Probiotic Therapy (BIO-THREE) Mitigates Intestinal Microbial Imbalance and Intestinal Damage Caused by Oxaliplatin.

Gastrointestinal mucositis associated with the use of chemotherapeutic drugs can seriously affect the quality of life of patients. In this study, a probiotic mixture, BIO-THREE, was used to alleviate intestinal damage caused by oxaliplatin in mice and human patients. Kunming mice were injected with 15 mg/kg of oxaliplatin twice, and BIO-THREE tablets were administered to mice for 12 days. Patients with gastric cancer undergoing oxaliplatin treatment took BIO-THREE tablets for 2 weeks. The changes in the composition of fecal microbiota both in patients and mice were analyzed using 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing. In mice, oxaliplatin caused a drop in body weight and produced lesions in the liver and small intestines. Probiotic therapy successfully mitigated the damage caused by oxaliplatin to the intestinal tract, but it was not very effective for the liver damage and weight loss caused by oxaliplatin. The sequencing of the gut microflora indicated that oxaliplatin treatment increased the abundance of Bacteroidetes and decreased the abundance of Prevotella in mice. After taking probiotics, the feces of mice and human patients both had a higher abundance of Plovitella and a lower abundance of Bacteroides. The increase in Bacteroidetes and decrease in Prevotella in the gut community might be associated with oxaliplatin-induced intestinal damage. Probiotics appeared to be beneficial, decreasing intestinal damage by restoring the abundance of Bacteroidetes and Prevotella.

Nesterenkonia sedimenti sp. nov., isolated from marine sediment.

A Gram-staining-positive actinobacteria strain, designated MY13T, was isolated from deep-sea sediment of the western Pacific Ocean and subjected to a taxonomic polyphasic investigation. Based on the results, cells were aerobic, irregular short rod, non-motile and non-spore-forming. Colonies were cream, circular, smooth, convex, opaque and 1.0-2.0 mm in diameter after growth on MZ2 medium at 40 °C for 72 h. Strain MY13T grew at 4-50 °C (optimum, 40 °C), pH 7-12 (pH 9) and 0.5-15% (w/v) NaCl (3.5%). The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain MY13T is affiliated with the genus Nesterenkonia and closely related to Nesterenkonia populi GP10-3T (96.6%). Digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values and average nucleotide identity (ANI) differentiated it from its closest relatives, with values ranging from 19.8% to 22.4% and 72.6% to 78.0%, respectively. Chemotaxonomic analysis showed that the major menaquinone of strain MY13T was MK-7; major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C17:0, anteiso-C15:0 and iso-C16:0; whole-cell sugars were galactose and xylose; the peptidoglycan type was L-Lys-Gly-D-Asp; and polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, two unknown glycolipids, one unknown polar lipid and two unknown lipids. The G+C content of genomic DNA was 63.1 mol%. Based on the physiological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain MY13T is a novel species of the genus Nesterenkonia, for which the name Nesterenkonia sedimenti sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MY13T (= LMG 28111T = MCCC 1A09979T = JCM 19767T = CGMCC 1.12784T).

Chryseoglobus indicus sp. nov., isolated from deep sea water.

A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, aerobic, non-spore-forming and slender rod-shaped actinobacterium, designated strain CTD02-10-2T, was isolated from deep sea water of the Indian Ocean. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain CTD02-10-2T was grouped into a separated branch with Chryseoglobus frigidaquae JCM 14730T (98.4 % nucleotide sequence identity). The respiratory quinones were menaquinones with 11, 12, 13 and 14 isoprene units and anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 1 A and anteiso-C17 : 0 were the major fatty acids. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and three unknown glycolipids. The genome of strain CTD02-10-2T was 2.59 Mb, with a DNA G+C content of 69.6 mol% and contained genes involved in the biosynthesis of alkylresorcinol, ansamycin, and carotenoids. In silico DNA-DNA hybridization and average nucleotide identity values for whole-genome sequence comparisons between strain CTD02-10-2T and C. frigidaquae JCM 14730T were clearly below the thresholds used for the delineation of a new species. Based on its morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, as well as genotypic data, strain CTD02-10-2T was classified as a novel species of the genus Chryseoglobus, for which the name Chryseoglobus indicus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CTD02-10-2T (=JCM 33842T=MCCC 1A16619T).

Brevibacterium profundi sp. nov., isolated from deep-sea sediment of the Western Pacific Ocean.

A new Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile and rod-shaped actinobacterium, designated O1T, was isolated from a deep-sea sediment of the Western Pacific Ocean. Strain O1T showed optimal growth at 30 °C, between pH 6.0 and 8.0, and in the presence of 1-5 % (w/v) NaCl. The predominant menaquinone was MK-8 (H2), and anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0 were the major fatty acids. The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and one unknown glycolipid. The DNA G+C content of strain O1T was 64.9 mol% and the genome size was 4.17 Mb. Based on a similarity search and phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence, strain O1T belonged to the genus Brevibacterium. The values of average nucleotide identity and in silico DNA-DNA hybridization between strain O1T and its close relatives were well below the thresholds used for the delineation of a new species. On the basis of the morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, as well as the genotypic data, it is proposed that strain O1T represents a novel species of the genus Brevibacterium, for which the name Brevibacterium profundi sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is O1T (=JCM 33845T=MCCC 1A16744T).

Saccharopolyspora coralli sp. nov. a novel actinobacterium isolated from the stony coral Porites.

A novel Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile actinobacterium, designated strain E2AT, was isolated from a coral sample and examined using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain E2AT formed a distinct phyletic lineage in the genus Saccharopolyspora and was closely related to S. cavernae CCTCC AA 2012022T (96.4 %) and S. lacisalsi CCTCC AA 2010012T (95.3 %). The isolate grew at 15-35 °C, pH 5-12 and in the presence of 1-16 % (w/v) NaCl. The cell-wall diamino acid was meso-DAP. Major fatty acids identified were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C17 : 1 ω8c. The predominant menaquinone was MK-9(H4). The polar lipids detected were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, one unidentified glycolipid, one unidentified phospholipid and one unidentified aminolipid. The genomic DNA G+C content was 68.6 mol%. Based on the data from the polyphasic taxonomic study reported here, strain E2AT represents a novel species within the genus Saccharopolyspora, for which the name Saccharopolyspora coralli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is E2AT=(JCM 31844T=MCCC 1A17150T).

Nesterenkonia salmonea sp. nov. and Nesterenkonia sphaerica sp. nov., isolated from the Southern Atlantic Ocean.

Two Gram-positive, aerobic, non-motile and non-spore-forming actinobacteria, strains GY074T and GY239T, were isolated from deep-sea sediment of the Southern Atlantic Ocean. The results of phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences placed both isolates within the genus Nesterenkonia, and showed a sequence similarity of 98.3 % between the two strains and similarites of 94.3-97.2 % with respect to Nesterenkonia species with validly published names. Based on whole-genome sequences, the values of in silico DNA-DNA hybridization and the average nucleotide identity between strains GY074T and GY239T were 21.2 and 78.1 %, respectively, less than the proposed cut-off level for species delineation, i.e. 70 and 95 %. For both strains, the major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C17 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0, and the major menaquinones were MK-7, MK-8 and MK-9. The major polar lipid contents of the two strains were similar with phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and an unidentified glycolipid. The genomic DNA G+C contents of strains GY074T and GY239T were 61.1 and 64.2 mol%, respectively. On the basis of the phylogenetic analysis and physiological and chemotaxonomic data, the isolates represent two novel species of the genus Nesterenkonia, for which the names Nesterenkonia salmonea sp. nov. (type strain GY074T=KCTC 39639T=MCCC 1A11256T) and Nesterenkonia sphaerica sp. nov. (type strain GY239T=KCTC 39640T=MCCC 1A10688T) are proposed.

Paracoccus subflavus sp. nov., isolated from Pacific Ocean sediment.

A Gram-stain-negative, short rod-shaped, non-motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive, aerobic bacterium, designated GY0581T, was isolated from marine sediment sampled from the Western Pacific Ocean. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain GY0581T belonged to the genus Paracoccus and had the highest levels of sequence similarity to Paracoccus sediminis JCM 18467T (98.2 %). Levels of similarity between strain GY0581T and other Paracoccus species were lower than 97.0 %. The average nucleotide identity and the DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain GY0581T and P. sediminis JCM 18467T were 83.9 and 27 %, respectively, which are below the respective thresholds for species differentiation. The major cellular fatty acid was C18 : 1ω7c (79.5 %). The only isoprenoid quinone was Q-10. The polar lipid pattern indicated the presence of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, three unidentified phospholipids, three unidentified aminolipids, one unidentified glycolipid and two unidentified lipids. The DNA G+C content of strain GY0581T was 65.6 mol%. On the basis of polyphasic characterization, it is concluded that strain GY0581T represents a novel species of the genus Paracoccus, for which the name Paracoccus subflavus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is GY0581T (=KCTC 42710T=MCCC 1A10575T).

[Expression and clinical significance of cyclooxygenase-2 in nasal and paranasal sinus carcinoma].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and the carcinogenesis and invasive behavior of nasal and paranasal sinus carcinoma (NPSC). METHOD: The expression of COX-2 were detected in 69 case NPSC tissues, paracancerous atypical hyperplasia tissue and normal tissue by using immunohistochemical techniques of SP method. RESULT: The positive rate of COX-2 in NPSC tissues and atypical hyperplasia tissue and normal tissue was 65.22% and 42.31% and 3.33%, respectively. The positive rate of COX-2 in NPSC tissues was significantly higher than that in normal tissue (P < 0.01), and increased apparently with the lesion progressing from normal to atypical hyperplasia tissue to NPSC tissues, and also correlated with the increasing of tumor (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: COX-2 may play an important role in the carcinogenesis and invasion of NPSC.