Assuntos
Idoso Fragilizado , Promoção da Saúde/métodos , Idoso , Protocolos Clínicos , Nível de Saúde , Humanos , Atividade Motora , Profissionais de Enfermagem , Avaliação em Enfermagem/métodos , Avaliação em Enfermagem/normas , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição , Medicina Preventiva/métodos , Abandono do Hábito de Fumar/métodosRESUMO
Diabetes is the most common cause of end-stage renal disease; however, there is evidence that diabetes-related renal disease can be prevented with interventions currently available. The purposes of this article are to describe current screening and intervention guidelines for renal complications in patients with diabetes and to provide clinical nurse specialists with tools to facilitate the education and expert guidance needed by patients with diabetes to preserve their kidney function. This article includes (1) a review of the pathology of diabetic nephropathy, (2) a summary of screening guidelines, (3) current treatment recommendations to prevent or delay nephropathy, and (3) nursing strategies and tools framed within the education, expert coaching, and guidance roles of the clinical nurse specialist practice model.
Assuntos
Nefropatias Diabéticas/prevenção & controle , Falência Renal Crônica/prevenção & controle , Autocuidado , Nefropatias Diabéticas/enfermagem , Humanos , Programas de Rastreamento , Cooperação do Paciente , Educação de Pacientes como Assunto , Apoio SocialRESUMO
PURPOSE: The purpose of this research was to identify factors that affect the nutrition and exercise behaviors of persons over the age of 55 with type 2 diabetes. METHODS: Focus groups were conducted using a validated focus group interview guide to determine primary health concerns and health behaviors, favored learning modalities, barriers to learning, food preferences, and exercise preferences. RESULTS: The following major themes and subthemes were identified: some risk factors for diabetes and heart disease seem more salient than others; perceived susceptibility for serious outcomes of diabetes can occur through vicarious learning; willpower, often obtained through a belief in God, is necessary for successful behavior change; effective modification of behavior and building self-efficacy starts with small steps; and intrinsic reinforcement is necessary for behavior change. CONCLUSIONS: These data were used to identify strategies and messages to enhance adherence to nutrition and activity recommendations for persons with type 2 diabetes and accompanying cardiovascular risk factors.