RESUMO
There are still many myths, incorrect beliefs, in medicine; some pertaining to the field of blood grouping are discussed. Certain fallacious statements are dealt with in detail such as the dependence on the A-B-O blood group of the shape of the retracted clot; the patients with Dupuytren contracture all being type Rh1Rh2; the assumption of an association with the blood groups of a number of diseases and even of temperament; the belief in the existence of ant-M-lectin and of little d and thus of anti-d sera; and also of the alleged LW (Landsteiner--Wiener) factor. Finally, Race and Sanger's system of symbols is condemned and the advantages of the author's own nomenclature are pointed out.
Assuntos
Antígenos de Grupos Sanguíneos , Contratura de Dupuytren/sangue , Humanos , Sistema do Grupo Sanguíneo Rh-Hr , Terminologia como Assunto , Trombose/sangueRESUMO
Spontaneously occurring agglutinins in animal sera are shown to fall into several categories, namely, 1. cold-reactive agglutinins; these often are nonspecific and act as autoagglutinins, 2. agglutinins reactive at room as well as refrigerator temperatures; these, like cold agglutinins, are usually IgM immunoglobulins which may be species-specific in their activity, or type-specific, notably, like anti-A and anti-B and 3. agglutinins reactive at body temperature, usually IgG immunoglobulins, and most often due to maternofetal incompatibility and transplacental immunization of the mother by fetal red cells. The naturally occurring cold autoantibodies are physiologic in nature and appear to be the raw materials for antibody production. This is postulated to be adaptive in nature by enzyme action, through in part genetically determined, as evidenced by the so-called constant polypeptide sections of the immunoglobulin molecules.
Assuntos
Anticorpos/classificação , Formação de Anticorpos , Primatas/sangue , Animais , Especificidade de Anticorpos , Autoanticorpos , Antígenos de Grupos Sanguíneos , Temperatura Baixa , Haplorrinos , Imunoglobulina G/análise , Imunoglobulina M/análise , Isoanticorpos , Especificidade da EspécieRESUMO
Blood grouping of nine pygmy chimpanzees revealed them to be human-type group A1, M,Rho, and simian-type V.D, CCef, g, H, I, K, L. Only group Nc was polymorphic. Pan paniscus red cells can be easily distinguished from those of Pan troglodytes by the serological characteristics of human-type blood groups A and M. Also, the distribution of the simian-type blood group systems V-A-B and C-E-F are strikingly different in the two species.