Cellular and molecular mechanisms of oroxylin A in cancer therapy: Recent advances.

Seeking an effective and safe scheme is the common goal of clinical treatment of tumor patients. In recent years, traditional Chinese medicine has attracted more and more attention in order to discover new drugs with good anti-tumor effects. Oroxylin A (OA) is a compound found in natural Oroxylum indicum and Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi plants and has been used in the treatment of various cancers. Studies have shown that OA has a wide range of powerful biological activities and plays an important role in neuroprotection, anti-inflammation, anti-virus, anti-allergy, anti-tumor and so on. OA shows high efficacy in tumor treatment. Therefore, it has attracted great attention of researchers all over the world. This review aims to discuss the anti-tumor effects of OA from the aspects of cell cycle arrest, induction of cell proliferation and apoptosis, induction of autophagy, anti-inflammation, inhibition of glycolysis, angiogenesis, invasion, metastasis and reversal of drug resistance. In addition, the safety and toxicity of the compound were also discussed. As a next step, to clarify the benefits and adverse effects of Oroxylin A in cancer patients further experiments, especially clinical trials, are needed.

Semirigid Ureteroscopy Therapy against Childhood Kidney Stones.

Objective: The purpose of the current study was to assess the effectiveness of semirigid ureterorenoscopy (URS) as first-line therapy for early childhood patients with <20 mm stones in the pelvic, middle, or upper calices. Methods: In all, 61 pediatric kidney stone patients who had flexible ureteroscopy (fURS) between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2019, were included in this study. Before fURS, semirigid URS employed the UreTron or holmium: YAG (Ho : YAG) laser was conducted. When semirigid URS was unsuccessful, fURS was used for retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS). All participants were monitored clinically for a minimum of three months after each procedure. Results: The patient's mean age was 4.52 ± 1.53 years, and 52 (83.61%) participants underwent semirigid URS successfully. Mean procedural duration of semirigid URS was 36.49 ± 7.72 min. The stone-free rate after semirigid URS was 92.16% (47/51). During the postprocedural medical observation, there were no serious adverse effects. Conclusions: Based on the present study's findings, semirigid URS is a low-risk, effective therapy for kidney stones in selected pediatric patients.