Ahf-Caltide, a Novel Polypeptide Derived from Calpastatin, Protects against Oxidative Stress Injury by Stabilizing the Expression of CaV1.2 Calcium Channel.

Reperfusion after ischemia would cause massive myocardial injury, which leads to oxidative stress (OS). Calcium homeostasis imbalance plays an essential role in myocardial OS injury. CaV1.2 calcium channel mediates calcium influx into cardiomyocytes, and its activity is modulated by a region of calpastatin (CAST) domain L, CSL54-64. In this study, the effect of Ahf-caltide, derived from CSL54-64, on myocardial OS injury was investigated. Ahf-caltide decreased the levels of LDH, MDA and ROS and increased heart rate, coronary flow, cell survival and SOD activity during OS. In addition, Ahf-caltide permeated into H9c2 cells and increased CaV1.2, CaVß2 and CAST levels by inhibiting protein degradation. At different Ca2+ concentrations (25 nM, 10 µM, 1 mM), the binding of CSL to the IQ motif in the C terminus of the CaV1.2 channel was increased in a H2O2 concentration-dependent manner. CSL54-64 was predicted to be responsible for the binding of CSL to CaV1.2. In conclusion, Ahf-caltide exerted a cardioprotective effect on myocardial OS injury by stabilizing CaV1.2 protein expression. Our study, for the first time, proposed that restoring calcium homeostasis by targeting the CaV1.2 calcium channel and its regulating factor CAST could be a novel treatment for myocardial OS injury.

Risk Prediction Model for Crohn's Disease Based on Hematological Indicators.

BACKGROUND: The similarity between Crohn's disease (CD) and non-CD, especially with ulcerative colitis (UC) or intestinal tuberculosis (ITB), makes the diagnostic error rate not low. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an efficient, fast, and simple predictive model that can be applied in clinical practice. The purpose of this study is to establish the risk prediction model for CD based on five routine laboratory tests by logistic-regression algorithm, to construct the early warning model for CD and the corresponding visual nomograph, and to provide an accurate and convenient reference for the risk determination and differential diagnosis of CD, in order to assist clinicians to better manage CD and reduce patient suffering. METHODS: Using a retrospective analysis, a total of 310 cases were collected from 2020 to 2022 at The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, who were diagnosed by comprehensive clinical diagnosis, including 100 patients with CD, 50 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), 110 patients with non-inflammatory bowel disease (non-IBD) diseases (65 cases of intestinal tuberculosis, radioactive enterocolitis 39, and colonic diverticulitis 6), and 50 healthy individuals (NC) in the non-CD group. Risk prediction models were established by measuring ESR, Hb, WBC, ALb, and CH levels in hematology. The models were evaluated and visualized using logistic-regression algorithm. RESULTS: 1) ESR, WBC, and WBC/CH ratios in the CD group were higher than those in the non-CD group, while ALb, Hb, CH, WBC/ESR ratio, and Hb/WBC ratio were lower than those in the non-CD group, and the differences were statistically significant (all p < 0.05). 2) CD occurrence had a strong correlation with the WBC/CH ratio, with the correlation coefficient exceeding 0.4; CD occurrence was correlated with other indicators. 3) A risk prediction model containing age, gender, ESR, ALb, Hb, CH, WBC, WBC/CH, WBC/ESR, and Hb/WBC characteristics was constructed using a logistic-regression algorithm. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and area under the curve of the model were 83.0%, 76.2%, 59.0%, 90.5%, and 0.86, respectively. The model based on the corresponding index also had high diagnostic accuracy (AUC = 0.88) for differentiating CD from ITB. Visual nomograph based on the logistic-regression algorithm was also constructed for clinical application reference. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, a CD risk prediction model was established and visualized by five conventional hema-tological indices: ESR, Hb, WBC, ALb, and CH, in addition to a high diagnostic accuracy for the differential diagnosis of CD and ITB.

Liver-targeting MRI contrast agent based on galactose functionalized o-carboxymethyl chitosan.

Commercial gadolinium (Gd)-based contrast agents (GBCAs) play important role in clinical diagnostic of hepatocellular carcinoma, but their diagnostic efficacy remained improved. As small molecules, the imaging contrast and window of GBCAs is limited by low liver targeting and retention. Herein, we developed a liver-targeting gadolinium (Ⅲ) chelated macromolecular MRI contrast agent based on galactose functionalized o-carboxymethyl chitosan, namely, CS-Ga-(Gd-DTPA)n, to improve hepatocyte uptake and liver retention. Compared to Gd-DTPA and non-specific macromolecular agent CS-(Gd-DTPA)n, CS-Ga-(Gd-DTPA)n showed higher hepatocyte uptake, excellent cell and blood biocompatibility in vitro. Furthermore, CS-Ga-(Gd-DTPA)n also exhibited higher relaxivity in vitro, prolonged retention and better T1-weighted signal enhancement in liver. At 10 days post-injection of CS-Ga-(Gd-DTPA)n at a dose of 0.03 mM Gd/Kg, Gd had a little accumulation in liver with no liver function damage. The good performance of CS-Ga-(Gd-DTPA)n gives great confidence in developing liver-specifc MRI contrast agents for clinical translation.

Identification of the Characteristic Genes and their Roles in Lung Adenocarcinoma Lymph Node Metastasis through Machine Learning Algorithm.

Background: Lymph node metastasis is an important route of lung cancer metastasis and can significantly affect the survival of lung cancer. Methods: All the analysis was conducted out in the R software. Expression profile and clinical information of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. Results: In our study, we firstly identified the characteristic genes of lymph node metastasis in LUAD through two machine learning algorithms, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) logistic regression, and SVM-RFE algorithms. Ten characteristic genes were finally identified, including CRHR2, ITIH1, PRSS48, MAS1L, CYP4Z1, LMO1, TCP10L2, KRT78, IGFBP1, and PITX3. Next, we performed univariate Cox regression, LASSO regression, and multivariate Cox regression sequentially to construct a prognosis model based on MAS1L, TCP10L2, and CRHR2, which had a good prognosis prediction efficiency in both training and validation cohorts. Univariate and multivariate analysis indicated that our model is a risk factor independent of other clinical features. Pathway enrichment analysis showed that in the high-risk patients, the pathway of MYC target, unfolded protein response, interferon alpha response, DNA repair, reactive oxygen species pathway, and glycolysis were significantly enriched. Among three model genes, MAS1L aroused our interest and therefore was selected for further analysis. KM survival curves showed that the patients with higher MAS1L might have better disease-free survival and progression-free survival. Further, pathway enrichment, genomic instability, immune infiltration, and drug sensitivity analysis were performed to in-deep explore the role of MAS1L in LUAD. Conclusions: Results showed that the signature based on MAS1L, TCP10L2, and CRHR2 is a useful tool to predict prognosis and lung cancer lymph node metastasis.

[Research status and prospect of artificial intelligence technology in the diagnosis of urinary system tumors].

With the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology, researchers have applied it to the diagnosis of various tumors in the urinary system in recent years, and have obtained many valuable research results. The article sorted the research status of artificial intelligence technology in the fields of renal tumors, bladder tumors and prostate tumors from three aspects: the number of papers, image data, and clinical tasks. The purpose is to summarize and analyze the research status and find new valuable research ideas in the future. The results show that the artificial intelligence model based on medical data such as digital imaging and pathological images is effective in completing basic diagnosis of urinary system tumors, image segmentation of tumor infiltration areas or specific organs, gene mutation prediction and prognostic effect prediction, but most of the models for the requirement of clinical application still need to be improved. On the one hand, it is necessary to further improve the detection, classification, segmentation and other performance of the core algorithm. On the other hand, it is necessary to integrate more standardized medical databases to effectively improve the diagnostic accuracy of artificial intelligence models and make it play greater clinical value.

Application value of goal-directed fluid therapy with ERAS in patients undergoing radical lung cancer surgery.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the application value of goal-directed fluid therapy (GDFT) in the enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) of patients undergoing radical lung cancer surgery (RLCS). METHODS: A total of 74 patients undergoing elective RLCS based on the enhance recovery after surgery (ERAS) concept in the HanDan Central Hospital between December 2016 and December 2019 were enrolled and assigned to a group treated by regular conventional liquids (regular group, n=34) and a group treated by goal-directed fluid (GDFT group, n=40) according to the fluid infusion scheme. The two groups were compared in intraoperative fluid inflow and outflow, hemodynamic indexes at 30 min (T0) before operation, 4 h (T1) and 24 h (T2) after operation, postoperative complications, postoperative recovery, inflammatory factors at 1 day (d 0) before operation, and at 1 day (d 1) and 7 days (d 3) after operation, as well as for postoperative life quality. RESULTS: Crystalloid fluid input, fluid infusion, and urine output of the GDFT group were all significantly less than those of the regular group (all P<0.05), and the GDFT group showed significantly lower fluctuations of MAP, cardiac index, and stroke volume (SV) than the regular group (all P<0.05). Additionally, the GDFT group showed a significantly lower overall complication rate and experienced notably earlier time to flatus and getting out-of-bed time and notably shorter hospitalization time than the regular group (all P<0.05). Moreover, the GDFT group presented with less fluctuation of IL-10, IL-6, and TNF-α levels and experienced notably higher life quality scores than the regular group. CONCLUSION: GDFT is beneficial to the rapid recovery of patients after RLCS, because it can exert a positive effect on maintaining the stability of hemodynamic indexes and reducing inflammation and postoperative complications.

Needle Adjustment Free (NAF) running suture technique (PAN suture) in laparoscopic partial nephrectomy.

BACKGROUND: It is proposed a new running suture technique called Needle Adjustment Free (NAF) technique, or PAN suture. The efficiency and the safety were evaluated in laparoscopic partial nephrectomy. METHODS: This new running suture technique avoids the Needle Adjustment method used in traditional techniques. The new continuous suture technique (11 patients) was compared with the traditional continuous suture method (33 patients) used in both transperitoneal and retroperitoneal laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN) in terms of suture time (ST), warm ischemia time (WIT), blood loss (BL), open conversion rate and post-op discharge time, post-op bleeding, post-op DVT, ΔGFR (affected side, 3 months post-op). Differences were considered significant when P < 0.05. RESULTS: ST in the PAN suture group was 30.37 ± 16.39 min, which was significant shorter (P = 0.0011) than in the traditional technique group which was 13.68 ± 3.33 min. WIT in the traditional technique group was 28.73 ± 7.89 min, while in the PAN suture group was 20.64 ± 5.04 min, P = 0.0028. The BL in entirety in the traditional technique group was 141.56 ± 155.23 mL, and in the PAN suture group was 43.18 ± 31.17 mL (P = 0.0017). BL in patients without massive bleeding in the traditional technique group was significantly greater than in the PAN suture group at 101.03 ± 68.73 mL versus 43.18 ± 31.17 mL (P = 0.0008). The open conversion rate was 0 % in both groups. There was no significant difference between the two groups in postoperative discharge time, post-op bleeding, post-op DVT, ΔGFR (affected side, 3 months post-op). CONCLUSIONS: The NAF running suture technique, or PAN suture, leading to less ST, WIT and BL, which was shown to be more effective and safer than the traditional technique used for LPN. A further expanded research with larger sample size is needed.

Fabrication and evaluation of melamine-formaldehyde resin crosslinked PVA composite coating membranes with enhanced oxygen barrier properties for food packaging.

Since PVA membrane is of limited use for food packaging applications in moist conditions, polyvinyl alcohol/melamine-formaldehyde resin (PVA/MF) composite coating membranes with various contents of MF were fabricated by a chemical crosslinking method to reduce the sensitivity of PVA to moisture. The morphology, chemical structure, thermal and mechanical properties of the resultant PVA/MF composite coating membranes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), FT-IR spectrometer, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and universal testing machine. In addition, their hazes and OTRs were also measured as a function of MF content. Experimental results showed that -OH in the molecular chain of MF and PVA could be crosslinked at room temperature to form a dense polymeric structure, resulting in the increase in viscosity and the decline in water absorption. The incorporation of MF into PVA gave rise to the enhancement of crosslinking through the C-O-C bonding and strong interface interaction between MF and PVA that was beneficial to improving its thermal stability, mechanical properties and barrier properties. Furthermore, the PVA/MF composite coating membranes exhibited superior transparency due to their good leveling and wettability on both BOPET and PLA substrates. The moisture resistance and barrier properties of the MF/PVA composite coated BOPET and PLA membranes under high humidity conditions have been greatly improved, and the oxygen transmission rates (OTRs) under 75% RH could still remain at about 1.0 cm3 per m2 per day. These characteristics of the PVA/MF composite coating membranes have made them exhibit widespread application prospects for coating membranes in the food packaging field.

ATG7-mediated autophagy involves in miR-138-5p regulated self-renewal and invasion of lung cancer stem-like cells derived from A549 cells.

Activation and proliferation of cancer stem cells exert an important role in the invasion, metastasis, and recurrence of malignant tumors, including lung cancer. Therefore, exploring molecular targets related to self-renewal and mobility of lung cancer stem cells has important clinical significance. In our present study, we aimed to explore the effects of miR-138-5p on lung cancer stem-like cells and associated regulatory mechanism. In our present study, enhanced self-renewal capacity and elevated expression of cancer stem cells markers CD133, CD44, aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 of lung cancer stem-like cells derived from A549 cells were firstly verified. Then, obviously enhanced autophagy was found in lung cancer stem-like cells compared with parental cells A549. Besides, we found that enhanced autophagy induced by rapamycin promoted self-renewal and cell mobility of lung cancer stem-like cells and suppression of autophagy by 3-methyladenine exerted just opposite effects. In addition, miR-138-5p was found to be downregulated in lung cancer stem-like cells compared with that in parental cell A549. At the same time, overexpression of miR-138-5p by transfected with miR-138-5p mimic was found to effectively suppress self-renewal and invasion of lung cancer stem-like cells. Further study revealed that ATG7 was a target of miR-138-5p and overexpressed miR-138-5p suppressed ATG7-mediated autophagy. In addition, specific small interference RNA-ATG7 strengthened the inhibiting effect of miR-138-5p mimic on self-renewal and invasion of lung cancer stem-like cells. Taken together, we found that autophagy helped to maintain self-renewal and invasion ability of lung cancer stem-like cells and overexpressed miR-138-5p exerted anti-tumor effects by blocking the self-renewal and invasion of lung cancer stem-like cells through suppressing ATG7-mediated autophagy.

One-step preparation of ZVI-sludge derived biochar without external source of iron and its application on persulfate activation.

Zero Valent Iron (ZVI) is an important and widely employed environmental remediation material in brownfield. However, the instability of fine size ZVI and the strong aggregation of nanoscale-ZVI limited its further application. To overcome these drawbacks, ZVI-Sludge Derived Biochar (SDBC) was prepared without external iron source through the one-step process of pyrolysis. The characterization results including SEM-EDX, XRD and XPS confirmed the successful loading of Fe0 on the surface of SDBC. The activation efficiency of persulfate (PS) in in-situ chemical oxidation system was studied. The environmental remediation properties of ZVI-SDBC/PS system were evaluated employing acid orange (AO7) and landfill leachate as target pollutants. ZVI-SDBC/PS system was highly efficient as that 99.0% of AO7 (0.06 mM) was removed by 0.925 mM of PS and 0.5 g L-1 of ZVI-SDBC. In addition, total organic carbon (TOC) and ammonia in leachate were removed by 62.8% and 99.8%, respectively. The removal efficiency of AO7 was nearly independent on initial pH as that 89.1% and 99.1% of AO7 were removed at pH of 9.08 and 2.13 respectively. Hydroxyl radicals dominated in the reaction under neutral and alkaline conditions with contribution rates of 71.9% and 86.1% respectively. Noticeably, not only free radicals but also non-radical species such as singlet oxygen contributed to the degradation, which favored the pH-independent performance. The reuse performance of ZVI-SDBC was higher than these of previously reported ZVI-based catalysts as that the first-order rate constant of AO7 removal decreased not much from 0.0718 to 0.0502 min-1 after the three-cycle reuse assays. In summary, ZVI-SDBC showed advantages such as the facile and chemical-saving preparation method, reliable disposal of municipal sewage sludge, remarkable efficiency and stability. These advantages proved ZVI-SDBC/PS system as an effective strategy of controlling waste by waste, and implicated its potential application in full-scale for environmental remediation in brownfield.

The lncRNA MIR4435-2HG promotes lung cancer progression by activating ß-catenin signalling.

Recently, emerging evidence has suggested that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have crucial roles in cancer progression. Here, we demonstrated that the lncRNA MIR4435-2HG was highly expressed in lung cancer tissues and correlated with histological grades and lymph node metastasis. Phenotypic analysis indicated that MIR4435-2HG knockdown inhibited lung cancer cell proliferation and invasion in vitro and in vivo. Notably, MIR4435-2HG knockdown suppressed the EMT (epithelial-mesenchymal transition) process and cancer stem cell traits of lung cancer cells. Mechanistically, MIR4435-2HG knockdown decreased the transactivation of ß-catenin. MIR4435-2HG interacted with ß-catenin and thus prevented its degradation by the proteasome system. Our findings highlight the important roles and mechanisms of MIR4435-2HG in lung cancer progression. High expression of lncRNA MIR4435-2HG correlates with lung cancer progression MIR4435-2HG promotes lung cancer cells proliferation and invasion MIR4435-2HG knockdown suppresses the EMT process and cancer stem cell traits MIR4435-2HG knockdown inhibits the ß-catenin signalling.

DOSIMETRIC VARIATION IN HUMAN EXPOSURE TO 20 MHZ-3 GHZ ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS DUE TO CHANGES IN DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES.

Specific energy absorption rate (SAR) is often used to assess human exposure to electromagnetic radiation. SAR is strongly related to incident field parameters, characteristics of the body exposed, ground effects and other factors. In this study, changes in dielectric properties, due to health and age status, were taken into account in the simulation of SAR in a Chinese male model exposed to eight orthogonal plane-wave configurations at the frequency range of 20 MHz-3 GHz. The results show that changes in dielectric properties can cause variations in SAR. Moreover, the variation in SAR was influenced by frequency, electric polarisation and incident direction. Therefore, it is of great significance to distinguish the frequency and exposure configuration when a change in dielectric properties is applied in the evaluation of SAR. In addition, more general cases with a random change in dielectric properties should be performed, which are more realistic.

Highly expressed lncRNA CRNDE promotes cell proliferation through Wnt/ß-catenin signaling in renal cell carcinoma.

Recently, numerous studies revealed that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play complex roles in the field of tumor biology, while the functions of lncRNA in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remain largely unknown. In the current study, we retrieved Oncomine database and found a lncRNA colorectal neoplasia differentially expressed (CRNDE) which is highly expressed in different cohorts of RCC patients; this clue reminds us that CRNDE might exert its functions in RCC tumorigenesis. We then detected the level of CRNDE in fresh RCC tissues and found that CRNDE is significantly up-regulated compared with adjacent tissues. Furthermore, both loss and gain function assays revealed that CRNDE promotes RCC cell proliferation and growth both in vitro and in vivo.In addition, we found that CRNDE regulates the cell cycle transition from G0/G1 stage to S stage and modulates the expression of CCND1 and CCNE1. Moreover, we further illustrated that CRNDE activates Wnt/ß-catenin signaling in RCC cell lines. Taken together, in the current study, we found that lncRNA CRNDE is highly expressed in RCC malignant tissues and the heightened CRNDE robustly promotes RCC cell proliferation through activating Wnt/ß-catenin signaling; our findings enlarge our knowledge in the molecular pathology of RCC tumorigenesis.

Far-field radiation patterns of second harmonic generation from gold nanoparticles under tightly focused illumination.

We study far-field angular radiation patterns of second harmonic generation (SHG) from gold nanosphere, nanocube, nanorod, and nanocup illuminated by tightly focused linearly and radially polarized beams, respectively. It is found that under linearly polarized illumination, far-field forward-scattering SHG (FSHG) dominates second harmonic (SH) responses generated by those gold particles. On the contrary, it is amazing that significant backward-scattering SHG (BSHG) can be observed when those gold nanoparticles are excited by a focused radially polarized beam. For the case of gold nanosphere, the effective point dipole systems are developed to reasonably elucidate this interesting difference. Our investigations suggest that for SHG microscopy with backward detection scheme, tightly focused radially polarized beam could be a promising excitation field to improve the backward SH signal.

Loss of protocadherin-17 (PCDH-17) promotes metastasis and invasion through hyperactivation of EGFR/MEK/ERK signaling pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Metastasis has been one of the major reasons for cancer-related mortality, with multiple genes and pathways being involved in this complex process. Given the molecular variations underlying metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains largely unknown; in our previous work, we found copying number of protocadherin-17 (PCDH-17) was significantly deleted in HCC tissues that occurred to metastasize compared with that in the primary HCC without metastasis. Therefore, we hypothesized that PCDH-17 may suppress the metastasis of HCC. There has been, however, no relevant literature available regarding PCDH-17 in HCC. In the present study, we have immunohistochemically detected and clinicopathologically analyzed the expression of PCDH-17 in vivo in clinical tissues; besides, we have explored the role of PCDH-17 ex vivo using a panel of HCC cell lines. It was discovered that PCDH-17 expression was clinically correlated with overall prognosis as well as metastasis in vivo and that PCDH-17 inhibited metastasis via EGFR/MEK/ERK signaling pathway ex vivo. Together, our results obtained both in vivo and ex vivo suggested that activation of EGFR/MEK/ERK signaling pathway through PCDH-17 promotes metastasis in HCC.

[Effect of 33 Hz Pulsed Electric Field on Insulin Amyloidosis].

The destabilizing of protein leads to self-aggregation and fibrillar assemblies. In the form of amyloid fibrils or fibril precursors, protein not only lacks the original biological function but also may be harmful to organisms. Stimulated by an intense electric field, the secondary structures of protein can be disturbed and transfer to aggregations or unfolding conformations, which may inhibit the fibrillation process. As a model for disease-associated amyloids, insulin fibrillation is proposed to occur via partial unfolding of a monomeric intermediate. This project is focusing on in-vitro studies employing a 33 Hz pulsed electric field (PEF) to see if there is possible causal connection between insulin fibrillation and PEF exposure. Thioflavin T (ThT)-fluorescence, circular dichroism(CD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques were employed regarding the effects of exposure duration and field intensity of the PEF on the fibrillation mechanism of insulin. The results confirm that the PEF exposed insulin molecules may primitively have a slight change in its native structure, causing aggregation. The aggregates in the PEF exposed insulin solution are difficult to dissolve to facilitate the unfolding of insulin molecules. When the molecular conformation converts from α-helical to ß-sheet structure, the fibrillation velocity in the PEF exposed insulin is accelerated by the PEF exposure thereby shortening the lifetime of the intermediates. The morphology of mature fibrils changes from long twisted fibrils to shorter and less matured fibrils. All these effects enhance when the exposure duration and electric intensity increase. The investigated evidences suggest that the PEF can inhibit insulin amyloidosis.

The miR-101/RUNX1 feedback regulatory loop modulates chemo-sensitivity and invasion in human lung cancer.

The deregulation of miR-101 has been implicated in multiple cancer types including lung cancer, but the exact role, mechanisms and how silencing of miR-101 remain elusive. Here we confirmed miR-101 downregulation in lung cancer cell lines and patient tissues. Restored miR-101 expression remarkably sensitized lung cancer cells to chemotherapy and inhibited invasion. Mechanistically, we indicated that miR-101 inversely correlated with RUNX1 expression, and identified RUNX1 as a novel target of miR-101. RUNX1 impaired the effects of miR-101 on chemotherapeutic sensitization and invasion inhibition. Moreover, RUNX1 knockdown resulted into increase of miR-101 expression and elevation of luciferase activity driven by miR-101 promoter in lung cancer cells, suggesting RUNX1 negatively transcriptionally regulated miR-101 expression via physically binding to miR-101 promoter. These findings support that miR-101 downregulation accelerates the progression of lung cancer via RUNX1 dependent manner and suggest that miR-101/RUNX1 feedback axis may have therapeutic value in treating refractory lung cancer.

Incidence and mortality of laryngeal cancer in Zhejiang cancer registry, 2000-2011.

BACKGROUND: Laryngeal cancer is the one of the most prevalent cancer of the upper respiratory tract. Aiming to get a better understanding of the epidemiological characteristics and trends of laryngeal cancer in Zhejiang cancer registry in China during 2000-2011, we used the standardized quality control and statistical methods to analyze the incidence and mortality that were vital for making decision about laryngeal cancer prevention and control. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Comparably high-quality data from eight population-based cancer registries in Zhejiang from 2000 to 2011 were qualified for analysis. The pooled data were stratified by area, sex, and age group. All incidence and mortality rates were age-standardized to the 2000 Chinese standard population and Segi's population, which were expressed per 100,000 populations. Average annual percent changes (AAPCs) and 95% confidence intervals of laryngeal cancer incidence and mortality were calculated for the temporal trends. The logarithmic trend line was also drawn to reflect the time trends of incidence and mortality. RESULTS: During the 12 years, the 8 cancer registries covered a total of 81,758,277 person-year population (65,500,842 in urban and 16,257,435 in rural areas) including 41,315,911 person-year males and 40,442,366 person-year females. The age-standardized incidence rates were 1.10/10(5) by Chinese population and 1.12/10(5) by world population, respectively. The incidence of laryngeal cancer was relatively low in subjects under 44 years old. Then, it increased sharply after 45 years old and finally reached the peak in subjects of 75-79 years old. The age-standardized mortality rates of the Chinese population and world population were 0.28/10(5) and 0.35/10(5), respectively. The mortality of laryngeal cancer was at a low level in subjects under 49 years old. The rate dramatically increased in subjects over 50 years old, and then peaked in the age group of 80-84 years. The crude incidence of laryngeal cancer in Zhejiang cancer registration areas in 2000 was approximately 1.39/10(5), and it reached 1.78/10(5) in 2011, with the AAPC of 2.47%; the temporal trend line indicates that the incidence remained steady during the 12 years. The crude mortality of laryngeal cancer in Zhejiang registration areas in 2000 was about 0.30/10(5) and increased to 0.66/10(5), with the AAPC of 4.24% which showed no statistical significance; the temporal trend line indicates that mortality was going up to a certain extent, but not evident. CONCLUSIONS: Laryngeal cancer significantly influenced the quality of life for the patients. The comprehensive measures should be carried out to prevent the upward trend of laryngeal cancer.

[Incidence and mortality of thyroid cancer in six cancer registries of Zhejiang province, 2000-2009].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the incidence and mortality rates of thyroid cancer in Zhejiang province during 2000 to 2009. METHODS: The data of thyroid cancer were collected from six cancer registries in Zhejiang province and the incidence and mortality rates of thyroid cancer were analysed. RESULTS: The mean annual incidence rate of thyroid cancer in Zhejiang cancer registration areas was 6.93/100 000 during 2000 to 2009, and male/female ratio was 1: 3.43. The incidence rate was 3.62/100 000 in 2000 and it increased to 11.42/100 000 in 2009, with the annual percent change (APC) of 16.32% (95% confidence interval: 12.90%-19.85%). The mean annual mortality rate of thyroid cancer was 0.27/100 000 during 2000 to 2009, and male/female ratio was 1: 1.12. The mortality showed a rising trend without a distinct fluctuation from 2000 to 2009, the APC was 2.14% (95% confidence interval: from -7.10% to 12.30%). The incidence showed a rising trend with the increase of ages after 15 years old, and peaked at 55-60 years old. The mortality was low before 54 years old, but showed a rising trend with a distinct fluctuation after 55 years old, and peaked at 85-90 years old. CONCLUSION: The prevention and control of risk factors for thyroid cancer in young and middle-aged people is key to decrease the incidence and mortality of thyroid cancer.

Analysis of cancer incidence in Zhejiang cancer registry in China during 2000 to 2009.

OBJECTIVE: The Zhejiang Provincial Cancer Prevention and Control Office collected cancer registration data during 2000 to 2009 from 6 cancer registries in Zhejiang province of China in order to analyze the cancer incidence. METHODS: Descriptive analysis included cancer incidence stratified by sex, age and cancer site group. The proportions and cumulative rates of 10 common cancers in different groups were also calculated. Chinese population census in 1982 and Segi's population were used for calculating age-standardized incidence rates. The log-linear model was used for fitting to calculate the incidence trends. RESULTS: The 6 cancer registries in Zhejiang province in China covered a total of 60,087,888 person-years during 2000 to 2009 (males 30,445,904, females 29,641,984). The total number of new cancer cases were 163,104 (males 92,982, females 70,122). The morphology verified cases accounted for 69.7%, and the new cases verified only by information from death certification accounted for 1.23%. The crude incidence rate in Zhejiang cancer registration areas was 271.5/105 during 2000 to 2009 (male 305.41/105, female 236.58/105), age-standardized incidence rates by Chinese standard population (ASIRC) and by world standard population (ASIRW) were 147.1/105 and 188.2/105, the cumulative incidence rate (aged from 0 to 74) being 21.7%. The crude incidence rate was 209.6/105 in 2000, and it increased to 320.20/105 in 2009 (52.8%), with an annual percent change (APC) of 4.51% (95% confidence interval, 3.25%-5.79%). Age-specific incidence rate of 80-84 age group was achieved at the highest point of the incidence curve. Overall with different age groups, the cancer incidences differed, the incidence of liver cancer being highest in 15-44 age group in males; the incidence of breast cancer was the highest in 15-64 age group in females; the incidences of lung cancer were the highest in both males and females over the age of 65 years. CONCLUSIONS: Lung cancer, digestive system malignancies and breast cancer are the most common cancers in Zhejiang province in China requiring an especial focus. The incidences of thyroid cancer, prostate cancer, cervical cancer and lymphoma have increased rapidly. Prevention and control measures should be implemented for these cancers.