Structural and functional analysis of Cyanovirin-N homologs: Carbohydrate binding affinities and antiviral potential of cyanobacterial peptides.

Cyanobacteria, a group of photosynthetic prokaryotes, can sinthesize several substances due to their secondary metabolism, with notable properties, such as Cyanovirin-N(CVN), a carbohydrate-binding lectin, that exhibits antiviral activity against several pathogens, due to its ability to bind viral surface carbohydrates such as mannose, thus interfering with the viral entry on the cell. CVN has been described in several cyanobacterial strains and shows biotechnological potential for the development of drugs of pharmaceutical interest. This study focuses on the genomic exploration and characterization of Cyanovirin-N homologs to assess the conservation of carbohydrate-binding affinity within the group. The analysis of their antiviral properties was carried out using bioinformatics tools to study protein models through an in silico pipeline, following the steps of genomic prospection on public databases, homology modeling, docking, molecular dynamics and energetic analysis. Mannose served as the reference ligand, and the lectins' binding affinity with mannose was assessed across Cyanovirin-N homologs. Genomic mining identified 33 cyanobacterial lectin sequences, which underwent structural and functional characterization. The results obtained from this work indicate strong carbohydrate affinity on several homologs, pointing to the conservation of antiviral properties alongside the group. However, this affinity was not uniformly distributed among sequences, exhibiting significant heterogeneity in binding site residues, suggesting potential multi-ligand binding capabilities on the Cyanovirin-N homologs group. Studies focused on the properties involved in these molecules and the investigation of the genetic diversity of Cyanovirin-N homologs could provide valuable insights into the discovery of new drug candidates, harvesting the potential of bioinformatics for large-scale functional and structural analysis.

Talonavicular joint arthroscopic portals: A cadaveric study of feasibility and safety.

BACKGROUND: The objectives of the study were to evaluate the safety of hypothetical arthroscopic portals from talonavicular joint and to evaluate their reproducibility and enforceability. METHODS: 19 cadaveric feet were marked and four arthroscopic portals were made (medial, dorsomedial, dorsolateral and lateral). The specimens were dissected in layers and the distances between neurovascular structures and the trocars were measured. RESULTS: Medial and dorsomedial portals were in average 8.3 and 8.7, respectively, to the saphenous vein and nerve. Dorsolateral portal was in average 8.1mm to the deep peroneal nerve and dorsalis pedis artery, and 9.1mm to the medial dorsal cutaneous branch of the superficial peroneal nerve. Lateral portal was in average 12.3mm to the intermediate dorsal cutaneous branch of the superficial peroneal nerve. CONCLUSION: Tested portals shown to have a good safety margin for the foot neurovascular deep dorsal structures and an acceptable safety margin for the superficial neurovascular structures.

Dysphagia due to anterior cervical osteophytosis: case report / Disfagia por osteofitose cervical anterior: relato de caso clínico / Disfagia por osteofitosis cervical anterior: relato de caso clínico

The objective of this study is to highlight the possibility of dysphagia induced by anterior cervical osteophytes. When not diagnosed early this condition may be responsible for complications such as severe dysphagia and potential lung aspiration, especially in elderly patients. Analysis of a case report of a 72-year old woman who presented cervical pain and progressive dysphagia. Imaging studies have shown anterior cervical osteophytosis and multilevel degenerative changes in the cervical spine. The patient underwent surgical excision of the cervical anterior osteophytes (C4, C5 and C6) and C5/C6 arthrodesis through anterior approach. The postoperative period was uneventful and symptoms resolved within 2 weeks. Early diagnosis and treatment led to complete resolution, avoiding late and serious complications associated with this pathology in the geriatric population, especially severe and progressive dysphagia and risk of pulmonary aspiration, and the consequent morbidity and mortality associated. A multidisciplinary approach is essential for the correct assessment of this condition.

O objetivo do trabalho é salientar a possibilidade de disfagia induzida por osteofitose cervical anterior. Quando não diagnosticada precocemente essa afecção pode ser responsável por complicações como disfagia grave e aspiração pulmonar, sobretudo nos doentes idosos. Análise de caso clínico de doente do sexo feminino com 72 anos de idade que apresentava dor cervical e disfagia progressiva. Foram realizados exames de imagem que revelaram osteofitose cervical anterior e alterações degenerativas em diversos níveis. A paciente foi submetida à excisão cirúrgica dos osteófitos cervicais anteriores (C4, C5 e C6) e à artrodese de C5-C6 por acesso cervical anterior. O período pós-operatório decorreu sem complicações com remissão dos sintomas em duas semanas. O diagnóstico e tratamento precoces permitiram a resolução completa, evitando as complicações tardias e graves associadas a essa patologia na população geriátrica, sobretudo disfagia grave e progressiva e risco de aspiração pulmonar, com a consequente morbimortalidade a elas associada. A abordagem multidisciplinar é fundamental para a avaliação correta desse quadro.

El objetivo de este trabajo es salientar la posibilidad de disfagia inducida por osteofitosis cervical anterior. Cuando no es diagnosticada precozmente esta afección puede ser responsable por complicaciones como disfagia grave y aspiración pulmonar, sobre todo en los enfermos ancianos. Análisis de caso clínico de enfermo del sexo femenino con 72 años de edad que presentaba dolor cervical y disfagia progresiva. Fueron realizados exámenes de imagen que revelaron osteofitosis cervical anterior y alteraciones degenerativas en diversos niveles. La paciente fue sometida a escisión quirúrgica de los osteófitos cervicales anteriores (C4, C5 e C6) y a la artrodesis de C5-C6 por acceso cervical anterior. El período postoperatorio transcurrió sin complicaciones con remisión de los síntomas en dos semanas. El diagnóstico y tratamiento precoces permitieron la resolución completa, evitando las complicaciones tardías y graves asociadas a esa patología en la población geriátrica, sobre todo disfagia grave y progresiva y riesgo de aspiración pulmonar, con la consiguiente morbimortalidad a ellas asociada. El abordaje multidisciplinario es fundamental para la evaluación correcta de ese cuadro.