RESUMO
Why HIV-specific CD8(+) T cells ultimately fail to clear or control HIV infection is not known. We show here that HIV-specific CD8(+) T cells exhibit increased sensitivity to CD95/Fas-induced apoptosis. This apoptosis is 3-fold higher compared to CMV-specific CD8(+) T cells from the same patients. HIV-specific CD8(+) T cells express the CD45RA(-)CD62L(-) but lack the CD45RA(+)CD62L(-) T cell effector memory (T(EM)) phenotype. This skewing is not found in CMV- and EBV-specific CD8(+) T cells in HIV-infected individuals. CD95/Fas-induced apoptosis is much higher in the CD45RA(-)CD62L(-) T(EM) cells. However, cytotoxicity and IFNgamma production by HIV-specific CD8(+) T cells is not impaired. Our data suggest that the survival and differentiation of HIV-specific CD8(+) T cells may be compromised by CD95/Fas apoptosis induced by FasL-expressing HIV-infected cells.
Assuntos
Apoptose , Infecções por HIV/imunologia , HIV/imunologia , Subpopulações de Linfócitos T/patologia , Linfócitos T Citotóxicos/patologia , Receptor fas/fisiologia , Adulto , Diferenciação Celular , Técnicas de Cocultura , Citomegalovirus/imunologia , Citotoxicidade Imunológica , Herpesvirus Humano 4/imunologia , Humanos , Memória Imunológica , Imunofenotipagem , Interferon gama/análise , Selectina L/análise , Antígenos Comuns de Leucócito/análise , Macrófagos/virologia , Subpopulações de Linfócitos T/imunologia , Linfócitos T Citotóxicos/imunologia , Carga ViralRESUMO
Diagnostical difficulties were shown in 275 patients with the superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS) evaluated in the years 1970-1982. Men consisted 84 percent of the group. In 68 percent the symptoms preceded hospitalization by less than one month. 31 percent of the patients were treated without histopathological verification. In 83 percent the cause of the SVCS was lung cancer. Only in 10 patients (5.3%) non-malignant causes were present. Basing on analysis of their material the authors conclude that it it possible to make a diagnosis of SVCS etiology in the majority of the patients. This is mandatory because the etiology of this syndrome is variable, and the therapy may produce unwarranted and unjustified side effects in many cases.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico , Linfoma/diagnóstico , Neoplasias do Mediastino/diagnóstico , Síndrome da Veia Cava Superior/diagnóstico , Adulto , Idoso , Constrição Patológica/diagnóstico , Constrição Patológica/etiologia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/complicações , Linfoma/complicações , Masculino , Neoplasias do Mediastino/complicações , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Síndrome da Veia Cava Superior/etiologiaRESUMO
The trends of age-adjusted and age-specific lung cancer incidence rates showed over the period of 1971-1980 substantial differences in four selected towns of Eastern Europe. The downward age-adjusted trends in males coincided in Berlin with the possible beginning of their downturn in the whole country, while their decline in both sexes in Bratislava could be related to the change of demographis factors. In the other two towns studied--Cracow and Tallinn--the substantial increase of lung cancer incidence in males corresponded with the similar evolution in both respective countries (Poland and Estonia). The rising trends in females in both mentioned towns could be more or less compared with their dramatic increase in some developed countries. The rising trends of age-specific rates in younger age groups of males do not indicate meanwhile the positive influence of low-tar or filter-tipped cigarettes on lung cancer incidence in males observed recently in some countries.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Pulmonares/epidemiologia , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Berlim , Estônia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Polônia , Sistema de Registros , Fatores Sexuais , População UrbanaAssuntos
Neoplasias/mortalidade , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Polônia , População Rural , Fatores Sexuais , Fatores de Tempo , População UrbanaRESUMO
Clones of complementary DNA encoding the human lymphokine known as granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) were isolated by means of a mammalian cell (monkey COS cell) expression screening system. One of these clones was used to produce recombinant GM-CSF in mammalian cells. The recombinant hematopoietin was similar to the natural product that was purified to apparent homogeneity from medium conditioned by a human T-cell line. The human T-cell GM-CSF was found to be 60 percent homologous with the GM-CSF recently cloned from murine lung messenger RNA.
Assuntos
Clonagem Molecular , Fatores Estimuladores de Colônias/genética , DNA , Granulócitos , Macrófagos , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Animais , Sequência de Bases , Linhagem Celular , Fatores Estimuladores de Colônias/biossíntese , Fatores Estimuladores de Colônias/isolamento & purificação , DNA Recombinante , Haplorrinos , Humanos , RNA Mensageiro/genética , Linfócitos T , TransfecçãoRESUMO
In 100 consecutive hepatic flow studies, 84 were read as negative. Of these, 73 (87%) also had negative static images. Knowing the nature of the primary tumor did not definitively aid in predicting whether hepatic meastases would have detectable early flow. Five cases showed early flow without defects seen in the static images. Three of these were probably related to lymphomas or allied disorders with altered flow. Two cases were in individuals with gastric carcinoma who had abdoninal radiation. One extrahepatic tumor was detected in the series.