignan components have been isolated from S. marianum. In addition, the rearch on fatty acids and triterpenoids is also constantly improving. Among them, silybin is the most active compound in flavonolignans components. Its pharmacological effects in vivo and in vitro include anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-tumour, hypoglycaemic, neuroprotective and immunoregulatory properties. The use of coniferyl alcohol and taxifolin as substrates to produce silybin and isosilybin under the action of enzyme catalysis is the commonly used biosynthetic pathway of silymarin, which provides support for a comprehensive analysis of the synthetic pathway of silymarin. In addition to medicinal use, the extracts of plants also have broad application prospects in the production of food, healthcare products, cosmetics and other aspects. In addition, the chemical composition, pharmacological mechanism and synthetic biology of S. marianum need to be further studied, which is very important for its clinical efficacy and resource development.

Core microbiome-associated proteins associated with ulcerative colitis interact with cytokines for synergistic or antagonistic effects on gut bacteria.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), is associated with a loss or an imbalance of host-microorganism interactions. However, such interactions at protein levels remain largely unknown. Here, we applied a depletion-assisted metaproteomics approach to obtain in-depth host-microbiome association networks of IBD, where the core host proteins shifted from those maintaining mucosal homeostasis in controls to those involved in inflammation, proteolysis, and intestinal barrier in IBD. Microbial nodes such as short-chain fatty-acid producer-related host-microbial crosstalk were lost or suppressed by inflammatory proteins in IBD. Guided by protein-protein association networks, we employed proteomics and lipidomics to investigate the effects of UC-related core proteins S100A8, S100A9, and cytokines (IL-1ß, IL-6, and TNF-α) on gut bacteria. These proteins suppressed purine nucleotide biosynthesis in stool-derived in vitro communities, which was also reduced in IBD stool samples. Single species study revealed that S100A8, S100A9, and cytokines can synergistically or antagonistically alter gut bacteria intracellular and secreted proteome, with combined S100A8 and S100A9 potently inhibiting beneficial Bifidobacterium adolescentis. Furthermore, these inflammatory proteins only altered the extracellular but not intracellular proteins of Ruminococcus gnavus. Generally, S100A8 induced more significant bacterial proteome changes than S100A9, IL-1ß, IL-6, and TNF-α but gut bacteria degrade significantly more S100A8 than S100A9 in the presence of both proteins. Among the investigated species, distinct lipid alterations were only observed in Bacteroides vulgatus treated with combined S100A8, S100A9, and cytokines. These results provided a valuable resource of inflammatory protein-centric host-microbial molecular interactions.

A simple and sensitive LC-MS/MS method for the determination of loganic acid in rat plasma and its pharmacokinetic analysis.

Loganic acid is an iridoid compound extracted from Gentianaceae plant Gentiana macrophylla Pall. It can effectively inhibit inflammation and tumor migration and has antioxidant activity. In this paper, we establish a simple, fast, sensitive and validated LC-MS method with the purpose of quantification of loganic acid in rat plasma with gliclazide as an internal standard (IS). Methanol was used to precipitate the protein in the plasma sample, and a C18 column (2.1 × 50 mm, 1.7 µm) was used for the separation of the target compound. Meanwhile, 0.1% formic acid water-methanol was employed as the mobile phase. Multiple reaction monitoring detection mode was adopted in detection with m/z 375.1 > 213.2 for loganic acid and m/z 322.1 > 169.9 for the IS, respectively, in negative ion scan mode. The linear range of calibration curve was 5.77-11,540.00 ng/ml, and the lower limit of detedtion was 2.89 ng/ml. The inter-day and intra-day precision and accuracy were <15% for lower limit of quantitation, low, middle and high quality control samples. This method was successfully used for the pharmacokinetic study of loganic acid in rat plasma at a dose range of 50-150 mg/kg for oral administration and 2 mg/kg for intravenous administration. The pharmacokinetic results showed that the oral bioavailability of loganic acid was low (2.71-5.58%).

CDKL3 is a promising biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis prediction in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.

Cyclin-dependent kinase-like 3 (CDKL3) has been identified as an oncogene in certain types of tumors. Nonetheless, its function in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is poorly understood. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of CDKL3 based on data from the HCC cohort of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Our analysis included gene expression, diagnosis, prognosis, functional enrichment, tumor microenvironment and metabolic characteristics, tumor burden, mRNA expression-based stemness, alternative splicing, and prediction of therapy response. Additionally, we performed a cell counting kit-8 assay, TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end Labeling staining, migration assay, wound healing assay, colony formation assay, and nude mouse experiments to confirm the functional relevance of CDKL3 in HCC. Our findings showed that CDKL3 was significantly upregulated in HCC patients compared to controls. Various bioinformatic analyses suggested that CDKL3 could serve as a potential marker for HCC diagnosis and prognosis. Furthermore, CDKL3 was found to be involved in various mechanisms linked to the development of HCC, including copy number variation, tumor burden, genomic heterogeneity, cancer stemness, and alternative splicing of CDKL3. Notably, CDKL3 was also closely correlated with tumor immune cell infiltration and the expression of immune checkpoint markers. Additionally, CDKL3 was shown to independently function as a risk predictor for overall survival in HCC patients by multivariate Cox regression analysis. Furthermore, the knockdown of CDKL3 significantly inhibited cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo, indicating its role as an oncogene in HCC. Taken together, our findings suggest that CDKL3 shows promise as a biomarker for the detection and treatment outcome prediction of HCC patients.

A Comprehensive Research Review of Herbal Textual Research, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Traditional Uses, Clinical Application, Safety Evaluation, and Quality Control of Trollius chinensis Bunge.

Trollius chinensis Bunge (TCB) is a perennial plant of the Ranunculaceae family with medicinal and edible values. It is widely distributed and commonly used in various regions, including Asia, Europe, and North America. The main chemical components of TCB include alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic acids, and volatile oil compounds. TCB is renowned for its anti-inflammatory, heat-clearing, detoxifying, and eyesight-improving properties. Its dried flowers are commonly used as a traditional Chinese medicine indicated for the treatment of upper respiratory tract infections, chronic tonsillitis, pharyngitis, influenza, and bronchitis. Modern pharmacology has demonstrated the anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, and antioxidant effects of TCB. This study presents a comprehensive overview of various aspects of TCB, including herbal textual research, botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology, traditional uses, clinical application, and quality control, aiming to provide new ideas on the scientific application of TCB as well as the integration of modern research with traditional medicinal uses.

20(R)-Panaxatriol enhances METTL3-mediated m6A modification of STUB1 to inhibit autophagy and exert antitumor effects in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer cells.

BACKGROUND: Aberrant activation of autophagy in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has led researchers to investigate potential therapeutic strategies targeting this process. The regulation of autophagy is significantly influenced by METTL3. Our previous research has shown that the Panax ginseng-derived compound, 20(R)-panaxatriol (PT), has potential as an anti-tumor agent. However, it remains unclear whether PT can modulate autophagy through METTL3 to exert its anti-tumor effects. OBJECTIVE: Our objective is to investigate whether PT can regulate autophagy in TNBC cells and elucidate the molecular mechanisms. STUDY DESIGN: For in vitro experiments, we employed SUM-159-PT and MDA-MB-231 cells. While in vivo experiments involved BALB/c nude mice and NOD/SCID mice. METHODS: In vitro, TNBC cells were treated with PT, and cell lines with varying expression levels of METTL3 were established. We assessed the impact on tumor cell activity and autophagy by analyzing autophagic flux, Western Blot (WB), and methylation levels. In vivo, subcutaneous transplantation models were established in BALB/c nude and NOD/SCID mice to observe the effect of PT on TNBC growth. HE staining and immunofluorescence were employed to analyze histopathological changes in tumor tissues. MeRIP-seq and dual-luciferase reporter gene assays were used to identify key downstream targets. Additionally, the silencing of STIP1 Homology And U-Box Containing Protein 1 (STUB1) explored PT's effects. The mechanism of PT's action on STUB1 via METTL3 was elucidated through mRNA stability assays, mRNA alternative splicing analysis, and nuclear-cytoplasmic mRNA separation. RESULTS: In both in vivo and in vitro experiments, it was discovered that PT significantly upregulates the expression of METTL3, leading to autophagy inhibition and therapeutic effects in TNBC. Simultaneously, through MeRIP-seq analysis and dual-luciferase reporter gene assays, we have demonstrated that PT modulates STUB1 via METTL3, influencing autophagy in TNBC cells. Furthermore, intriguingly, PT extends the half-life of STUB1 mRNA by enhancing its methylation modification, thereby enhancing its stability. CONCLUSION: In summary, our research reveals that PT increases STUB1 m6A modification through a METTL3-mediated mechanism in TNBC cells, inhibiting autophagy and further accentuating its anti-tumor properties. Our study provides novel mechanistic insights into TNBC pathogenesis and potential drug targets for TNBC.

A Bioinformatic Analysis of Gut Microbiota Related with Immune Cell Infiltration in Colorectal Cancer.

OBJECTIVE: The composition of microbiota which correlates with infiltrating immune cells and clinical signatures is not clarified in CRC. METHODS: We applied 4 kinds of bioinformatic tools GSVA (version: 1.42.0), ESTIMATE (version: 1.0.13), CIBERSORT (version: 2.0), and immune-related genes. RESULTS: We found that a total of 8 types of microbiotas appeared in the three immune correlation analyses. Among these microbiotas, significant enrichments in relative abundances associated with immune cell infiltration can be found for the dominant phyla Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria. Moreover, there existed correlations between some of the 8 microbiotas and clinical-related indicators. CONCLUSION: We identified some novel microbiotas involved in immune regulation in CRC.

Existing psychological supportive care interventions for cervical cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Cervical cancer patients commonly experience psychological supportive care needs, necessitating diverse interventions to enhance psychological well-being and alleviate physical symptoms. This systematic review, covering English-published articles from January 1999 to April 2023, assessed the impact of psychological supportive care interventions on anxiety and depression. Twenty-Six studies, including 11,638 patients, were analyzed, comprising randomized controlled trials; quasi-experimental, and pre-post-test designs from PubMed; Science Direct; Wiley online library; Google Scholar; Cochrane Library; and JSTOR. The extraction of data was done by two independent authors and a third independent author checked the data extraction. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), 2020 statement was adopted. The population, intervention, comparator, and outcomes (PICO) search strategy was applied. Effective Public Health Practice Project (EPHPP) tool was used to assess the quality of selected articles. Various interventions, such as psychological nursing, exercise, counselling, psycho-curative approaches, peer and family education, psychotherapy, and medication, were identified. Two studies incorporated homework sessions, predominantly administered by nursing staff. Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) and Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) were commonly used instruments. Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference in anxiety and depression scores between treatment and control groups (p < 0.005) post-intervention across all studies. A subsequent meta-analysis of eight homogeneous studies, utilizing a random-effects model, showed a moderate-to-high overall effect size (1.35, 95% CI: 0.75 to 1.94), indicating a statistically significant positive impact. Various studies exhibited variability in effect sizes ranging from low to high. While the meta-analysis included 936 participants, the forest plot visually represents individual study effect sizes and the combined effect size. Preliminary evidence supports the positive impact of psychological supportive care interventions on cervical cancer outcomes, urging further research, especially exploring long-term effects and employing rigorous study designs.

Phenotypic heterogeneity of mycosis fungoides cells leads to the difficulties in determining tumour origin.

Mycosis fungoides (MF) is a low-grade malignant cutaneous T-cell lymphoma that originates from memory T cells. It typically follows a unique and relatively indolent disease course. MF is used to be characterized by a tissue-resident memory T cell (TRM) phenotype, although recent molecular research has revealed its complexity, casting doubt on the cell of origin and the TRM-MF paradigm. Recent clonal heterogeneity studies suggest that MF may originate from immature early precursor T cells. During development, the tumour microenvironment (TME) influences tumour cell phenotype. The exact origin and development trajectory of MF remains elusive. Clarifying the origin of MF cells is vital for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment.