The H2Valdien derivatives regulate the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of hepatoma carcinoma cells through the Hedgehog signaling pathway.

This research delves into the influence of H2Valdien derivatives on the proliferation, migration, and apoptosis induction in hepatoma carcinoma cells (HepG2, Huh-7, and SMMC-7721), with a specific emphasis on inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) through modulation of the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway. Utilizing the cell counting kit-8 method, flow cytometry, TUNEL assay, wound healing, and transwell assays, we observed a dose-dependent growth arrest and apoptosis induction in HepG2, Huh-7, and SMMC-7721 cells. Notably, H2Valdien derivatives exhibited a capacity to reduce migration and invasion, impacting the expression of EMT-associated proteins such as N-cadherin, vimentin, and E-cadherin. Mechanistically, these derivatives demonstrated the inhibition of the Hh signaling pathway by inactivating Sonic Hh (Shh) and smoothened proteins. This study underscores the robust antiproliferative and apoptosis-inducing effects of H2Valdien derivatives on hepatoma carcinoma cells and elucidates their regulatory role in EMT through modulation of the Hh signaling pathway, providing valuable insights for potential therapeutic interventions.

Integrated Approaches Revealed the Therapeutic Mechanisms of Zuojin Pill Against Gastric Mucosa Injury in a Rat Model with Chronic Atrophic Gastritis.

Background: The Zuojin Pill (ZJP) is widely used for treating chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) in clinical practice, effectively ameliorating symptoms such as vomiting, pain, and abdominal distension in patients. However, the underlying mechanisms of ZJP in treating CAG has not been fully elucidated. Purpose: This study aimed to clarify the characteristic function of ZJP in the treatment of CAG and its potential mechanism. Methods: The CAG model was established by alternant administrations of ammonia solution and sodium deoxycholate, as well as an irregular diet. Therapeutic effects of ZJP on body weight, serum biochemical indexes and general condition were analyzed. HE staining and AB-PAS staining were analyzed to characterize the mucosal injury and the thickness of gastric mucosa. Furthermore, network pharmacology and molecular docking were used to predict the regulatory mechanism and main active components of ZJP in CAG treatment. RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence and Western blotting were used to measure the expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins, gastric mucosal barrier-associated proteins and PI3K/Akt signaling pathway proteins. Results: The results demonstrated that ZJP significantly improved the general state of CAG rats, alleviated weight loss and gastric histological damage and reduced the serum biochemical indicators. Network pharmacology and molecular docking found that ZJP in treating CAG by inhibiting inflammation, suppressing apoptosis, and protecting the gastric mucosal barrier via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Further experiments confirmed that ZJP obviously modulated the expression of key proteins involved in gastric mucosal cell apoptosis, such as Bax, Bad, Apaf-1, cleaved-caspase-3, cleaved-caspase-9, Cytochrome C, Bcl-2, and Bcl-xl. Moreover, ZJP significantly reversed the protein expression of Occludin, ZO-1, Claudin-4 and E-cadherin. Conclusion: Our study revealed that ZJP treats CAG by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. This research provided a scientific basis for the rational use of ZJP in clinical practice.

Tumor necrosis serves as an important pathological characteristic of stage I-II colon cancer.

BACKGROUND: The long-term prognosis of colon cancer patients remains little changed with relatively high mortality and morbidity. Since the most widely used prognostic parameter TNM staging system is less satisfactory in predicting prognosis in early-stage cancers, numerous clinicopathological factors, including tumor necrosis, have been proposed for prognosis stratification, but substantial evidences are still lacking for early-stage colon cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the retrospective study, a total of eligible 173 stage I-II colon cancer patients, who received tumor radical resection and lymphadenectomy in the local hospital between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2018, were enrolled for analyzing the prognostic role of tumor necrosis. The primary endpoints included 5-year overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). RESULTS: The median follow-up of enrolled early-stage colon cancer patients was 58.3 months. The 2-year and 5-year OS rates were 88.3% and 68.2%, respectively, and the 2-year and 5-year PFS rates were 85.6% and 62.7%, respectively. Seventy-eight patients (45.1%) were diagnosed with tumor necrosis by pathological examination. Demographic analysis revealed a significant association of tumor necrosis with larger tumor size and a marginal association with vascular invasion. Kaplan-Meier survival curves demonstrated that tumor necrosis was associated with worse OS (log-rank P = 0.003) and PFS (log-rank P = 0.002). The independent unfavorable prognostic effect of tumor necrosis was further validated in univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis (hazard ratio = 1.91 (1.52-2.40), P = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS: The current study confirmed the independent prognostic role of tumor necrosis from pathological review in early-stage colon cancer patients. This pathological criterion promises to help in identifying high-risk subgroup from early-stage colon cancer patients, who may benefit from strict follow-up and adjuvant therapy.

The secondary prevention of coronary heart disease in US adults 75 Years and older in daily practice: Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2018 survey.

Background: Pharmacologic therapies, risk factor control, and lifestyle alterations were independently proven to reduce long-term cardiovascular events. However, comprehensive research examining the extent to which individuals aged 75 and above in the United States adhere to national guidelines for the secondary prevention of coronary heart disease is limited. Therefore, the primary objective of this study was to examine the current state of secondary prevention of coronary heart disease in persons 75 years of age and older in the United States and to examine the factors that contribute to inadequate drug utilization and poor control of numerous risk factors. Methods: We identified patients over 75 years of age with coronary heart disease based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1999 to 2018 and analyzed the adequacy of risk factor control and adherence to lifestyle and medication recommendations to assess the effectiveness of coronary heart disease management. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with uncontrolled risk factors or noncompliance with recommended medications. Results: We collected information from 1566 known coronary heart disease patients aged ≥75 years of age. The majority were at target goals for blood pressure (58.88%), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (66.85%), and glycated hemoglobin (76.12%). Only 27.8% and 36.06% were at targets for body mass index and waist circumference, respectively. 91.95% reported smoking cessation, 85.98% followed recommended alcohol consumption, whereas only 10.34% reported sufficient physical activity. For ß blockers, angiotensin -converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers, statins, and antiplatelet drugs, the utilization of indicated therapy was 54.41%, 49.36%, 54.79%, and 19.03%, respectively (6.26% for all 4 medications). The results of the logistic regression analysis demonstrated that diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome were critical markers of numerous uncontrolled risk variables as well as noncompliance with medication regimens. Conclusions: A vast majority of coronary heart disease patients ≥75 years in the USA exhibited suboptimal overall control of critical coronary heart disease risk factors. For this patient population, more knowledge is necessary to enable patients to receive continuous support, guidance, and counseling.

Oral and maxillofacial surgeons' views on the adoption of additive manufacturing: findings from a nationwide survey.

OBJECTIVES: Hospitals in many European countries have implemented Additive Manufacturing (AM) technology for multiple Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (OMFS) applications. Although the technology is widely implemented, surgeons also play a crucial role in whether a hospital will adopt the technology for surgical procedures. The study has two objectives: (1) to investigate how hospital type (university or non-university hospital) influences surgeons' views on AM, and (2) to explore how previous experience with AM (AM experience or not) influences surgeons' views on AM. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An online questionnaire to capture surgeons' views was designed, consisting of 11 Likert scale questions formulated according to the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). The questionnaire was sent to OMF surgeons through the channel provided by the Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery in Sweden. Data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test to identify significant differences among OMF surgeons in terms of organizational form (i.e., university hospital or non-university hospital) and experience of AM (i.e., AM experience or no-experience). RESULTS: In total, 31 OMF surgeons responded to the survey. Views of surgeons from universities and non-universities, as well as between surgeons with experience and no-experience, did not show significant differences in the 11 questions captured across five CFIR domains. However, the "individual characteristics" domain in CFIR, consisting of three questions, did show significant differences between surgeons' experience with AM and no-experience (P-values: P = 0.01, P = 0.01, and P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Surgeons, whether affiliated with university hospitals or non-university hospitals and regardless of their prior experience with AM, generally exhibit a favorable attitude towards AM. However, there were significant differences in terms of individual characteristics between those who had prior experience with AM and those who did not. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This investigation facilitates the implementation of AM in OMFS by reporting on the views of OMF surgeons on AM.

Adoption of additive manufacturing in oral and maxillofacial surgery among university and non-university hospitals in Sweden: findings from a nationwide survey.

PURPOSE: Additive manufacturing (AM) is an innovative printing technology that can manufacture 3-dimensional solid objects by adding layers of material from model data. AM in oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS) provides several clinical applications such as surgical guides and implants. However, the adoption of AM in OMFS is not well covered. The purpose was to study the adoption of AM in OMFS in university and non-university hospitals in Sweden. Three research questions were addressed: What is the degree of using AM solutions in university and non-university hospitals?; What are AM solutions used?; How are the AM solutions accessed (production mode) in university hospitals and non-university hospitals? METHODS: A survey was distributed to OMF surgeons in Sweden. The questionnaire consisted of 16 questions. Data were analyzed through descriptive and content analysis. RESULTS: A total of 14 university and non-university hospitals were captured. All 14 hospitals have adopted AM technology and 11 of the hospitals adopted AM in OMFS. Orthognathic and trauma surgery are two major types of surgery that involve AM technology where material extrusion and vat polymerization are the two most used AM technologies in OMFS. The primary application of AM was in medical models and guides. CONCLUSION: Majority of Swedish university hospitals and non-university hospitals have adopted AM in OMFS. The type of hospital (university or non-university hospital) has no impact on AM adoption. AM in OMFS in Sweden can be perceived to be a mature clinical application.

Retinal ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer, white matter hyperintensities, and their interaction with cognition in older adults.

Purpose: We explored the interaction of optical coherence tomography (OCT) parameters and white matter hyperintensities with cognitive measures in our older adult cohort. Methods: This observational study enrolled participants who underwent a comprehensive neuropsychological battery, structural 3-T brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), visual acuity examination, and OCT imaging. Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) markers were read on MR images; lacune, cerebral microbleeds (CMB), white matter hyperintensities (WMH), and enlarged perivascular spaces (EPVS), were defined according to the STRIVE standards. Retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thicknesses (µm) were measured on the OCT tool. Results: Older adults with cognitive impairment (CI) showed lower RNFL (p = 0.001), GCIPL (p = 0.009) thicknesses, and lower hippocampal volume (p = 0.004) when compared to non-cognitively impaired (NCI). RNFL (p = 0.006) and GCIPL thicknesses (p = 0.032) correlated with MoCA scores. GCIPL thickness (p = 0.037), total WMH (p = 0.003), PWMH (p = 0.041), and DWMH (p = 0.001) correlated with hippocampal volume in our older adults after adjusting for covariates. With hippocampal volume as the outcome, a significant interaction (p < 0.05) between GCIPL and PWMH and total WMH was observed in our older adults. Conclusion: Both GCIPL thinning and higher WMH burden (especially PWMH) are associated with hippocampal volume and older adults with both pathologies are more susceptible to subclinical cognitive decline.

Thyroid dysfunction induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors and tumor progression during neoadjuvant therapy of non­small cell lung cancer: A case report and literature review.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have a demonstrable treatment response in patients with resectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, immune-related adverse events and tumor progression in patients administered ICIs are of great concern. The present case study is of a 59-year-old male with NSCLC (squamous, stage IIIA) who received neoadjuvant immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy before surgery. The patient first developed hyperthyroidism and then hypothyroidism, indicating that ICI-related thyroid dysfunction had occurred. Furthermore, the patient suffered from tumor progression and could not undergo resection. The present case called attention to the prevention and management of irAEs, and the precaution that should be taken with regard to tumor progression. The case also suggested that the development of ICI-related thyroid dysfunction may not predict an improved response to ICI therapies, which needs further evidence to illustrate.

The deubiquitylating enzyme USP35 restricts regulated cell death to promote survival of renal clear cell carcinoma.

The ubiquitin-proteasome system governs a wide spectrum of cellular events and offers therapeutic opportunities for pharmacological intervention in cancer treatment. Renal clear cell carcinoma represents the predominant histological subtype and accounts for the majority of cancer death related to kidney malignancies. Through a systematic survey in the association of human ubiquitin-specific proteases with patient prognosis of renal clear cell carcinoma and subsequent phenotypic validation, we uncovered the tumor-promoting role of USP35. Biochemical characterizations confirmed the stabilizing effects of USP35 towards multiple members of the IAP family in an enzymatic activity-dependent manner. USP35 silencing led to reduced expression levels of IAP proteins, which were accompanied with increased cellular apoptosis. Further transcriptomic analysis revealed that USP35 knockdown affected the expression levels of NRF2 downstream transcripts, which were conferred by compromised NRF2 abundance. USP35 functions to maintain NRF2 levels by catalyzing its deubiquitylation and thus antagonizing degradation. NRF2 reduction imposed by USP35 silencing rendered renal clear cell carcinoma cells increased sensitivity to ferroptosis induction. Finally, induced USP35 knockdown markedly attenuated xenograft formation of renal clear cell carcinoma in nude mice. Hence, our findings reveal a number of USP35 substrates and uncover the protecting roles of USP35 against both apoptosis and ferroptosis in renal clear cell carcinoma.

Multilineage contribution of CD34+ cells in cardiac remodeling after ischemia/reperfusion injury.

The ambiguous results of multiple CD34+ cell-based therapeutic trials for patients with heart disease have halted the large-scale application of stem/progenitor cell treatment. This study aimed to delineate the biological functions of heterogenous CD34+ cell populations and investigate the net effect of CD34+ cell intervention on cardiac remodeling. We confirmed, by combining single-cell RNA sequencing on human and mouse ischemic hearts and an inducible Cd34 lineage-tracing mouse model, that Cd34+ cells mainly contributed to the commitment of mesenchymal cells, endothelial cells (ECs), and monocytes/macrophages during heart remodeling with distinct pathological functions. The Cd34+-lineage-activated mesenchymal cells were responsible for cardiac fibrosis, while CD34+Sca-1high was an active precursor and intercellular player that facilitated Cd34+-lineage angiogenic EC-induced postinjury vessel development. We found through bone marrow transplantation that bone marrow-derived CD34+ cells only accounted for inflammatory response. We confirmed using a Cd34-CreERT2; R26-DTA mouse model that the depletion of Cd34+ cells could alleviate the severity of ventricular fibrosis after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury with improved cardiac function. This study provided a transcriptional and cellular landscape of CD34+ cells in normal and ischemic hearts and illustrated that the heterogeneous population of Cd34+ cell-derived cells served as crucial contributors to cardiac remodeling and function after the I/R injury, with their capacity to generate diverse cellular lineages.

Advances in the Treatment of Rare Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutations in Advanced Nonsmall-Cell Lung Cancer.

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations are common driver genes in nonsmall-cell lung cancer and have different sensitivities to EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs). EGFR is divided into classic mutations and rare mutations. Classic mutations are well known, but the understanding of rare mutations is not sufficient. In this article, we summarize the clinical research and treatment progress of rare mutations for different EGFR-TKIs and provide a basis for clinical treatment decisions.

Flavonoid Components, Distribution, and Biological Activities in Taxus: A review.

Taxus, also known as "gold in plants" because of the famous agents with emphases on Taxol and Docetaxel, is a genus of the family Taxaceae, distributed almost around the world. The plants hold an important place in traditional medicine in China, and its products are used for treating treat dysuria, swelling and pain, diabetes, and irregular menstruation in women. In order to make a further study and better application of Taxus plants for the future, cited references from between 1958 and 2022 were collected from the Web of Science, the China National Knowledge Internet (CNKI), SciFinder, and Google Scholar, and the chemical structures, distribution, and bioactivity of flavonoids identified from Taxus samples were summed up in the research. So far, 59 flavonoids in total with different skeletons were identified from Taxus plants, presenting special characteristics of compound distribution. These compounds have been reported to display significant antibacterial, antiaging, anti-Alzheimer's, antidiabetes, anticancer, antidepressant, antileishmaniasis, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive and antiallergic, antivirus, antilipase, neuronal protective, and hepatic-protective activities, as well as promotion of melanogenesis. Flavonoids represent a good example of the utilization of the Taxus species. In the future, further pharmacological and clinical experiments for flavonoids could be accomplished to promote the preparation of relative drugs.

Pathogenesis from Inflammation to Cancer in NASH-Derived HCC.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer and one of the deadliest cancers worldwide. As opposed to the majority of patients with HCC, approximately 20-30% of cases of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)-derived HCC develop malignant tumours in the absence of liver cirrhosis. NASH is characterized by metabolic dysregulation, chronic inflammation and cell death in the liver, which provide a favorable setting for the transformation of inflammation into cancer. This review aims to describe the pathogenesis and the underlying mechanism of the transition from inflammation to cancer in NASH.

Proteasomal deubiquitylase activity enhances cell surface recycling of the epidermal growth factor receptor in non-small cell lung cancer.

PURPOSE: The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) represents a top therapeutic target in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. EGFR expression is intricately modulated by receptor endocytosis, during which EGFR ubiquitylation and deubiquitylation play fundamental roles to govern receptor fate. This study aims to uncover novel aspects of the endocytic regulation of EGFR trafficking by deubiquitylases. METHODS: The expression and ubiquitylation of EGFR in non-small cell lung cancer cells treated with deubiquitylase inhibitors were assessed by immunoblotting, immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry analyses. The intracellular EGFR distribution was investigated using immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy assays, and colocalizations with endocytic compartments were examined using GFP-tagged Rab proteins as markers. The influence of the proteasomal deubiquitylase inhibitor b-AP15 on EGF- and HSP90 inhibitor-induced EGFR downregulation was evaluated by immunoblotting. The anticancer effects of b-AP15 were assessed by cell proliferation, colony formation and flow cytometry assays, as well as xenograft animal models. RESULTS: We found that b-AP15 caused a dramatically enhanced ubiquitylation of EGFR in lung cancer cells. Treatment with b-AP15 decreased cell surface EGFR levels and accumulated EGFR on recycling endosomes marked with Rab4A and Rab11A. b-AP15 effectively repressed EGF- and HSP90 inhibitor-induced EGFR degradation. Lung cancer cells exposed to b-AP15 showed markedly reduced cell propagation and significantly increased cell apoptosis. Furthermore, b-AP15 effectively inhibited tumor xenograft growth in nude mice. CONCLUSION: Proteasomal USP14 and UCHL5 act collectively to promote cell surface recovery of EGFR. Inhibition of proteasomal deubiquitylase activity induces increased EGFR ubiquitylation and retention on recycling endosomes. The USP14 and UCHL5 dual inhibitor b-AP15 elicits potent tumor-suppressive effects to deter cell proliferation and induce apoptotic cell death in lung cancer.

Case report: sequential use of almonertinib based on the EGFR exon 20 insertion mutation achieves long-term control for advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients.

Background: Epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) play a dominant role in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, to date, targeted treatment options have not been identified for patients with EGFR exon 20 insertion (ex20ins) mutations. Almonertinib, as the third generation EGFR-TKI, can irreversibly bind to EGFR ATP binding region and has a favorable therapeutic effect in EGFR + multiple targets inhibition. Almonertinib is suitable for the treatment of NSCLC patients with disease progression and T790M drug resistance mutation positive after other EGFR-TKI treatment. Case Description: We report the case of a female patient with NSCLC with an EGFR ex20ins mutation (p.Ala767_Val769dup) identified by next-generation sequencing (NGS). The patient received systemic chemotherapy after surgical resection of the lesion. After the progression of first-line chemotherapy, the patient received sequential targeted therapy with afatinib and poziotinib, achieving progression-free survival (PFS) of 3.2 and 10.4 months, respectively. After the progression, we chose almonertinib when the patient refused to re-chemotherapy. Under the treatment of almonertinib, the PFS time of the patient reached 14 months. Conclusions: Almonertinib had the most substantial effect, and its use has not been previously reported for NSCLC patients with EGFR ex20ins mutations. The successful application of almonertinib reported here indicates that is a potential new treatment regimen for patients with EGFR ex20ins mutations.

Remarkable performance of atomically dispersed cobalt catalyst for catalytic removal of indoor formaldehyde.

The single atom catalysts have been widely studied in the catalytic reaction due to their 100% atomic utilization and ultra-high catalytic activity. However, the catalytic removal of formaldehyde on single atom catalysts have not been studied extensively and its catalytic mechanism is still unclear. In this work, atomically dispersed Co catalysts anchored in porous nitrogen-doped carbon were synthetized and the coordination environment of single Co atoms were further proved by the results of XAFS spectrum. The optimal atomically dispersed Co catalysts preformed outstanding removal performance for low-concentration HCHO (∼1 ppm) at room temperature. Furthermore, DFT calculations reveal the HCHO removal mechanism on atomically dispersed Co catalysts, which showed that HCHO molecules can react with O2 molecules adsorbed on single-atom Co sites through the Langmuir-Hinshelwood (L-H) pathway to generate CO2 and H2O at room temperature (HCHO â†’ HCOO* → CO2). This work provides a promising lead for exploring single-atom Co catalysts for HCHO oxidation.

Carbazoles in Oils, and Their Application in Identifying Oil Filling Pathways in Eocene Syn-Rift Fault Blocks in the Dongpu Depression, Bohai Bay Basin, East China.

Carbazoles and dimethyl carbazoles (DMCs) are important nitrogen heterocyclic aromatic compounds in oils and sedimentary rock extracts. Based on both migration fractionation effects and differences in the thermal stability of their isomers, carbazoles can be used to trace oil migration orientations and filling pathways. Molecular biomarker compositions indicate that all oils and oil-bearing sand extracts in the Eocene fault-blocked reservoirs of the Huzhuangji area (Western Slope Belt) of the Dongpu Depression (Bohai Bay Basin, East China) belong to a single oil population. In this study, four geochemical indicators relating to carbazoles, namely (a) 1,8-/2,7-dimethyl carbazoles (1,8-/2,7-DMC); (b) 1,8-/2,5-dimethyl carbazoles (1,8-/2,5-DMC); (c) 1,8-/N-exposed dimethyl carbazoles (1,8-/N-exposed DMC); and (d) G1 N-shielded %, were applied to trace oil migration orientations and filling pathways. The results show that these parameter values gradually increase toward the Hu-5 fault block at the structural high. The measured values from the subsurface are consistent with the results calculated from the molecular adsorption modeling. Therefore, it is concluded that the relative parameters of dimethyl carbazoles are practical molecular indicators for tracing oil migration orientations and filling pathways in syn-rift fault-blocked reservoirs.

Electronic Structure Regulation of Iron Phthalocyanine Induced by Anchoring on Heteroatom-Doping Carbon Sphere for Efficient Oxygen Reduction Reaction and Al-Air Battery.

Aluminum-air batteries (AABs) are deemed as a potential clean energy storage device. However, exploiting high-efficiency and stable oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalysts in AABs is still a challenge. Iron phthalocyanine (FePc) shows a great prospect in ORR but still far from Pt-based catalysts. Here, the hybrid electrocatalysts of monolayer FePc and hollow N,S-doped carbon spheres (HNSCs) are innovatively constructed through π-π stacking to achieve high dispersion. The resulting FePc@HNSC catalyst exhibits an outstanding ORR activity, outperforming that of pristine FePc and even most Fe-based catalysts reported to date. Moreover, the AAB using FePc@HNSC catalyst not only demonstrates a superior power density than the battery with Pt/C, but also displays stable discharge voltages and excellent durability. Furthermore, the theoretical calculations confirm that the charge distribution and d-band center of the Fe atom in FePc are efficiently optimized by hybrid configuration via the introduction of N,S-doped carbon substrate. The design leads to an enriched electron density around Fe active sites and significant reduction of energy barrier for OH* formation, which are favorable for the improvement of electrocatalytic ORR performance. This work provides a chance to expand the application of metallic macrocyclic compound electrocatalysts in various energy technologies.

Nonbone Marrow CD34+ Cells Are Crucial for Endothelial Repair of Injured Artery.

[Figure: see text].