RESUMO
Until only a few years ago, there was only one truly effective therapy for patients with metastatic melanoma. While long-term remission could be achieved in some patients, toxicities associated with high-dose IL-2 were significant. New insight related to molecular pathways of tumor cells indicated that an activating mutation of BRAF can be found in approximately 50-60% of all patients with melanoma. Proof-of-concept demonstrated in clinical trials of a drug targeting mutant BRAF led to the approval of vemurafenib by the US FDA in August 2011. Supplied in an oral dosage form, we provide an alternative method of administering vemurafenib in a patient unable to take anything by mouth.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/administração & dosagem , Indóis/administração & dosagem , Melanoma/tratamento farmacológico , Sulfonamidas/administração & dosagem , Esquema de Medicação , Humanos , Intubação Gastrointestinal , Masculino , Melanoma/diagnóstico , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Resultado do Tratamento , VemurafenibRESUMO
Children with cystic fibrosis (CF) undergo repeated invasive medical procedures. This article summarises a survey of the use of nitrous oxide to minimise the psychological trauma and pain that was undertaken within the paediatric unit of a district general hospital (Williams et al 2004). Pain levels pre and post procedure, whether the treatment was effective, any adverse effects and comments by children and carers were recorded. Nitrous oxide was safe and effective in reducing pain, trauma and 'needle phobia'. It is now being offered to other children in the management of procedural pain.