Does postcholecystectomy increase the risk of colorectal cancer?

With the increasing number of cholecystectomy and the high proportion of colorectal cancer in malignant tumors, the question of whether cholecystectomy is a risk factor for colorectal disease has been widely concerned. After reviewing the literature at home and abroad, the authors will summarize the research progress of the correlation between the occurrence of colorectal tumors after cholecystectomy, in order to provide help for the prevention and treatment of colorectal tumors.

Fermented Dairy Food Intake and Risk of Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

It was highly controversial whether fermented dairy foods protect against colorectal cancer (CRC) because of conflicting results from current human epidemiologic studies; we therefore conducted this meta-analysis based on the case-control and cohort studies to estimate the holistic analyses. Finally, a total of seven case-control studies and ten cohort studies comprising a total of >20,000 cases were incorporated in the quantitative synthesis. Specifically, statistical evidence of significantly decreasing CRC risk in case-control studies was found to be associated with cheese intake (OR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.82-0.97). In a subgroup analysis, cheese intake was correlated with lower colon cancer (OR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.79-1.00) and rectal cancer (OR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.74-1.00) risk in case-control studies. Furthermore, we also found that the higher intake of yogurt may lower the risk of rectal cancer (OR = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.65-0.88) in cohort studies. The consumption of fermented dairy foods may be relevant to decrease CRC risk in this meta-analysis. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021269798, CRD42021269798.

Developmental validation of the MGIEasy Signature Identification Library Prep Kit, an all-in-one multiplex system for forensic applications.

Analyzing genetic markers in nuclear and mitochondrial genomes is helpful in various forensic applications, such as individual identifications and kinship analyses. However, most commercial kits detect these markers separately, which is time-consuming, laborious, and more error-prone (mislabelling, contamination, ...). The MGIEasy Signature Identification Library Prep Kit (hereinafter "MGIEasy identification system"; MGI Tech, Shenzhen, China) has been designed to provide a simple, fast, and robust way to detect appropriate markers in one multiplex PCR reaction: 52 autosomal STRs, 27 X-chromosomal STRs, 48 Y-chromosomal STRs, 145 identity-informative SNPs, 53 ancestry-informative SNPs, 29 phenotype-informative SNPs, and the hypervariable regions of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Here, we validated the performance of MGIEasy identification system following the guidelines of the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), assessing species specificity, sensitivity, mixture identification, stability under non-optimal conditions (degraded samples, inhibitor contamination, and various substrates), repeatability, and concordance. Libraries prepared using MGIEasy identification system were sequenced on a MGISEQ-2000 instrument (MGI Tech). MGIEasy-derived STR, SNP, and mtDNA genotypes were highly concordant with CE-based STR genotypes (99.79%), MiSeq FGx-based SNP genotypes (99.78%), and Sanger-based mtDNA genotypes (100%), respectively. This system was strongly human-specific, resistant to four common PCR inhibitors, and reliably amplified both low quantities of DNA (as low as 0.125 ng) and degraded DNA (~ 150 nt). Most of the unique alleles from the minor contributor were detected in 1:10 male-female and male-male mixtures; some minor Y-STR alleles were even detected in 1:1000 male-female mixtures. MGIEasy also successfully directly amplified markers from blood stains on FTA cards, filter papers, and swabs. Thus, our results demonstrated that MGIEasy identification system was suitable for use in forensic analyses due to its robust and reliable performance on samples of varying quality and quantity.

Isorhamnetin, the active constituent of a Chinese herb Hippophae rhamnoides L, is a potent suppressor of dendritic-cell maturation and trafficking.

Dendritic cells (DCs) have been recognized as major targets of immunosuppressive therapies for their significant roles in connecting innate and adaptive immunity. Isorhamnetin (Iso), one of the most common flavonoid compounds extracted from the Chinese herb Hippophae rhamnoides L, has been proved to have anti-inflammatory, anticarcinogenic, and antioxidant activities in many chronic inflammatory conditions, but the effects of Iso on DCs have rarely been reported before. Here we investigated the functions and the mechanisms of Iso on bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs) including maturation, phagocytosis, and trafficking. Our data showed that Iso effectively inhibited the maturation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated BMDCs by down regulation of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1ß and IL-12p70, up regulation of IL-10, and depression of costimulatory molecules CD40, CD80, and CD86, while had no effects on phagocytosis. Furthermore, Iso inhibited the migration of LPS-treated BMDCs, which may be due to its inhibition on chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7) expression. These findings strongly suggest that Iso is a potent immunosuppressive agent by inhibiting DC activation and trafficking, and may be used to prevent or treat chronic inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and graft rejections.