Metabolomics comparison of four varieties apple with different browning characters in response to pretreatment during pulp processing.

Browning commonly appeared in apple processing, which varied in different apple varieties. Present work investigated the metabolomics of four varieties apple of Yataka, Gala, Sansa, and Fuji, which possessed different browning characteristics and related enzymes. Sansa as browning insensitive apple variety, exhibited the least chroma change with the lowest PPO activity and the highest SOD activity among the four apple varieties. Browning inhibition pretreatment increased the activity of SOD and PAL and decreased PPO and POD activity. In addition, metabolomic variances among the four apple varieties (FC), their browning pulp (BR) and browning inhibition pulp (CM) were compared. And the key metabolites were in-depth analyzed to match the relevant KEGG pathways and speculated metabolic networks. There were 487, 644, and 494 significant differential metabolites detected in FC, BR and CM, which were consisted of lipids, benzenoids, phenylpropanoids, organheterocyclic compounds, organic acids, nucleosides, accounting for 23 %, 11 %, 15 %, 16 %, 11 % of the total metabolites. The differential metabolites were matched with 39, 49, and 36 KEGG pathways in FC, BR, and CM, respectively, in which other secondary metabolites biosynthesis metabolism was the most significant in FC, lipid metabolism was the most significant in BR and CM, and energy metabolism was markedly annotated in CM. Notably, Sansa displayed the highest number of differential metabolites in both its BR (484) and CM (342). The BR of Sansa was characterized by flavonoid biosynthesis, while the other three apple varieties were associated with α-linolenic acid metabolism. Furthermore, in browning sensitive apple varieties, the flavonoid and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway was significantly activated by browning inhibition pretreatment. Phenolic compounds, lipids, sugars, organic acids, nucleotides, and adenosine were regulated differently in the four apple varieties, potentially serving as key regulatory sites. Overall, this work provides novel insight for browning prevention in different apple varieties.

Primary advanced esophago-gastric melanoma: A rare case.

Primary esophageal or gastric melanoma is a very rare disease with early metastasis. Due to its atypical symptom and less efficiency of chemotherapy and radiotherapy, the prognosis of esophageal or gastric melanoma is still very poor. Surgical resection remains the preferential treatment for esophageal or gastric melanoma. Here we present an extremely rare case of primary advanced esophago-gastric melanoma. Debulking surgery was performed without chemotherapy or radiotherapy. However, abdominal recurrence and hepatic metastases were found within one month by a postoperative follow-up computed tomography. Three and a half months after surgical resection, the patient died of extensive abdominal metastasis.

PEITC reverse multi-drug resistance of human gastric cancer SGC7901/DDP cell line.

Gastric cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer death in the world and nearly all patients who respond initially to cisplatin later develop drug resistance, indicating multi-drug resistance is an essential aspect of the failure of treatment. Phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) has been implicated in inhibiting metastasis of several types of human cancer. However, the effect and potential mechanism of PEITC reversed multi-drug resistance of human gastric cancer is not fully clear. We have identified the role of PEITC in multi-drug resistance reversal of human gastric cancer SGC7901/DDP cell line. PEITC inhibited cisplatin-resistant human SGC7901/DDP cell growth in a dose-dependent manner, causing increased apoptosis, ROS generation, glutathione depletion, accumulation of Rhodamine-123, decreased expression of P-glycoprotein and cell cycle arrest. mRNA and protein expression of the multi-drug resistance gene (MDR1), multi-drug resistance-associated protein (MRP1), excision repair cross-complementing gene 1 (ERCC1), survivin, and Mad2 was decreased, and phosphorylation of Akt and transcriptional activation of NF-κB were suppressed. PEITC may be useful as the therapeutic strategy for overcoming multi-drug resistance through suppressing the PI3K-Akt pathway in human gastric cancer.

[Screen and identification of the relative protein expressed in the acute tractive spinal cord injury in rats].

OBJECTIVE: To screen and identify the relative protein expressed in the acute tractive spinal cord injury (TSCI) in rats. METHODS: Ten adult Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into Sham group and TSCI group, 5 rats in each group. Rats from Sham group and TSCI group at 1 day after surgery were sacrificed for harvesting T13-L2 spinal tissue specimens. The extraction and quantitation of protein in the spinal tissue was finished firstly. Proteins from spinal tissue were separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) and identified by mass spectrometry (MS). The different expression map was established in each group, and proteins express differently was determined by comparing the level of each spot with gel imaging software and manually. Proteins were identified by High performance liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem (NanoUPLC-ESI-MS/MS) and peptide sequence tag with tandem MS combining with database respectively. After that, the function of these identified proteins was known and classified. RESULTS: There were 22 differential protein expression spots were found between Sham group and TSCI group. Among them, 18 spots were up-regulated and 4 were down-regulated. 4 differential protein expression spots were newly found in TSCI group. Sixteen significant proteins were identified by NanoUPLC-ESI-MS/MS. Four kind of proteins were related to apoptosis, 3 in nerve signal transduction and 6 in metabolism, respectively. Unnamed proteins were 3. CONCLUSIONS: The differential expression proteins were found between Sham group and TSCI group. These identified proteins may play important role in the process of injury and recovery through transduction nerve signal, regulating nerve cells apoptosis and metabolism.

A comparative study of ipsilateral intertrochanteric and femoral shaft fractures treated with long proximal femoral nail antirotation or plate combinations.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the results of long proximal femoral nail antirotation (PFNA-long) and plate combinations in the treatment of ipsilateral intertrochanteric and femoral shaft fractures. METHODS: Between March 2004 and April 2009, 23 patients with ipsilateral intertrochanteric and femoral shaft fractures were treated with PFNA-long or plate combinations. The patients were divided into two groups. Group I contained 13 patients who were treated with dynamic hip screws (DHS) combined with compression plate fixation. The 10 patients in Group II were treated with PFNA-long. RESULTS: The average follow-up was 17.8 and 16.8 months for Groups I and II, respectively. The average union time for intertrochanteric fractures was 17.4 and 16.6 weeks in Groups I and II, respectively, and for femoral shaft fracture 22.2 and 21.5 weeks, respectively. There were nine good, two fair, and two poor functional results in Group I, and eight good, one fair, and one poor in Group II. There was nonunion of two femoral shaft fractures in Group I and one in Group II. There were no significant differences between the two groups in functional outcomes or major complications. CONCLUSION: Both treatment methods achieve satisfactory functional outcomes in patients with ipsilateral intertrochanteric and femoral shaft fractures. PFNA-long is the better choice for the treatment of complex fractures, having the advantages of minimal exposure, reduced perioperative blood loss, and achievement of biological fixation of both fractures with a single implant.

[Multicenter cross-sectional study of anemia in patients with gastric and colorectal cancer before and after the operation].

OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of cancer-related anemia and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in patients with gastric and colorectal cancer in North of China. METHODS: A cross-sectional study of 262 inpatients diagnosed with gastric or colorectal cancer admitted to eight general hospitals in Beijing from August 2009 to December 2009 was performed. The blood samples were took on the day after admission and the seventh day after operation for the tests of hemoglobin, serum iron and ferritin. The morbidity of cancer-related anemia and IDA before and after the surgery was also compared respectively. RESULTS: The preoperative morbidity of cancer-related anemia was 36.6% in 131 patients with gastric cancer, and the morbidity of IDA was 52.1%. The mean age of the anemic patients was higher than that in cases without anemia [(62 ± 11) yrs vs. (57 ± 12) yrs, P < 0.05]; the postoperative morbidity of IDA increased to 72.6% (P < 0.05). In the 131 cases with colorectal cancer, the preoperative incidence of cancer-related anemia and IDA was 37.4% and 61.2%, respectively. About 45% of the cases with anemia had a tumor in the right colon. Postoperative incidence of IDA was significantly higher than that before the surgery (76.7%, P < 0.05). Only 10.3% of the anemic patients were treated with chalybeate therapy before surgical procedures, and the proportion was 22.7% after the operation. More than 50% of anemic patient received blood transfusion. CONCLUSIONS: Cancer-related anemia is a common clinical manifestation in patients with gastrointestinal cancer, and anemia occurs more frequently in elder and patients with right colon tumor. The treatment to cancer-related anemia is insufficient and a systematic therapy is needed to be established.

Ipsilateral basicervical femoral neck and shaft fractures treated with long proximal femoral nail antirotation or various plate combinations: comparative study.

BACKGROUND: Although many treatment methods have been developed, controversy exists regarding the optimal management of ipsilateral femoral neck and shaft fractures. The purpose of this retrospective study was to compare the results of long proximal femoral nail antirotation (PFNA-long) and various plate combinations in the treatment of ipsilateral basicervical femoral neck and shaft fractures. METHODS: Between January 2004 and May 2008, a total of 21 patients with ipsilateral basicervical femoral neck and shaft fractures were treated with PFNA-long or various plate combinations. We divided patients into two groups. Group I included 11 patients who underwent surgery with cancellous lag screws or dynamic hip screws (DHS) combined with compression plate fixation. Group II included 10 patients who underwent surgery with PFNA-long. RESULTS: The average follow-up periods were 22.2 and 20.8 months for groups I and II, respectively. The average union times for femoral neck fractures in groups I and II were 15.6 and 16.0 weeks, respectively; and the average union times for shaft fractures were 21.1 and 20.3 weeks, respectively. There were eight good, two fair, and one poor functional result in group I and eight good, one fair, and one poor in group II. One case of implant failure and nonunion of the femoral shaft fracture occurred in group I. There were no significant differences in the functional outcomes or major complications between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Both treatment methods achieved satisfactory functional outcomes in patients with ipsilateral basicervical femoral neck and shaft fractures. PFNA-long was a good option for the treatment of complex fractures, with the advantages of closed antegrade nailing with minimal exposure, reduced perioperative blood loss, and biological fixation of both fractures with a single implant.

Limitations in SELDI-TOF MS whole serum proteomic profiling with IMAC surface to specifically detect colorectal cancer.

BACKGROUND: Surface enhanced laser desorption and ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF-MS) analysis on serum samples was reported to be able to detect colorectal cancer (CRC) from normal or control patients. We carried out a validation study of a SELDI-TOF MS approach with IMAC surface sample processing to identify CRC. METHODS: A retrospective cohort of 338 serum samples including 154 CRCs, 67 control cancers and 117 non-cancerous conditions was profiled using SELDI-TOF-MS. RESULTS: No CRC "specific" classifier was found. However, a classifier consisting of two protein peaks separates cancer from non-cancerous conditions with high accuracy. CONCLUSION: In this study, the SELDI-TOF-MS-based protein expression profiling approach did not perform to identify CRC. However, this technique is promising in distinguishing patients with cancer from a non-cancerous population; it may be useful for monitoring recurrence of CRC after treatment.

[Clinicopathologic features and treatment of ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinicopathologic features of and appropriate treatment of ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast (DCIS). METHODS: The clinical and pathologic data of 41 cases of DCIS, aged 52.7 (30-82), 15 of which were diagnosed as with ductal carcinoma in situ with microinvasion (DCIS-MI) and of which 18 were in the Van Nuys grade I, 13 in the grade II, and 10 in the grade III, were collected and analyzed. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to examine the expressions of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), P53 and C-erbB-2. RESULTS: Microinvasion was correlated with the histologic categories (chi(2) = 4.60, P < 0.05) and tumor size (chi(2) = 9.78, P < 0.05) significantly. The expression rates of ER, PR, PCNA, P53, and C-erbB-2 were 68.3%, 65.9%, 63.4%, 26.8%, and 46.3%, respectively. There was no significant difference in the expression of the biologic markers between the patients with DCIS and those with DCIS-MI. The expression levels of ER, P53, and C-erbB-2 were correlated with the histologic categories significantly (chi(2) = 11.45, 11.97, 4.38, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The Van Nuys histologic classification accords with the requirement of clinical treatment and prognosis. The patients with DCIS should undergo individualized treatment.