Predictive Model of the Relationship between Appearance, Eating Attitudes, and Physical Activity Behavior in Young People amid COVID-19.

This cross-sectional study conducted in Poland explored the relationship between the fear of negative appearance evaluations, eating disorders, and physical activity objectives, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. The Fear of Negative Appearance Evaluation Scale (FNAES), the Eating Attitude Test (EAT-26), and the Physical Activity Goals Inventory (IPAO) were administered to 644 participants (455 males with a mean age of 35.2 ± 6.2 years and 189 females with a mean age of 30.18 ± 5.7 years). This study explored the effects of gender, age, and body mass index (BMI) on FNAES, EAT-26, and IPAO scores. The results of this study demonstrated that females scored higher on fear of negative appearance, peaking at 41-50 years of age. Distinct BMI categories were associated with different negative appearance fear scores, eating attitudes, and physical activity objectives. Significant correlations were also found between the fear of negative appearance, dietary attitudes, and physical activity goals. Eating attitudes completely moderated the relationship between the fear of negative appearance and physical activity objectives. A significant interaction effect of age and body mass index on physical activity objectives was also revealed. These results highlight the relevance of considering gender, age, and body mass index when examining the associations between the fear of negative appearance, eating attitudes, and physical activity objectives.

Gender and Work Experience as Moderators of Relations between Management Level, Physical Activity, Eating Attitudes, and Social Skills of Managers during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Being employed in a managerial position is often associated with maintaining high standards in many aspects of life. Many leaders pay attention to their physical activity, eating habits, and social skills. The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic brought additional difficulties to the already-demanding job of managing people and forced managers to make many changes to their daily functioning at work. The main goal of this study was to establish whether Gender, Experience, and Management Level influenced respondents' healthy behaviors (eating attitudes and physical activity) or soft skills during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study was carried out during the COVID-19 pandemic with a sample of 348 managers from a variety of companies (n = 222 women, n = 126 men) with different levels of experience and responsibility. The authors used the 26-item Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26), four questions from the Physical Activity Objectives Questionnaire, and a self-authored soft skills questionnaire. The results showed that, compared to females, males were characterized by lower levels on all three EAT-26 scales: Bulimia and Food Preoccupation, Oral Control, and Dieting. On the other hand, male respondents who held high managerial positions were characterized by high levels of Dieting, Oral Control, Bulimia, and Food Preoccupation. This analysis provides insights that may help improve the quality of life of employees; however, further research is needed to investigate the direct influence of managers on employees in different industries.

Protozoan Intestinal Parasitic Infection in Patients with Hematological Malignancies.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of gastrointestinal protozoan infection in patients with hematological malignancies (HMs) undergoing intensive hemato-oncological treatment and to determine the influence of certain biological factors on the incidence of intestinal parasite infection. Stool samples were collected from hematological malignancy patients (n = 50) hospitalized at the Department of Hematology and Transplantology of the Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin. The control group consisted of 50 healthy participants. We used a direct smear examination and a commercial immunoenzymatic test. Intestinal protozoans were detected in 16% of patients with hematological malignancies and in 6% of individuals in the control group. In stool samples from patients with HM, cysts of Giardia intestinalis (2%), oocysts of Cryptosporidium spp. (10%), vacuolar forms of potentially pathogenic Blastocystis spp. (2%), and cysts of nonpathogenic Entamoeba coli (2%) were found. Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia intestinalis coproantigens were detected in 5 (10%) and 1 (2%) patients with HM, respectively. In three participants from the control group, vacuolar forms of Blastocystis spp. were found. In the patients with HM, a significantly higher prevalence of intestinal parasite infection was found in individuals working in the garden without protective gloves and those in contact with animals. In patients with hematological malignancies, intestinal parasites should be excluded, even during intensive chemotherapy treatment.

The Consequence of Excessive Consumption of Cow's Milk: Protein-Losing Enteropathy with Anasarca in the Course of Iron Deficiency Anemia-Case Reports and a Literature Review.

Cow's milk is a key component of a child's diet. While the consumption of even trace amounts can result in allergy to its proteins and/or hypolactasia, excessive cow's milk consumption can result in numerous health complications, including iron deficiency, due to the diet being improperly balanced. Although the incidence of iron deficiency has declined, it remains the most widespread nutritional deficiency globally and the most common cause of anemia. One rare consequence of anemia caused by iron deficiency is protein-losing enteropathy; however, the mechanisms of its development are unclear. The following manuscript, based on a literature review, presents two rare cases of children, a 16-month-old boy and a 2.5-year-old girl, who developed severe microcytic anemia, enteropathy with hypoalbuminemia, and anasarca as a result of excessive cow's milk consumption. It highlights the possible relationship between excessive consumption of cow's milk in children and severe iron deficiency anemia with accompanying hypoalbuminemia; it may also result in serious clinical conditions, even in children that do not demonstrate food hypersensitivity.

Colitis ulcerosa en un niño de 20 meses: a propósito de un caso / Ulcerative colitis in an infant aged 20 months: A case report

La disentería es un problema frecuente en la primera infancia y, normalmente, es causada por fisuras anales, enteritis infecciosa, proctocolitis alérgica, ingestión de sangre materna e invaginación intestinal. En ocasiones muy poco frecuentes, también puede ser provocada por un vólvulo, por coagulopatías, enterocolitis necrosante, pólipos, diverticulitis de Meckel o enfermedades intestinales inflamatorias (EII). La incidencia de EII en los niños está aumentando y afecta, incluso, a los lactantes. Los subtipos más comunes son la enfermedad de Crohn (EC) y la colitis ulcerosa (CU). Si bien el máximo de ocurrencia de EII se produce entre la segunda y la tercera décadas de vida, la EII pediátrica representa entre el 7% y el 20% de todos los casos. Dentro de este grupo etario, las tasas más elevadas se observan en la adolescencia; sin embargo, hay casos de inicio muy temprano de la EII, incluso antes de los seis años de edad. Los síntomas característicos de la EC incluyen dolor abdominal, diarrea y pérdida de peso, mientras que la CU en general se asocia con diarrea hemorrágica. El informe describe el caso de un niño de 20 meses con disentería, al que finalmente se le diagnosticó CU.

Bloody diarrhea is a common problem in early childhood, typically caused by anal fissures, infectious enteritis, allergic proctocolitis, swallowed maternal blood and intussusception. More rarely, it can also be caused by volvulus, coagulopathies, necrotizing enterocolitis, polyps, Meckel diverticulitis and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The incidence of IBD is on the rise in children, even affecting infants. The most common subtypes are Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). While IBD occurrence peaks in the second to third decades of life, paediatric IBD accounts for 7-20% of all cases. Within this age group, the highest rates are seen in the teenage years; however, very early onset IBD can be seen before six years of age. The classic symptoms of CD include abdominal pain, diarrhea and weight loss, while UC is typically associated with bloody diarrhea. The report describes the case of a 20-month-old boy with bloody diarrhea who was ultimately diagnosed with UC.

Ulcerative colitis in an infant aged 20 months. A case report. / Colitis ulcerosa en un niño de 20 meses: a propósito de un caso.

Bloody diarrhea is a common problem in early childhood, typically caused by anal fissures, infectious enteritis, allergic proctocolitis, swallowed maternal blood and intussusception. More rarely, it can also be caused by volvulus, coagulopathies, necrotizing enterocolitis, polyps, Meckel diverticulitis and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The incidence of IBD is on the rise in children, even affecting infants. The most common subtypes are Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). While IBD occurrence peaks in the second to third decades of life, paediatric IBD accounts for 7-20% of all cases. Within this age group, the highest rates are seen in the teenage years; however, very early onset IBD can be seen before six years of age. The classic symptoms of CD include abdominal pain, diarrhea and weight loss, while UC is typically associated with bloody diarrhea. The report describes the case of a 20-month-old boy with bloody diarrhea who was ultimately diagnosed with UC.

La disentería es un problema frecuente en la primera infancia y, normalmente, es causada por fisuras anales, enteritis infecciosa, proctocolitis alérgica, ingestión de sangre materna e invaginación intestinal. En ocasiones muy poco frecuentes, también puede ser provocada por un vólvulo, por coagulopatías, enterocolitis necrosante, pólipos, diverticulitis de Meckel o enfermedades intestinales inflamatorias (EII). La incidencia de EII en los niños está aumentando y afecta, incluso, a los lactantes. Los subtipos más comunes son la enfermedad de Crohn (EC) y la colitis ulcerosa (CU). Si bien el máximo de ocurrencia de EII se produce entre la segunda y la tercera décadas de vida, la EII pediátrica representa entre el 7% y el 20% de todos los casos. Dentro de este grupo etario, las tasas más elevadas se observan en la adolescencia; sin embargo, hay casos de inicio muy temprano de la EII, incluso antes de los seis años de edad. Los síntomas característicos de la EC incluyen dolor abdominal, diarrea y pérdida de peso, mientras que la CU en general se asocia con diarrea hemorrágica. El informe describe el caso de un niño de 20 meses con disentería, al que finalmente se le diagnosticó CU.