The excellent performance of oxygen evolution reaction on stainless steel electrodes by halogen oxyacid salts etching.

Development of low-cost, efficient, and stable electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is the key issue for a large-scale hydrogen production. Recently, in-situ corrosion of stainless steel seems to be a feasible technique to obtain an efficient OER electrode, while a wide variety of corrosive agents often lead to significant difference in catalytic performance. Herein, we synthesized Ni-Fe based nanomaterials with OER activity through a facile one-step hydrothermal etching method of stainless steel mesh, and investigated the influence of three halogen oxyacid salts (KClO3, KBrO3, KIO3) on water oxidation performance. It was found that the reduction product of oxyacid salts has the pitting effect on the stainless steel, which plays an important role in regulating the morphology and composition of the nanomaterials. The KBrO3-derived electrode shows optimal OER performance, giving the small overpotential of 228 and 270 mV at 10 and 100 mA cm-2 respectively, a low Tafel slope of 36.2 mV dec-1, as well as durable stability in the long-time electrolysis. This work builds an internal relationship between the corrosive agents and the OER performance of the as-prepared electrodes, providing promising strategies and research foundations for further improving the OER performance and optimizing the structure of stainless steel electrodes.

Quadrilateral plate classification program of acetabular fractures based on three-column classification: a three-dimensional fracture mapping study.

BACKGROUND: A new classification system for acetabular fractures has been proposed in recent years, which is called the 3-column classification. However, this system does not provide information regarding quadrilateral plate fractures. To address this issue, we utilized three-dimensional (3D) fracture line mapping and heat map to analyze the link between the 3-column classification and quadrilateral plate fractures. METHODS: We collected CT scan data from 177 patients who had been diagnosed with acetabular fractures. Additionally, we utilized a CT scan of a healthy adult to generate a standard acetabular model. We utilized the collected CT data of the fracture to create a 3D model and subsequently reduced it. We then matched each acetabular fracture model with the standard acetabular model and mapped all of the fracture lines to the standard model. 3D fracture lines and heat maps were created by overlapping all fracture lines. Fracture characteristics were then summarized using these maps. RESULTS: This study analyzed a total of 221 acetabular fractures. The most frequently observed fracture type, based on the three-column classification, was A1.2, which corresponds to fractures of the anterior column. In contrast, the least common type of fracture was A4, which represents fractures of the central wall. It was noted that quadrilateral plate fractures were frequently observed in fractures classified as type B and C according to the three-column classification. CONCLUSIONS: Among the three-column classification, the QLP fractures are commonly observed in type B and C. It is important to carefully identify these fractures during the diagnostic process. Therefore, based on the three-column classification, we have amalgamated quadrilateral plate fractures and formulated a classification program for acetabular fractures.

A stable Zr(IV)-MOF for efficient removal of trace SO2 from flue gas in dry and humid conditions.

Obtaining suitable adsorbents for selective separation of SO2 from flue gas still remains an important issue. A stable Zr(IV)-MOF (Zr-PTBA) can be conveniently synthesized through the self-assembly of a tetracarboxylic acid ligand (H4L = 4,4',4'',4'''-(1,4-phenylenebis(azanetriyl))tetrabenzoic acid) and ZrCl4 in the presence of trace water. It exhibits a three-dimensional porous structure. The BET surface area is 1112.72 m2/g and the average pore size distribution focus on 5.9, 8.0 and 9.3 Å. Interestingly, Zr-PTBA shows selective adsorption of SO2. The maximum uptake reaches 223.21 cm3/g at ambient condition. While it exhibits lower adsorption uptake of CO2 (30.50 cm3/g) and hardly adsorbs O2 (2.57 cm3/g) and N2 (1.31 cm3/g). Higher IAST selectivities of SO2/CO2 (21.9), SO2/N2 (912.7), SO2/O2 (2269.9) and SO2/CH4 (85.0) have been obtained, which reveal its' excellent gas separation performance. Breakthrough experiment further confirms its application for flue gas deep desulfurization both in dry and humid conditions. Furthermore, the gas adsorption results and mechanisms have also been studied by theoretical calculations.

Three-dimensional Mapping Analysis of Talus Fractures and Demonstration of Different Surgical Approaches for Talus Fractures.

OBJECTIVE: The talus is an important component in the ankle, and its treatment after injury is crucial. However, complications and adverse events due to incomplete traditional classifications may still occur, and these classifications fail to analyze the patterns and distribution of fractures from a three-dimensional perspective. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to analyze the location and distribution of fracture lines in different types of talus fractures using three-dimensional (3D) and heat mapping techniques. Additionally, we aimed to determine the surface area of the talus that can be utilized for different approaches of internal fixation, aiding in the planning of surgical procedures. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed data from CT scans from 126 patients diagnosed with talus fractures at our two hospitals. We extracted the CT data of a healthy adult and created a standard talus model. We performed 3D reconstruction using patients' CT images and superimposed the fracture model onto the standard model for drawing fracture lines. Subsequently, we converted the fracture lines into a heat map for visualization. Additionally, we measured 20 specimens to determine the boundary for various ligaments attached to the talus. We determined the surface area of the talus available for different surgical approaches by integrating the boundary data with previously reported data on area of exposure. RESULTS: Without considering the displacement distance of the fracture, fracture types were classified as follows, by combining Hawkins and Sneppen classifications: talar neck, 41.3%; posterior talar tubercle, 22.2%; body for the talus and comminuted, 17.5%; lateral talar tubercle, 11.9%; and talar head, 7.1%. We established fracture line and heat maps using this classification. Additionally, we demonstrated the available area for anteromedial, anterolateral, posteromedial, posterolateral, and medial malleolus osteotomy and Chaput osteotomy approaches. CONCLUSION: Fracture line and heat map analyses can aid surgeons in planning a single or combined surgical approach for the reduction and internal fixation of talus fractures. Demonstrating the different surgical approaches can help surgeons choose the most effective technique for individual cases.

Anterior Talofibular Ligament Repair in Combination With Anterior Tibiofibular Ligament Distal Fascicle Transfer for The Treatment of Chronic Lateral Ankle Instability: A Finite Element Analysis.

In recent years, anterior tibiofibular ligament-distal fascicle transfers for anterior talofibular ligament augmentation repair have proposed. However, a comprehensive biomechanical study on the anterior tibiofibular ligament-distal fascicle transfer is still lacking. We are established four distinct groups, namely the normal, the anterior talofibular ligament rupture, the anterior talofibular ligament repair, and the anterior talofibular ligament repair + anterior tibiofibular ligament-distal fascicle transfer. We assessed the anterior drawer test and varus stress test of the ankle in each group. Moreover, we employed the model to simulate and compute the total displacement and von-Mises stress of the talus cartilage at varying gait phases, including foot strike, tibia vertical, and toe-off phases. The results of the anterior drawer test and varus stress test revealed that the anterior talofibular ligament repair + anterior tibiofibular ligament-distal fascicle transfer group exhibited greater closeness to the normal group. Regarding von-Mises stress in cartilage, the three gait instants had higher values in the anterior talofibular ligament repair + anterior tibiofibular ligament-distal fascicle transfer group than the other groups. Nevertheless, regarding total displacement, the toe-off phases exhibited higher values in the anterior talofibular ligament repair + anterior tibiofibular ligament-distal fascicle transfer group than the other groups. Using ATiFL-DF transfer to augment ATFL repair is a potential feasible procedure. However, this procedure could potentially compromise the anterior tibiofibular ligament's contribution to the dynamic stability of the ankle. Therefore, we recommend conducting further in-depth research to ensure the suitability and success of this technique in a clinical environment.

Immediate mobilization after repair of Achilles tendon rupture may increase the incidence of re-rupture: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

BACKGROUND: Achilles tendon rupture (ATR) is a significant injury that can require surgery and can have the risk of re-rupture even after successful treatment. Consequently, to minimize this risk, it is important to have a thorough understanding of the rehabilitation protocol and the impact of different rehabilitation approaches on preventing re-rupture. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two independent team members searched several databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and CINAHL) to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on operative treatment of ATR. We included articles that covered open or minimally invasive surgery for ATR, with a detailed rehabilitation protocol and reports of re-rupture. The study protocol has been registered at PROSPERO and has been reported in the line with PRISMA Guidelines, Supplemental Digital Content 1, http://links.lww.com/JS9/C85 , Supplemental Digital Content 2, http://links.lww.com/JS9/C86 and assessed using AMSTAR Tool, Supplemental Digital Content 3, http://links.lww.com/JS9/C87 . RESULTS: A total of 43 RCTs were eligible for the meta-analysis, encompassing a combined cohort of 2553 patients. Overall, the postoperative incidence of ATR patients developing re-rupture was 3.15% (95% CI: 2.26-4.17; I2 =44.48%). Early immobilization group patients who had ATR had a 4.07% (95% CI: 1.76-7.27; I2 =51.20%) postoperative incidence of re-rupture; Early immobilization + active range of motion (AROM) group had an incidence of 5.95% (95% CI: 2.91-9.99; I2 =0.00%); Early immobilization + weight-bearing group had an incidence of 3.49% (95% CI: 1.96-5.43; I2 =20.06%); Early weight-bearing + AROM group had an incidence of 3.61% (95% CI: 1.00-7.73; I2 =64.60%); Accelerated rehabilitation (immobilization) group had an incidence of 2.18% (95% CI: 1.11-3.59; I2 =21.56%); Accelerated rehabilitation (non-immobilization) group had a rate of 1.36% (95% CI: 0.12-3.90; I2 =0.00%). Additionally, patients in the immediate AROM group had a postoperative re-rupture incidence of 3.92% (95% CI: 1.76-6.89; I2 =33.24%); Non-immediate AROM group had an incidence of 2.45% (95% CI: 1.25-4.03; I2 =22.09%). CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis suggests the use of accelerated rehabilitation intervention in early postoperative rehabilitation of the Achilles tendon. However, for early ankle joint mobilization, it is recommended to apply after one to two weeks of immobilization.

Study of PARP inhibitors for breast cancer based on enhanced multiple kernel function SVR with PSO.

PARP1 is one of six enzymes required for the highly error-prone DNA repair pathway microhomology-mediated end joining (MMEJ) and needs to be inhibited when over-expressed. In order to study the PARP1 inhibitory effect of fused tetracyclic or pentacyclic dihydrodiazepinoindolone derivatives (FTPDDs) by quantitative structure-activity relationship technique, six models were established by four kinds of methods, heuristic method, gene expression programming, random forester, and support vector regression with single, double, and triple kernel function respectively. The single, double, and triple kernel functions were RBF kernel function, the integration of RBF and polynomial kernel functions, and the integration of RBF, polynomial, and linear kernel functions respectively. The problem of multi-parameter optimization introduced in the support vector regression model was solved by the particle swarm optimization algorithm. Among the models, the model established by support vector regression with triple kernel function, in which the optimal R 2 and RMSE of training set and test set were 0.9353, 0.9348 and 0.0157, 0.0288, and R2 cv of training set and test set were 0.9090 and 0.8971, shows the strongest prediction ability and robustness. The method of support vector regression with triple kernel function is a great promotion in the field of quantitative structure-activity relationship, which will contribute a lot to designing and screening new drug molecules. The information contained in the model can provide important factors that guide drug design. Based on these factors, six new FTPDDs have been designed. Using molecular docking experiments to determine the properties of new derivatives, the new drug was ultimately successfully designed.

Chitosan-initiated gold nanoparticles with enhanced fluorescence for unique Fe3+/PPi sensing and photothermal therapy.

The design of surface ligands is crucial for ligand-protected gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). Herein, following the principle of green synthesis, environmentally friendly gold nanoparticles (AuNPs@His@CC, AuHC) were fabricated based on dual ligands of histidine and carboxylated chitosan. AuHC showed the advantages of low toxicity, good photoluminescent stability and ideal biocompatibility. Compared with single histidine-coated gold nanoclusters (AuNCs@His, AuH), AuHC presented enhanced fluorescence attributed to the addition of chitosan. The blue-emitting AuHC has a unique response to Fe3+ with detection limits as low as 9.51 nM. Interestingly, the quenched fluorescence of AuHC-Fe3+ system could be restored through the introduction of PPi with a detection limit of 10.6 µM. So an "on-off-on" fluorescence sensing platform was achieved. Apart from good optical properties and sensing, the designed AuHC demonstrated outstanding photothermal conversion efficiency (27.8 %), which made it ideal material for thermal ablation of tumor. To be specific, after laser irradiation (660 nm, 0.78 W cm-2, 10 min) of AuHC, the survival rate of HeLa cells as a tumor cell model decreased to 12.7 %, indicating that AuHC has a significant tumor inhibition effect in vitro. Besides, AuHC also could be a befitting candidate for overcoming drug-resistant tumor cells such as MCF-7/ADR cells. Notably, AuHC can markedly ablate solid tumors in 4T1 tumor-bearing mice after laser irradiation (660 nm, 0.78 W cm-2, 10 min). Hence this work provides insight into the design of multifunctional AuNPs platform for simultaneously integrating the ion sensing and photothermal therapy of cancer.

The image quality, amyloid-ß detectability, and acquisition time of clinical florbetapir positron emission tomography in Alzheimer's disease and healthy adults.

Background: Florbetapir positron emission tomography (AV45 PET) is a widely employed modality for detecting cerebral amyloid-ß (Aß) deposition. However, in clinical settings, patients with cognitive impairment are frequently unable to sustain adequate stillness during the scanning procedure. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effects of a short acquisition time on the image quality and Aß detectability of AV45 PET. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 29 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and 13 healthy participants underwent 15-minute AV45 PET/magnetic resonance imaging scanning. The PET data were subsequently reconstructed into 15-, 10-, 8-, 6-, 4-, 2-, and 1-minute duration groups (G15, G10, G8, G6, G4, G2, and G1). Subjective PET image quality was scored based on a 5-point Likert scale (poor-excellent: 1-5), and objective image quality was evaluated by the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the 1 cm3 region of interest (ROI) inside the cerebellum. Aß detectability was assessed by the calculation of regional standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) values in all groups. The Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test and paired t-test were performed to compare the subjective scores, SNR, and SUVR values. The visual inspection was also performed by 2 nuclear physicians to give a binary diagnosis to each case. Results: The subjective scores were decreased in the groups with shortened scanning time relative to the G15 group (4.67±0.48, all P<0.05). Notably, a good image quality score was also given to the G10 group (4.40±0.63), and sufficient image quality could be achieved with the G8 (3.86±0.68) and G6 (3.14±0.52) groups. The SNR values were decreased by 10.33%, 17.74%, and 23.26% in the G10, G8, and G6 group, respectively (all P<0.05). Compared with the G15 group (1.48±0.16), the composite SUVR values were increased in the G10 (1.50±0.16), G8 (1.50±0.17), and G6 groups (1.51±0.18, all P<0.05). By visual inspection, the diagnoses of each case in the G10, G8, and G6 group were identical with those in the G15 group. Conclusions: The acquisition time of AV45 PET is required to reach at least 6 minutes to achieve acceptable image quality and maintained Aß detectability.