Prediction of Death in Intracerebral Hemorrhage Patients After Minimally Invasive Surgery by Vital Signs and Blood Glucose.

OBJECTIVE: This study examined the impact of vital signs and blood glucose levels on the long-term prognosis of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) patients treated with minimally invasive surgery (MIS). METHODS: The patients diagnosed with ICH and treated with MIS within 24 hours of admission at the ∗∗ Hospital between January 2020 and October 2021 were included. The relationship between a range of indicators, including vital signs, blood glucose levels, and patient mortality at discharge and 3 or 12 months postdischarge were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 195 consecutive patients were included, of which 16 patients passed away during hospitalization, 29 and 34 within 3 and 12 months postdischarge, respectively. The multivariate analysis revealed that hospital death positively correlated with age ≥66.50 years, fasting blood glucose ≥8.25 mmol/L on the third day after MIS, systolic blood pressure ≥166.00 mmHg on the third day, and heart rate ≥89.50 beats/min at discharge (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.927). Death at 3 months positively correlated with male sex, blood glucose before dinner ≥8.15 mmol/L on the second day after MIS, body temperature ≥36.95°C at discharge, and heart rate ≥89.50 beats/minute at discharge (AUC = 0.810). Death at 12 months positively correlated with age ≥61.50 years, body temperature ≥36.95°C at discharge, and heart rate ≥92.50 beats/min on the third day after MIS (AUC = 0.824). CONCLUSIONS: The prognosis of ICH patients after MIS is closely related to their vital signs and blood glucose levels at various stages of hospitalization.

Self-Driven Electric Field Control of Orbital Electrons in AuPd Alloy Nanoparticles for Cancer Catalytic Therapy.

The free radical generation efficiency of nanozymes in cancer therapy is crucial, but current methods fall short. Alloy nanoparticles (ANs) hold promise for improving catalytic performance due to their inherent electronic effect, but there are limited ways to modulate this effect. Here, a self-driven electric field (E) system utilizing triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) and AuPd ANs with glucose oxidase (GOx)-like, catalase (CAT)-like, and peroxidase (POD)-like activities is presented to enhance the treatment of 4T1 breast cancer in mice. The E stimulation from TENG enhances the orbital electrons of AuPd ANs, resulting in increased CAT-like, GOx-like, and POD-like activities. Meanwhile, the catalytic cascade reaction of AuPd ANs is further amplified after catalyzing the production of H2 O2 from the GOx-like activities. This leads to 89.5% tumor inhibition after treatment. The self-driven E strategy offers a new way to enhance electronic effects and improve cascade catalytic therapeutic performance of AuPd ANs in cancer therapy.

Nomogram for Estimation of Acute Liver Failure Risk in Spontaneous Ruptured Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Purpose: Acute liver failure (ALF) is a severe complication of spontaneous ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma (SRHCC) that requires accurate prediction for effective treatment strategies. We aimed to develop a predictive nomogram to estimate the risk of ALF in patients with SRHCC undergoing treatment. Patients and Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of historical data from 284 patients diagnosed with SRHCC at the First Hospital of Jilin University over the past decade. Variables were selected through univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses, and a predictive nomogram was constructed. We evaluated its predictive accuracy against the Child-Pugh Score, R.MELD, and ALBI by assessing discrimination, calibration, and net clinical benefit. Results: Among the 284 patients, 65 developed ALF. The risk factors identified for model development included largest tumor size (LTS), platelet counts, prolonged prothrombin time, and elevated serum α-fetoprotein levels. The nomogram exhibited high accuracy in predicting ALF risk with a C-index of 0.91 (0.87-0.95). The Delong test showed a significant difference between the nomogram and the other three models (p<0.05). The calibration curve for the nomogram fit well, and the decision curve analysis revealed superior net benefit. The optimal cut-off point for the nomogram was determined to be 40, yielding sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of 83.10%, 87.20%, 65.90% and 94.60%, respectively. Conclusion: The nomogram we developed provides an optimized tool for predicting ALF in SRHCC patients. Its application can help determine individual patient's risk of ALF, enabling more rational and personalized treatment strategies.

Vacancy Augmented Piezo-Sonosensitizer for Cancer Therapy.

Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) has been widely reported as a noninvasive and high-penetration therapy for cancer; however, the design of an efficient sonosensitizer remains an urgent need. To address this issue, molybdenum disulfide nanoflowers (MoS2 NF) as piezo-sonosensitizers and introduced sulfur vacancies on the MoS2 NF (Sv-MoS2 NF) to improve their piezoelectric property for cancer therapy are designed. Under ultrasonic mechanical stress, the Sv-MoS2 NF resulted in piezoelectric polarization and band tilting, which enhanced the charge carrier separation and migration. This resulted in an improved catalytic reaction for reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, ultimately enhancing the SDT performance. Thanks to the high efficiency of ROS generation, the Sv-MoS2 NF have demonstrated a good anticancer effect in vitro and in vivo. Following a systematic evaluation, Sv-MoS2 NF also demonstrated good biocompatibility. This novel piezo-sonosensitizer and vacancy engineering strategy provides a promising new approach for achieving efficient SDT.

Biomimetic Nanobomb for Synergistic Therapy with Inhibition of Cancer Stem Cells.

Cancer stem cells (CSCs), a type of cell with self-renewal, unlimited proliferation, and insensitivity to common physical and chemical factors, are the key to cancer metastasis, recurrence, and chemo-resistance. Available CSCs inhibition strategies are mainly based on small molecule drugs, yet are limited by their off-target toxicity. The link between CSCs and non-CSCs interconversion is difficult to sever. In this work, a nanotherapeutic strategy based on MnOx -loaded polydopamine (MnOx /PDA) nanobombs with chemodynamic, photodynamic, photothermal and biodegradation properties to inhibit CSCs and non-CSCs concurrently is reported. The MnOx /PDA nanobombs can directly disrupt the microenvironment and tumorigenic capacity of CSCs by generating hyperthermia, oxidative stress and alleviating hypoxia. The markers of CSCs are subsequently downregulated, leading to the clearance of CSCs. Meanwhile, the synergistic therapy mediated by MnOx /PDA nanobombs can directly ablate the bulk tumor cells, thus cutting off the supply of CSCs transformation. For tumor targeting, MnOx /PDA is coated with macrophage membrane. The final tumor inhibition rate of the synergistic therapy is 70.8% in colorectal cancer (CRC) model. Taken together, the present work may open up the exploration of nanomaterial-based synergistic therapy for the simultaneous elimination of therapeutically resistant CSCs and non-CSCs.

Butyrate Attenuates Hepatic Steatosis Induced by a High-Fat and Fiber-Deficient Diet via the Hepatic GPR41/43-CaMKII/HDAC1-CREB Pathway.

SCOPE: Hepatic steatosis is a major health issue that can be attenuated by a healthy diet. This study investigates the effects and molecular mechanisms of butyrate, a dietary fiber metabolite of gut microbiota, on lipid metabolism in hepatocytes. METHODS AND RESULTS: This study examines the effects of butyrate (0-8 mM) on lipid metabolism in primary hepatocytes. The results show that butyrate (2 mM) consistently inhibits lipogenic genes and activates lipid oxidation-related gene expression in hepatocytes. Furthermore, butyrate modulates lipid metabolism genes, reduces fat droplet accumulation, and activates the calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII)/histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1)-cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein (CREB) signaling pathway in the primary hepatocytes and liver of wild-type (WT) mice, but not in G-protein-coupled receptor 41 (GPR41) knockout and 43 (GPR43) knockout mice. This suggests that butyrate regulated hepatic lipid metabolism requires GPR41 and GPR43. Finally, the study finds that dietary butyrate supplementation (5%) ameliorates hepatic steatosis and abnormal lipid metabolism in the liver of mice fed a high-fat and fiber-deficient diet for 15 weeks. CONCLUSION: This work reveals that butyrate improves hepatic lipid metabolism through the GPR41/43-CaMKII/HDAC1-CREB pathway, providing support for consideration of butyrate as a dietary supplement to prevent the progression of NAFLD induced by the Western-style diet.

Ectopic bronchogenic cyst of liver misdiagnosed as gallbladder diverticulum: A case report.

BACKGROUND: Ectopic bronchogenic cysts are a type of congenital cystic tumor that are extremely difficult to diagnose and can be ectopically located in various organs, with the possibility of malignant transformation. Here we report a case of an ectopic bronchogenic cyst in the liver initially misdiagnosed as a gallbladder diverticulum. CASE SUMMARY: The patient was a middle-aged woman whose chief complaint was intermittent pain in the upper abdomen. Imaging examination revealed a cystic space in the left inner lobe of the liver. She was admitted to our hospital for treatment. Based on abdominal examination and imaging findings, the initial diagnosis was gallbladder diverticulum with cholestasis combined with chronic cholecystitis. However, following intraoperative observations and postoperative pathologic assessment, the diagnosis was revised to ectopic bronchogenic cyst of the liver. CONCLUSION: Radiologists, hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgeons, gastrointestinal surgeons, urologists, and even neurosurgeons should be aware and consider a possible diagnosis of ectopic bronchogenic cysts, especially when other types of cyst, cystadenoma, and other diseases are excluded. The disease and its complications should be detected and correctly diagnosed and treated as early as possible in order to avoid adverse outcomes.

Diagnosis and minimally invasive treatment of type III choledochal cysts.

BACKGROUND: Type III choledochal cysts (CCs) are the rarest and least well-characterized of the five variants of biliary cysts. Only a few relevant studies have been conducted and a gold standard treatment for type III CCs is still lacking because of their scarcity. An unusual case of type III CC with choledochocele at the end of the distal common bile duct (CBD) with no bulging of the duodenum is presented here. CASE PRESENTATION: A 61-year-old woman presented to our department with repeated upper abdominal pain for one year. Laboratory examination revealed abnormal liver function and a slight increase in the white blood cell (WBC) count and proportion of neutrophils. In an MRCP of the patient, the distal CBD was found to have a cystic structure indicative of a type III CC. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatograpy (ERCP) revealed cystic findings compatible with Todani type III CCs. However, duodenoscopy did not show a bulge in the duodenum so laparoscopic cholecystectomy and Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy were performed. In her 6-month follow-up, the patient reported that recovery from the operation was uneventful. CONCLUSIONS: ERCP has become the gold standard for diagnosing type III CCs. Type III CCs can be treated minimally invasively with laparoscopic cholecystectomy and Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy.

Edaravone ameliorates depressive and anxiety-like behaviors via Sirt1/Nrf2/HO-1/Gpx4 pathway.

BACKGROUND: The inflammation and oxidative stress (OS) have been considered crucial components of the pathogenesis of depression. Edaravone (EDA), a free radical scavenger, processes strong biological activities including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties. However, its role and potential molecular mechanisms in depression remain unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the antidepressant activity of EDA and its underlying mechanisms. METHODS: A chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) depression model was performed to explore whether EDA could produce antidepressant effects. Behaviors tests were carried out to examine depressive, anxiety-like and cognitive behaviors including social interaction (SI) test, sucrose preference test (SPT), open field test (OFT), elevated plus maze (EPM), novel object recognition (NOR), tail suspension test (TST) and forced swim test (FST). Hippocampal and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) tissues were collected for Nissl staining, immunofluorescence, targeted energy metabolomics analysis, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), measurement of MDA, SOD, GSH, GSH-PX, T-AOC and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Western blotting (WB) and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) detected the Sirt1/Nrf2/HO-1/Gpx4 signaling pathway. EX527, a Sirt1 inhibitor and ML385, a Nrf2 inhibitor were injected intraperitoneally 30 min before EDA injection daily. Knockdown experiments were performed to determine the effects of Gpx4 on CSDS mice with EDA treatment by an adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector containing miRNAi (Gpx4)-EGFP infusion. RESULTS: The administrated of EDA dramatically ameliorated CSDS-induced depressive and anxiety-like behaviors. In addition, EDA notably attenuated neuronal loss, microglial activation, astrocyte dysfunction, oxidative stress damage, energy metabolism and pro-inflammatory cytokines activation in the hippocampus (Hip) and mPFC of CSDS-induced mice. Further examination indicated that the application of EDA after the CSDS model significantly increased the protein expressions of Sirt1, Nrf2, HO-1 and Gpx4 in the Hip. EX527 abolished the antidepressant effect of EDA as well as the protein levels of Nrf2, HO-1 and Gpx4. Similarly, ML385 reversed the antidepressant and anxiolytic effects of EDA via decreased expressions of HO-1 and Gpx4. In addition, Gpx4 knockdown in CSDS mice abolished EDA-generated efficacy on depressive and anxiety-like behaviors. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that EDA possesses potent antidepressant and anxiolytic properties through Sirt1/Nrf2/HO-1/Gpx4 axis and Gpx4-mediated ferroptosis may play a key role in this effect.

Bioactive Metal-Organic Frameworks with Specific Metal-Nitrogen (M-N) Active Sites for Efficient Sonodynamic Tumor Therapy.

Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) offers an efficient noninvasive strategy for cancer treatment. However, the efficiency of SDT is limited by the structural and physicochemical properties of ultrasound (US)-sensitive agents. Here, we discover the combination of bioactivity and sonodynamic properties of zeolite imidazolium framework-8 nanocrystals (ZIF-8 NCs) for efficient tumor therapy. ZIF-8 NCs are susceptible to biodegradation to release zinc ions (Zn2+) triggered by the weakly acidic tumor microenvironment, demonstrating the bioactivity to induce apoptosis in cancer cells. Density functional theory calculations combined with experiments revealed that the unsaturated zinc-nitrogen (Zn-N) active sites on the surface of ZIF-8 NCs allow an enhanced electron transfer via ligand to metal charge transfer bands from the highest occupied molecular orbitals to the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals. This process is critical for the generation of reactive oxygen species by metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) under US irradiation. In vivo experiments show that ZIF-8 NCs exhibit high tumor inhibition efficiency (84.6%) as both a bioactive anticancer agent and a sonosensitizer. We believe that this study can expand the application of MOFs and contribute to a better understanding of the mechanism of action of sonosensitizers.

A Photoresponsive Nanozyme for Synergistic Catalytic Therapy and Dual Phototherapy.

Dual phototherapy, including photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT), has shown a great prospect in cancer treatment. However, its therapeutic effect is restricted by the depth of light penetration in tissue and tumor hypoxia environment. Herein, inspired by the specific response of nanozymes to the tumor microenvironment (TME), a simple and versatile nanozyme-mediated synergistic dual phototherapy nanoplatform (denoted as FePc/HNCSs) is constructed using hollow nitrogen-doped carbon nanospheres (HNCSs) and iron phthalocyanine (FePc). FePc/HNCSs simultaneously exhibit peroxidase (POD)- and catalase (CAT)-like activities, which not only can convert endogenous hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) into highly toxic hydroxyl radicals (•OH) for catalytic therapy, but also decompose H2 O2 to oxygen (O2 ) to enhance O2 -dependent PDT. In addition, their enzyme-like activities are significantly enhanced under light irradiation. Combining with the excellent photothermal effect, FePc/HNCSs realize a high tumor inhibition rate of 96.3%. This strategy opens a new horizon for exploring a more powerful tumor treatment nanoplatform.

Manganese carbonate nanoparticles-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction for enhanced sonodynamic therapy.

Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) has attracted widespread attention due to its non-invasiveness and deep tissue penetration. However, the development of efficient sonodynamic nanoplatforms to improve the therapeutic efficiency is still one of the main challenges of current research. In this work, a new type of sonosensitizer prepared by a simple method, manganese carbonate nanoparticles (MnCO3 NPs), is used for enhanced SDT. MnCO3 NPs could generate large amounts of 1O2 and •OH under ultrasound irradiation. At the same time, CO2 and Mn ions could be released in a weak acid environment due to the excellent degradability of MnCO3 NPs. The CO2 bubbles caused cell necrosis by ultrasonic cavitation and used for ultrasound imaging. And Mn ions activated the mitochondrial cell apoptosis pathway. In vivo experiments proved that this sonosensitizer with mitochondrial regulatory capacity showed high tumor inhibition rates for enhanced sonodynamic tumor therapy.

NIR light-triggered nanomaterials-based prodrug activation towards cancer therapy.

Nanomaterials-based prodrug activation systems have been widely explored in cancer therapy, aiming at overcoming limited dosage formulation, systemic toxicity, and insufficient pharmacokinetic performance of parent drugs. For better delivery control, various stimuli systems, especially nanomaterials-based ones, have come to the forefront. Among them, near-infrared (NIR) light takes advantage of on-demand/site-specific regulation and non-invasiveness. In this review, we will address the developments of nanomaterials-based prodrug over the last decade, the activation mechanisms, and bioapplications under NIR light triggering. The advantages and limitations of NIR-triggered prodrug activation strategies and the perspectives of the next-generation prodrug nanomedicine will also be summarized. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies.

Biodegradable Nanocomposite with Dual Cell-Tissue Penetration for Deep Tumor Chemo-Phototherapy.

Chemo-phototherapy, as a promising cancer combination therapy strategy, has attracted widespread attention. However, the complex tumor microenvironment restricts the penetration depth of chemo-phototherapy agents in the tumor region. Here, biodegradable amphiphilic gelatin (AG) wrapped nanocomposite (PRDCuS@AG) composed of doxorubicin and copper sulfide (CuS)-loaded dendrimer is designed for deep tumor chemo-phototherapy. PR in PRDCuS@AG represents arginine-conjugated polyamidoamine dendrimer. PRDCuS@AG can rapidly biodegrade into PRDCuS by matrix metalloproteinases under near-infrared light irradiation. The resulted PRDCuS harbors dual cell-tissue penetration ability, which can effectively penetrate deep into the tumor tissue. In particular, PRDCuS@AG achieves photoacoustic imaging-guided synergistic chemo-phototherapy with 97% of tumor inhibition rate. Moreover, PRDCuS@AG can further degrade into 3 nm ultrasmall CuS, which can be eliminated from the body after treatment to avoid side effects. This strategy provides an insight that the development of chemo-phototherapy agents with high penetration ability to overcome the limitation of current deep tumor therapy.

Spontaneous cerebellar hemorrhage with severe brainstem dysfunction through minimally invasive puncture treatment by locating the simple bedside.

This study aims to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of minimally invasive puncture treatment by positioning the simple bedside for spontaneous cerebellar hemorrhage.From January 2017 to March 2018, the investigators applied simple bedside positioning to perform the intracranial hematoma minimally invasive surgery for 21 patients with cerebellar hemorrhage.For these 21 patients, the bleeding amount and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score before the operation were 18.5 ±â€Š5.0 cc and 9.5 ±â€Š3.3, respectively; 24 hours after the operation, the GCS score was 11.0 ±â€Š4.6. Five patients died within 7 days of the operation and the head computed tomography (CT) was re-examined. It was found that the average bleeding amount was 3.4 ±â€Š0.9 cc, the operation success rate was 76.2%, and the accurate puncture rate was 100%. Six months later, the Modified Rankin Scale (MRS) score was 2.5 ±â€Š2.0. The postoperative recovery was good. The situation shows that patients with favorable outcomes (MRS score 0-2) accounted for 38.1% (8/21), and the fatality rate was 33.3% (7/21).The efficacy of the intracranial hematoma minimally invasive surgery by positioning the simple bedside for spontaneous cerebellar hemorrhage with severe brainstem dysfunction is good.

Rosmarinic Acid, the Main Effective Constituent of Orthosiphon stamineus, Inhibits Intestinal Epithelial Apoptosis Via Regulation of the Nrf2 Pathway in Mice.

Many studies have shown that Orthosiphon stamineus extract (OE) has antioxidant activity, and we previously reported that OE protects the intestine against injury from a high-fat diet. However, the molecular mechanism underlying this protective effect of OE was unclear. Here, OE was separated according to polarity and molecular weight, and the antioxidant activity of each component was compared. The components with the highest antioxidant activity were analyzed by HPLC, which confirmed that rosmarinic acid (RA) was the main effective constituent in OE. OE and RA were then tested in a mouse high-fat diet-induced intestinal injury model. The antioxidant indices and morphological characteristics of the mouse jejunum were measured, and activation of the nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway and apoptosis of jejunal epithelial cells were analyzed. Of all the constituents in OE, RA contributed the most. Both RA and OE activated the Nrf2 pathway and increased downstream antioxidant enzyme activity. RA and OE protected the mouse intestine against high-fat diet-induced oxidative stress by preventing intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis via both extracellular and intracellular pathways. Thus, RA, the main effective constituent in OE, inhibits intestinal epithelial apoptosis by regulating the Nrf2 pathway in mice.

A Nanozyme with Photo-Enhanced Dual Enzyme-Like Activities for Deep Pancreatic Cancer Therapy.

Nanozymes have attracted extensive interest owing to their high stability, low cost and easy preparation, especially in the field of cancer therapy. However, the relatively low catalytic activity of nanozymes in the tumor microenvironment (TME) has limited their applications. Herein, we report a novel nanozyme (PtFe@Fe3 O4 ) with dual enzyme-like activities for highly efficient tumor catalytic therapy. PtFe@Fe3 O4 shows the intrinsic photothermal effect as well as photo-enhanced peroxidase-like and catalase-like activities in the acidic TME, thereby effectively killing tumor cells and overcoming the tumor hypoxia. Importantly, a possible photo-enhanced synergistic catalytic mechanism of PtFe@Fe3 O4 was first disclosed. We believe that this work will advance the development of nanozymes in tumor catalytic therapy.

Interventional Photothermal Therapy Enhanced Brachytherapy: A New Strategy to Fight Deep Pancreatic Cancer.

Photothermal-radiotherapy (PT-RT) is an effective strategy for relieving hypoxia-related radiotherapy resistance and inducing tumor-specific cell apoptosis/necrosis. Nevertheless, limited tissue penetration of near-infrared (NIR) laser and the serious side effects of high-dose radiation severely hinder its applications for deep tumors. An interventional photothermal-brachytherapy (IPT-BT) technology is proposed here for the internal site-specific treatment of deep tumors. This technology utilizes a kind of biodegradable honeycomb-like gold nanoparticles (HGNs) acting as both internal photothermal agents and radiosensitizers. A high tumor inhibition rate of 96.6% is achieved in SW1990 orthotopic pancreatic tumor-bearing mice by HGNs-mediated IPT-BT synergistic therapy. Interestingly, this approach effectively causes double-stranded DNA damage and improves the oxygen supply and the penetration of nanoparticles inside the tumor. Therefore, it is believed that this strategy may open up a new avenue for PT-RT synergistic therapy of deep malignant tumors and has a significant impact on the future clinical translation.

Metal-Organic-Framework-Derived Carbon Nanostructure Augmented Sonodynamic Cancer Therapy.

Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) can overcome the critical issue of depth-penetration barrier of photo-triggered therapeutic modalities. However, the discovery of sonosensitizers with high sonosensitization efficacy and good stability is still a significant challenge. In this study, the great potential of a metal-organic-framework (MOF)-derived carbon nanostructure that contains porphyrin-like metal centers (PMCS) to act as an excellent sonosensitizer is identified. Excitingly, the superior sonosensitization effect of PMCS is believed to be closely linked to the porphyrin-like macrocycle in MOF-derived nanostructure in comparison to amorphous carbon nanospheres, due to their large highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO)-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) gap for high reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. The nanoparticle-assisted cavitation process, including the visualized formation of the cavitation bubbles and microjets, is also first captured by high-speed camera. High ROS production in PMCS under ultrasound is validated by electron spin resonance and dye measurement, followed by cellular destruction and high tumor inhibition efficiency (85%). This knowledge is important from the perspective of understanding the structure-dependent SDT enhancement of a MOF-derived carbon nanostructure.