Hyaluronic Acid-Modified Spherical MgO2/Pd Nanocomposites Exhibit Superior Antitumor Effect through Tumor Microenvironment-Responsive Ferroptosis Induction and Photothermal Therapy.

Metal peroxide nanomaterials as efficient hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) self-supplying agents have attracted the attention of researchers for antitumor treatment. However, relying solely on metal peroxides to provide H2O2 is undoubtedly insufficient to achieve optimal antitumor effects. Herein, we construct novel hyaluronic acid (HA)-modified nanocomposites (MgO2/Pd@HA NCs) formed by decorating palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs) onto the surfaces of a magnesium peroxide (MgO2) nanoflower as a highly effective nanoplatform for the tumor microenvironment (TME)-responsive induction of ferroptosis in tumor cells and tumor photothermal therapy (PTT). MgO2/Pd@HA NC could be well endocytosed into tumor cells with CD44 expression depending on the specific recognition of HA with CD44, and then, the nanocomposites can be rapidly decomposed in mild acid and hyaluronidase overexpressed TME, and plenty of H2O2 was released. Simultaneously, Pd NPs catalyze self-supplied H2O2 to generate abundant hydroxyl radicals (•OH) and catalyze glutathione (GSH) into glutathione disulfide owing to its peroxidase and glutathione oxidase mimic enzyme activities, while the abundant •OH could also consume GSH in tumor cells and disturb the defense pathways of ferroptosis leading to the accumulation of lipid peroxidation and resulting in the occurrence of ferroptosis. Additionally, the superior photothermal conversion performance of Pd NPs in near-infrared II could also be used for PTT, synergistically cooperating with nanocomposite-induced ferroptosis for tumor inhibition. Consequently, the successfully prepared TME-responsive MgO2/Pd@HA NCs exhibited marked antitumor effect without obvious biotoxicity, contributing to thoroughly explore the nanocomposites as a novel and promising treatment for tumor therapy.

Temporal progression of functional independence after mechanical thrombectomy in acute vertebrobasilar artery occlusions.

BACKGROUND: Neurological recovery after endovascular treatment (EVT) for large vessel occlusion stroke often has diverse timelines. Understanding the temporal progression of functional independence after EVT, especially delayed functional independence (DFI) and highly delayed functional independence (HDFI), in patients who do not improve early is essential for prognostication and rehabilitation. We aimed to analyze the prevalence and predictors of DFI and HDFI after EVT in acute vertebrobasilar artery occlusions (VBAO). METHODS: Patients with VBAO who received EVT in China were retrospectively enrolled. Early functional independence (EFI) was defined as a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 0-2 at discharge. The incidence and predictors of DFI (mRS score 0-2 at 90 days in non-EFI patients) and HDFI (mRS score 0-2 at 1 year in non-DFI patients) were analyzed. RESULTS: 2422 patients met the study criteria. EFI was observed in 20% (483) of patients. Among non-EFI patients, DFI was observed in 21% (395/1880). HDFI was observed in 13% (191/1439) of non-DFI patients. Younger age (P=0.006), lower pre-EVT National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score (P<0.001), higher posterior circulation-Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (PC-ASPECTS) (P=0.012), and absence of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) (P<0.001) were predictors of DFI. Predictors of HDFI were younger age (P<0.001) and lower pre-EVT NIHSS score (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: A considerable proportion of patients have DFI and HDFI. The independent predictors of DFI were younger age, lower pre-EVT NIHSS score, higher PC-ASPECTS, and absence of sICH. Predictors of HDFI included younger age and lower pre-EVT NIHSS score.

Effects of admission systemic inflammatory indicators on clinical outcomes in patients with vertebrobasilar artery occlusion: insight from the PERSIST registry.

BACKGROUND: Few studies have focused on the effect of systemic inflammation in vertebrobasilar artery occlusion (VBAO). The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between inflammatory indicators and the prognosis of VBAO patients receiving endovascular treatment (EVT). METHOD: Patients with VBAO who were treated with EVT within 24 hours of the estimated occlusion time were included in this study. Multivariate logistic regression and elastic net regularization were performed to analyze the effects of inflammatory indicators on the prognosis of patients with VBAO. The primary outcome was unfavorable outcome (a modified Rankin Scale score of 4-6) at 90 days. Secondary outcomes included symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage, in-hospital mortality, 90 day mortality, 1 year unfavorable outcome, and mortality. RESULTS: 560 patients were included in the study. Multivariate analysis showed that white blood cells (W), neutrophils (N), neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet to neutrophil ratio, platelet to white blood cell ratio, and NLR to platelet ratio were associated with the primary outcome. Elastic net regularization indicated that W, N, and NLR were the major inflammatory predictors of unfavorable outcome at 90 days. For long term prognosis, we found that the inflammatory indicators that predicted 1 year outcomes were consistent with those that predicted 90 day outcomes. CONCLUSION: Inflammatory indicators, especially W, N, and NLR, were associated with moderate and long term prognosis of patients with VBAO treated with EVT.

Donor with HLA-C2 is associated with acute rejection following liver transplantation in Southern Chinese.

Apart from presenting peptides to T cells, class I HLA molecules serve as ligands for killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIRs) and regulate the response of natural killer (NK) cells. The role played by HLA and KIR in the acute rejection (AR) following liver transplantation has been controversial. In this retrospective study, we assessed the influence of class I HLA alleles, HLA matching between donor-recipient pairs, recipient KIR and donor HLA ligands on AR following liver transplantation in southern Chinese. In total, 143 recipients and 78 donors obtained from a single transplant center were included in the study cohort. Thirty-three recipients with histologically confirmed AR were observed. We found that the incidence of AR did not correlate with donor or recipient class I HLA alleles and HLA matching. Neither recipient KIR gene nor the KIR genotype was associated with AR, moreover, high-resolution genotyping of 14 functional KIR genes of recipients showed that no KIR allele was independently associated with AR. However, the frequency of HLA-C2+ donor significantly increased in AR group compared with NAR group (52.9% vs. 24.6%, p = 0.03). In the presence of HLA-C2 by the donor allograft, AR was more frequently observed in recipients with normal expressed KIR2DS4 (43.8% vs. 15.0%, p = 0.03). Donor with HLA-C2 is therefore a major determinant of AR, which can confer risk effect in liver transplantation. Our findings can provide valuable clues for better understanding pathogenesis of AR and have important clinical implications in liver transplantation for Chinese.

Influence of renal impairment on clinical outcomes after endovascular recanalization in vertebrobasilar artery occlusions.

BACKGROUND: Renal impairment (RI) is associated with worse outcomes in the treatment of intravenous thrombolysis and emergent endovascular treatment (EVT) in anterior circulation stroke. The objective of this study was to investigate the association of RI with short-term and long-term outcomes in patients with vertebrobasilar artery occlusions (VBAO) who received EVT. METHODS: Consecutive patients with VBAO receiving EVT involving 21 stroke centers were retrospectively included. Multivariate regression analyses were used to evaluate the association of RI with mortality and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) during the hospital stay, and also mortality, favorable functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 0-3), and functional improvement (shift in mRS score) at 3 months and 1 year follow-up. The association between RI and the risk of recurrent stroke was evaluated with multivariate competing-risk regression analyses. RESULTS: After adjustment for potential confounders, RI was independently associated with sICH (OR 3.30, 95% CI 1.55 to 7.18), as well as mortality (OR 2.54, 95% CI 1.47 to 4.38; OR 3.07, 95% CI 1.72 to 8.08), favorable functional outcome (OR 0.33, 95% CI 0.17 to 0.66; OR 0.25, 95% CI 0.12 to 0.51), and functional improvement (OR 0.45, 95% CI 0.28 to 0.74; OR 0.35, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.60) at 3 months and 1 year follow-up, respectively, but RI was not associated with in-hospital mortality. Additionally, there was no significant association between RI and recurrent stroke within 1 year. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that RI is associated with a higher risk of sICH in hospital and a decrease in survival, favorable functional outcome, and functional improvement at 90 days and 1 year follow-up. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: URL: http://www.chictr.org.cn/; Unique identifier: ChiCTR2000033211.

CD99 mediates neutrophil transmigration through the bEnd.3 monolayer via the induction of oxygen-glucose deprivation.

AIM/BACKGROUND: CD99 participate in neutrophil infiltration after inflammatory events; however, despite the important role of inflammation in ischemic stroke, the role of CD99 in ischemic stroke remains unclear. METHOD: In the present study, we detected the protein expression of CD99, ICAM-1, and CD31 (PECAM-1) in oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced bEnd.3 cells and neutrophils and explored the influence of HIF-1α and IL-1ß on their expression. We also explored the role of CD99 in the OGD-induced transmigration of neutrophils. RESULTS: Our results showed that OGD induction upregulated CD99 in bEnd.3 cells and that this effect could be abolished by the preadministration of IL-1ß and was not mediated by HIF-1α. However, the activation of ICAM-1 by OGD remained activated with IL-1ß treatment. No significant influence of IL-1ß on OGD-induced CD31. Finally, we found a significant increase in infiltrated neutrophils after OGD induction compared with the control and OGD + anti-CD99 groups. CONCLUSION: Our results indicated that CD99 mediates neutrophil infiltration and transmigration via OGD induction and thus constitutes a potential therapeutic target for anti-inflammatory treatment after ischemic stroke.

Engineering Cellular Signal Sensors based on CRISPR-sgRNA Reconstruction Approaches.

The discovery of the CRISPR systems has enriched the application of gene therapy and biotechnology. As a type of robust and simple toolbox, the CRISPR system has greatly promoted the development of cellular signal sensors at the genomic level. Although CRISPR systems have demonstrated that they can be used in eukaryotic and even mammalian cells after extraction from prokaryotic cells, controlling their gene-editing activity remains a challenge. Here we summarize the advantages and disadvantages of building a CRIRPR-based signal sensor through sgRNA reconstruction, as well as possible ways to reprogram the signal network of cells. We also propose how to further improve the design of the current signal sensors based on sgRNA-riboswitch. We believe that the development of these technologies and the construction of platforms can further promote the development of environment detection, disease diagnosis, and gene therapy by means of synthetic biology.

The time-dependent effects of bipolar radiofrequency energy on bovine articular cartilage.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of bipolar radiofrequency energy (bRFE) on chondroplasty at the different time durations in an in vitro experiment that simulated an arthroscopic procedure. METHODS: Six fresh bovine knees were used in our study. Six squares were marked on both the medical and lateral femoral condyles of each femur. Each square was respectively treated with bRFE for 0 s, 10 s, 20 s, 30 s, 40 s and 50 s. Full-thickness articular cartilage specimens were harvested from the treatment areas. Each specimen was divided into three distinct parts: one for hematoxylin/eosin staining histology, another for cartilage surface contouring assessment via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the last one for glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content measurement. RESULTS: bRFE caused time-correlated damage to chondrocytes, and GAG content in the cartilage was negatively correlated to exposure time. bRFE caused time-correlated damage to chondrocytes. The GAG content in the cartilage negatively correlated with the exposure time. The sealing effect positively correlated with the exposure time. Additionally, it took at least 20 s of radiofrequency exposure to render a smooth cartilage surface and a score of 2 (normal) in the scoring system used. CONCLUSION: bRFE usage in chondroplasty could effectively trim and polish the cartilage lesion area; however, it induces a dose-dependent detrimental effect on chondrocytes and metabolic activity that negatively correlated with the treatment time. Therefore, cautions should be taken in the use of bRFE for treatment of articular cartilage injury.

Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio as a Predictor of Restenosis After Angioplasty and Stenting for Asymptomatic Carotid Stenosis.

The inflammatory response plays a vital role in the development of in-stent restenosis (ISR) after carotid angioplasty and stenting (CAS). The neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been suggested as a sensitive inflammatory marker. We explored the association between NLR and ISR in CAS patients. A total of 427 patients who underwent CAS were enrolled. Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio was measured before the procedure. Clinical examination and radiographic evaluation were performed at 6 months and annually after the procedure. In-stent restenosis was defined as ≥50% stenosis in the treated lesion. Cox regression was used to identify predictors of ISR after CAS. Of the 459 arteries (in 427 patients) with CAS, 72 (15.7%) were identified with ISR during a mean follow-up of 14.6 (19.1) months (range, 0.7-120.7 months). Increased NLR (≥2.13) was significantly related to ISR in patients with asymptomatic stenosis ( P = .001). However, significance was not observed in symptomatic stenosis. On multivariate analysis, baseline NLR ≥ 2.13 (hazard ratio [HR], 2.74; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.46-5.14), smoking (HR, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.11-3.58), residual stenosis (HR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.09-1.15), and baseline glucose level (HR, 1.01; 95% CI, 1.01-1.02) were associated with ISR. Elevated NLR may be a predictor of ISR after CAS for asymptomatic stenosis.

Effect of lactobacillus strains on phenolic profile, color attributes and antioxidant activities of lactic-acid-fermented mulberry juice.

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains on color properties, phenolic profile and antioxidant activities of mulberry juice. Mulberry juice was separately fermented at 37 °C for 36 h using Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus paracasei. The results showed that lactic acid fermentation impacted on the color of the juice. Moreover, the study demonstrated that LABs impacted on the phenolic profile of the juice. Syringic acid, cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside and quercetin were the predominant phenolic acid, anthocyanin and flavonol respectively in the lactic-acid-fermented mulberry juice. The degree of radical scavenging activity was species-specific with the L. plantarum fermented juice having the highest radical scavenging activities. The correlation analysis demonstrated that flavonols and anthocyanins were mostly responsible for the increased in 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) scavenging activity while phenolic acids and flavonols were responsible for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity and reducing power capacity of the fermented juice.

Elevated mean platelet volume is associated with poor outcome after mechanical thrombectomy.

BACKGROUND: Elevated mean platelet volume (MPV), indicating higher platelet activity, could be a predictor of prognosis in patients with acute ischemic stroke receiving medical therapy. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between MPV and functional outcome in patients with acute anterior circulation stroke 3 months after undergoing mechanical thrombectomy (MT). METHODS: A total of 153 consecutive patients with acute stroke following MT, in two separate stroke centers, were enrolled between May 2013 and March 2016. MPV was measured on admission. Subjects were divided into two groups according to average MPV level. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. MPV was also incorporated into the Houston IA Therapy (HIAT) score, which was developed as a scoring system to predict poor prognosis, and the prediction capability was compared with the HIAT score alone. RESULTS: The average MPV was 10.4 fL. Patients with high MPV had a significantly lower rate of functional independence (28.9% vs 57.1%, p=0.000). After multivariable analysis, elevated MPV remained an independent predictor of unfavorable outcome (OR=3.93, 95% CI 1.73 to 8.94, p=0.001). When the MPV cut-off value was set at 10.4 fL using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, MPV ≥10.4 fL predicted unfavorable outcome with 62.1% sensitivity and 66.7% specificity, respectively. Addition of MPV to the HIAT score did not improve predictive power compared with the HIAT score system alone by a comparison of the areas under the two ROC curves (0.70 vs 0.62, p=0.174). CONCLUSIONS: Elevated MPV is an independent predictor of poor outcome in patients with acute anterior circulation stroke undergoing MT at 3 months.

Caveolin-1 is a checkpoint regulator in hypoxia-induced astrocyte apoptosis via Ras/Raf/ERK pathway.

Astrocytes, the most numerous cells in the human brain, play a central role in the metabolic homeostasis following hypoxic injury. Caveolin-1 (Cav-1), a transmembrane scaffolding protein, has been shown to converge prosurvival signaling in the central nerve system. The present study aimed to investigate the role of Cav-1 in the hypoxia-induced astrocyte injury. We also examined how Cav-1 alleviates apoptotic astrocyte death. To this end, primary astrocytes were exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) for 6 h and a subsequent 24-h reoxygenation to mimic hypoxic injury. OGD significantly reduced Cav-1 expression. Downregulation of Cav-1 using Cav-1 small interfering RNA dramatically worsened astrocyte cell damage and impaired cellular glutamate uptake after OGD, whereas overexpression of Cav-1 with Cav-1 scaffolding domain peptide attenuated OGD-induced cell apoptosis. Mechanistically, the expressions of Ras-GTP, phospho-Raf, and phospho-ERK were sequestered in Cav-1 small interfering RNA-treated astrocytes, yet were stimulated after supplementation with caveolin peptide. MEK/ERK inhibitor U0126 remarkably blocked the Cav-1-induced counteraction against apoptosis following hypoxia, indicating Ras/Raf/ERK pathway is required for the Cav-1's prosurvival role. Together, these findings support Cav-1 as a checkpoint for the in hypoxia-induced astrocyte apoptosis and warrant further studies targeting Cav-1 to treat hypoxic-ischemic brain injury.

[The correlation between platelet parameters and acute rejection after renal transplantation].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between acute graft rejection early after renal transplantation and the variations of platelet parameters. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 167 renal transplant recipients before and within 2 months after the surgery. Before and at 1-10 days, 15 days, 30 days, 45 days and 60 days after the transplantation, 5 platelet parameters, including platelet count (PLT), platelet hematocrit (PCT), mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet volume distribution width (PDW), and large platelet ratio (P-LCR), were detected in the 35 patients with acute graft rejection within two months (AR group) and in the other 132 recipients with good graft recovery (control group). RESULTS: The AR group and control group showed no significant difference in PLT, PCT, MPV, or P-LCR before the surgery, but the PDW was significantly higher in the AR group (t=2.18, P=0.035). These parameters were similar within 5 postoperative days between the two groups (P>0.05), but in postoperative days 6-15, the AR group showed significantly increased MPV, PDW and P-LCR compared with the control group (P<0.05). In postoperative days 6-9, MPV, PDW and P-LCR became stable in AR group but tended to decrease in the control group, showing obviously different patterns of variation between the two groups (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative PDW may have a positive correlation with acute graft rejection after renal transplantation. Monitoring the variations of MPV, PDW and P-LCR may help in the diagnosis of acute graft rejection early after renal transplantation.

[Effect of donor and recipient anti-MICA antibodies on early renal graft function following transplantation].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of donor and recipient anti-major histocompatibility complex class I-related chain A (MICA) antibodies on early renal graft function in renal transplant recipients. METHODS: Using Luminex200 liquid chip technology, we detected anti-MICA antibodies in 26 deceased donors paired with 43 recipients. We divided the 43 pairs into 4 groups according to different donor and recipient anti-MICA antibody positivity statuses and compared the incidence of acute rejection (AR), serum creatinine at 1 week after transplantation, and renal function recovery time between the groups to assess the effect of donor and recipient anti-MICA antibodies on early graft function. RESULTS: Five of the 26 donors were positive for anti-MICA antibodies (19.2%), with the most common antibody being anti-MICA*019 (40%); 11 of the 43 recipients were positive for anti-MICA antibodies (25.6%), among which anti-MICA*018 was most frequently found (14.6%). AR did not occur in the only anti-MICA antibody-positive recipient receiving an anti-MICA antibody-positive donor graft; AR occurred in 2 (33.3%) of the 6 anti-MICA antibody-negative recipients receiving anti-MICA antibody-positive donor graft, in 4 (40%) out of the 10 anti-MICA antibody-positive recipients receiving anti-MICA antibody-negative donor graft, and in 10 (38.4%) of the 26 anti-MICA antibody-negative recipients receiving anti-MICA antibodies-negative donor graft. The incidences of AR were not significantly different between the groups (P>0.05), nor were serum creatinine levels or renal function recovery time at one week after surgery(P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Donor or recipient anti-MICA antibody positivity does not seem to significantly affect the incidence of AR or renal function recovery early after transplantation to justify the necessity of monitoring donor anti-MICA antibodies. But still, large-sample studies are needed to further investigate the potential impact of donor and recipient anti-MICA antibodies on the outcomes of renal transplantation.

[Correlation study between Chinese myasthenia gravis patients from Guangdong province and the polymorphism of HLA immunogene].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the correlation between Chinese myasthenia gravis (MG) patients from Guangdong province and the polymorphism of HLA immunogene. METHODS: The genotypes of HLA-A, B and DRB1 alleles in 104 MG patients and 121 healthy blood donors were detected by PCR-SBT (polymerase chain reaction-sequencing-based typing). RESULTS: (1) There were 15 alleles at A locus, 32 at B locus and 23 at DRB1 locus in MG group. (2) The frequency of HLA-A*02:07(P = 0.000, RR = 3.715), -B*46:01(P = 0.000, RR = 5.698), -DRB1*04:03(P = 0.033, RR = 6.312), -DRB1*09:01(P = 0.000, RR = 5.884) in MG patients was higher than that in healthy controls. (3) There were positive associations of HLA-DRB1*09:01(P = 0.000, RR = 1.349) with juvenile-onset ocular MG. CONCLUSION: There is susceptibility association of HLA-A*02:07, -B*46:01, -DRB1*04:03, -DRB1*09:01 with Chinese MG patients from Guangdong province. There is a close genetic and immunological correlation between HLA alleles and the pathogenesis of MG. It has directional significance in the race and region incidence study, clinical classification, differential diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of MG.

Identification of HLA-A*02-B*46 haplotype allele variant in Guangdong Han populations on the basis of PCR-SBT.

BACKGROUND: The HLA-A*02-B*46 haplotype is one of most frequent haplotypes among Guangdong Han populations. To explore the characteristics of the HLA-A*02-B*46 haplotype in Guangdong Han populations, the genetic polymorphism of HLA-A*02-B*46 haplotype was analysed by PCR-SBT in our study. FINDINGS: Among 88 samples with the homozygotes for HLA-A*02-B*46 in the low resolution, 4 different alleles for A*02 (A*0201, A*0203, A*0206, A*0207) and 1 allele for B*46 (B*4601) were identified by PCR-SBT. Among them, the A*0207 allele was the predominant allele. Inversely, among the samples with HLA-A*2-B*46(-), six alleles were detected for A*02 (A*020101, A*0203, A*0205, A*0206 and A*0207), and the A*0201 allele was predominant. On the other hand, the HLA-A*02-B*46 haplotype presented moderate heterozygosis (32.95%). In addition, the linkage with DRB1 was analysed in HLA-A*2-B*46 haplotype, and there existed 10 alleles with DRB1. With the low resolution for DRB1, the other 10 DRB1 alleles all linked with the HLA-A*02-B*46 haplotype except for DRB1*01, DRB1*10, and DRB1*17. Moreover, we found eight alleles of DRB1 in the HLA-A*0207-B*4601 haplotype. CONCLUSION: The polymorphism distribution of the A*02 allele between the HLA-A*02-B*46 and HLA-A*02-B*46(-) haplotypes among the Guangdong Han populations provides useful information for research on unrelated hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (UHSCT), anthropology, and disease association for populations with the HLA-A*02-B*46 haplotype.

[Analysis of STR loci expression after allogeneic cord blood hematopoietic stem cell transplantation].

The purpose of this study was to analyze the STR loci expression after allergenic cord hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patient with Ducennes muscular dystropy (DMD) patient. PCR-SSO was used to identify the HLA antigens and alleles, STR-PCR was used to detect the chimera status. Quantity analysis of donor chimeras was performed by multiplex PCR amplification of STR marker and capillary electrophoresis with fluorescence detection. The results showed that patient appear to be HLA identical to the donor cord blood at the tested level. Persistent full donor chimerism was found in breast bone marrow. The patient with stable MC (DC < 5%) had a probability of long term survival with molecular remission MC status appeared in forearm muscle, tongue, liver, spleen, stomach, right temporal lobe, diaphragmatic muscle, bronchus, left ventricle and right kidney. In conclusion, the donor gene can express in parenchymatoas organs, the donor chimerism was detected in breast bone marrow and some other organs.

[Expression and analysis of HLA-A, B and DRB1 genes in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia in Guangdong area].

To study the gene polymorphism of HLA-A, B, DRB1 alleles in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia and to explore the correlation of HLA with chronic myelogenous leukemia, the polymerase chain reaction-reverse sequence specific oligonucleotide (PCR-RSSO) was used to analyze the polymorphism of HLA-A, B, DRB1 alleles of 293 CML Patients and 406 randomized and synchronous blood donors (healthy and unrelated with patients) from Guangdong Han population. The results indicate that the gene frequency of HLA-A*24 in CML group was 15.53% lower than that of control group (22.09%, RR = 0.63, p = 0.005); the gene frequency of HLA-B*13 in CML group was 10.41% higher than that of control group (6.74%, RR = 1.68, p = 0.016). The gene frequency of HLA- DRB1*14 in CML group was 7.51% lower than that of control group (11.89%, RR = 0.58, p = 0.008). The differences were all statistically significant. It is concluded that the gene frequency of HLA-A*24, HLA- DRB1*14 in CML patients is significantly lower than normal people in Guangdong. The gene frequency of HLA-B*13 in CML patients is significantly higher than normal people in Guangdong. Further study is needed to make sure whether HLA-A*24 and HLA- DRB1*14 are protective gene markers for CML acquisition on Guangdong Chinese Han population and whether HLA-B*13 is a gene marker for CML susceptibility on this population.

[Correlation of the polymorphism of HLA-A, B and DRB1 alleles with nasopharyngeal carcinoma in the south of China].

AIM: To explore the correlation between and nasopharyngeal carcinoma the polymorphism of HLA-A, B and DRB1 alleles in the south of China. METHODS: The genotypes of HLA-A, B and DRB1 alleles in 35 patients with NPC and 60 healthy controls were determined by PCR-sequence-specific primer (PCR-SSP). RESULTS: The frequency of HLA-A * 02, HLA-B * 58 and HLA-DRB1 * 03 in the patients with NPC was higher than that in healthy controls (P < 0.05) while the frequency of HLAB * 40 was lower than that in NPC patients (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: HLA-A * 02, HLA-B * 58 and HLA-DRB1 * 03 might be the susceptible genes of NPC patients while HLA-B * 40 might be the protective gene of NPC patients.