Microwave and ultrasound extraction of antioxidant phenolic compounds from Lantana camara Linn. leaves: Optimization, comparative study, and FT-Orbitrap MS analysis.

INTRODUCTION: The species Lantana camara is used in folk medicine. The biological activities of this medicinal plant are attributable to the presence of various derivatives of triterpenoids and phenolic compounds present in its preparations, indicating excellent economic potential. OBJECTIVE: In this study, the operational conditions of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) were optimized using Box-Behnken design to improve the total phenolic content (TPC) recovered in hydroethanolic extracts of L. camara leaves. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The TPC, total flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant activities of the hydroalcoholic extracts of L. camara, prepared by UAE and MAE under the optimized extraction conditions, were compared with those of the extracts obtained by conventional extraction methods. RESULTS: Under the optimal conditions, the extracts obtained by UAE (35% ethanol, 25 min, and a solvent-to-solid ratio of 60:1 mL/g) and by MAE (53% ethanol, 15 min, and 300 W) provided high yields of 32.50% and 38.61% and TPC values of 102.89 and 109.83 mg GAE/g DW, respectively. The MAE extract showed the best results with respect to TPC, TFC, and antioxidant activities, followed by extracts obtained by UAE, Soxhlet extraction, decoction, maceration, and infusion, in that order. CONCLUSION: The results obtained indicate that L. camara may be used as an important source of antioxidant phenolic compounds to obtain products with high biological and economic potential, especially when the extraction process is performed under appropriate conditions using MAE and/or UAE, employing environmentally friendly solvents such as water and ethanol.

Intervenção nutricional educativa como ferramenta eficaz para mudança de hábitos alimentares e peso corporal entre praticantes de atividade física / Educational nutritional intervention as an effective tool for changing eating habits and body weight among those who practice physical activities

O presente estudo avaliou a eficácia de dois métodos de intervenção nutricional educativa entre mulheres praticantes de atividade física regular visando à adoção de práticas alimentares saudáveis. A população foi constituída de 52 mulheres de 19 a 59 anos, frequentadoras do Programa Academia da Cidade (Aracaju, SE). O estudo teve delineamento de comparação de dois grupos de intervenção e foi do tipo pré-teste/pós-teste. As ações educativas foram baseadas em dois protocolos, uma com ação menos intensiva (Grupo P1) e outra mais intensiva (Grupo P2), num período de dois meses. As variáveis analisadas foram as de conhecimento nutricional, medidas antropométricas e mudanças nos hábitos alimentares. As modificações identificadas foram melhora nos hábitos alimentares e redução do peso e Índice de Massa Corpórea para o Grupo P2. As modificações citadas referiram-se, principalmente, ao aumento do consumo de frutas, verduras e legumes, redução de gordura das preparações, redução do volume do alimento ingerido por refeição e aumento do fracionamento da dieta. Em relação aos conhecimentos em nutrição apenas 2 das 12 perguntas apresentaram aumento significativo da nota. A intervenção nutricional mais intensiva mostrou-se eficaz para mudanças de hábitos alimentares com repercussão na perda de peso corporal.

The scope of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of two methods of educational nutritional intervention together with women who practice regular physical activities by fostering the adoption of healthy eating habits. The study population consisted of 52 women aged between 19 and 59 who frequented the Academia da Cidade Program in Aracaju in the State of Sergipe. The study was a randomized comparison of two intervention groups and was of the pre-test/post-test variety. The educational activities were based on two protocols - one less intensive (P1 Group) and one more intensive (P2 Group) - over a period of two months. The variables analyzed were nutritional knowledge, anthropometric measurements and changes in eating habits. The changes identified were improvement in eating habits and reduction in weight and Body Mass Index for the P2 group. The modifications identified referred mainly to increased consumption of fruit and vegetables, reduction of fat in cooking, reduction in the volume of food eaten per meal and increased meal frequency. In relation to nutritional knowledge, only 2 of the 12 questions showed significant changes. The most intensive method proved effective in changing dietary habits leading to weight loss.

[Educational nutritional intervention as an effective tool for changing eating habits and body weight among those who practice physical activities]. / Intervenção nutricional educativa como ferramenta eficaz para mudança de hábitos alimentares e peso corporal entre praticantes de atividade física.

The scope of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of two methods of educational nutritional intervention together with women who practice regular physical activities by fostering the adoption of healthy eating habits. The study population consisted of 52 women aged between 19 and 59 who frequented the Academia da Cidade Program in Aracaju in the State of Sergipe. The study was a randomized comparison of two intervention groups and was of the pre-test/post-test variety. The educational activities were based on two protocols - one less intensive (P1 Group) and one more intensive (P2 Group) - over a period of two months. The variables analyzed were nutritional knowledge, anthropometric measurements and changes in eating habits. The changes identified were improvement in eating habits and reduction in weight and Body Mass Index for the P2 group. The modifications identified referred mainly to increased consumption of fruit and vegetables, reduction of fat in cooking, reduction in the volume of food eaten per meal and increased meal frequency. In relation to nutritional knowledge, only 2 of the 12 questions showed significant changes. The most intensive method proved effective in changing dietary habits leading to weight loss.