Multicellular 3D bioprinted human gallbladder carcinoma forin vitromimicry of tumor microenvironment and intratumoral heterogeneity.

Gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) is a malignant hepatobiliary cancer characterized by an intricate tumor microenvironments (TME) and heterogeneity. The traditional GBC 2D culture models cannot faithfully recapitulate the characteristics of the TME. Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting enables the establishment of high-throughput and high-fidelity multicellular GBC models. In this study, we designed a concentric cylindrical tetra-culture model to reconstitute the spatial distribution of cells in tumor tissue, with the inner portion containing GBC cells, and the outer ring containing a mixture of endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and macrophages. We confirmed the survival, proliferation, biomarker expression and gene expression profiles of GBC 3D tetra-culture models. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and immunofluorescence staining verified the morphology and robust expression of GBC/endothelial/fibroblast/macrophage biomarkers in GBC 3D tetra-culture models. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed two distinct subtypes of GBC cells within the model, glandular epithelial and squamous epithelial cells, suggesting the mimicry of intratumoral heterogeneity. Comparative transcriptome profile analysis among variousin vitromodels revealed that cellular interactions and the TME in 3D tetra-culture models reshaped the biological processes of tumor cells to a more aggressive phenotype. GBC 3D tetra-culture models restored the characteristics of the TME as well as intratumoral heterogeneity. Therefore, this model is expected to have future applications in tumor biology research and antitumor drug development.

Investigation of transcriptional and immunological disparities among patient groups with varied prognostic risk factors in cholangiocarcinoma.

BACKGROUND: This study explores molecular features associated with better prognosis in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). METHODS AND RESULTS: The transcriptomic and whole-exome sequencing data obtained from paired tissues of 70 were analyzed, grouping them based on progression-free survival (PFS), differentiation degree, and lymph node metastasis. Among the 70 patients, the TP53 gene mutation frequency was the highest (53%), while FLG gene mutation occurred exclusively in the long PFS group. In the comparison between long and short survival groups, the short PFS group exhibited higher monocyte infiltration levels (p = 0.0287) and upregulation of genes associated with cancer-related transcriptional misregulation, chemokine signaling, and cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions. Differences in immune cell infiltration and gene expression were significant across differentiation and lymph node metastasis groups. Particularly noteworthy was the marked increase in CD8 T cell and NK cell infiltration (p = 0.0291, 0.0459) in the lymph node metastasis group, significantly influences prognosis. Additionally, genes related to platinum resistance, Th17 cell differentiation, and Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation pathways were overexpressed in this group. In summary, higher monocyte infiltration levels in the short PFS group, along with elevated expression of genes associated with cancer-related pathways, suggest a poorer prognosis. The significant increase in CD8 T cell and NK cell infiltration reflects an enhanced anti-tumor immune response, underscoring the relevance of immune infiltration levels and gene expression in predicting outcomes for CCA patients. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we elucidated the pertinent molecular mechanisms and pathways that influence the prognosis of CCAs through comprehensive multi-omics analysis.

Exploration of prognostic and treatment markers in hepatocellular carcinoma via GPCR-related genes analysis.

Background: G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), the biggest family of signaling receptors, account for 34 % of all the drug targets approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). It has been gradually recognized that GPCRs are of significance for tumorigenesis, but in-depth studies are still required to explore specific mechanisms. In this study, the role of GPCRs in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was elucidated, and GPCR-related genes were employed for building a risk-score model for the prognosis and treatment efficacy prediction of HCC patients. Methods: Patients' data on HCC were sourced from the Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma-Japan (LIRI-JP) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases, while GPCR-related genes were obtained from the Molecular Signatures Database (MSigDB). Univariant and multivariant Cox regression analyses, as well as least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) were performed with the aim of identifying differentially expressed GPCR-related genes and grouping patients. Differential expression and functional enrichment analyses were performed; protein-protein interaction (PPI) mechanisms were explored; hub genes and micro ribonucleic acid (miRNA)-target gene regulatory networks were constructed. The tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion (TIDE) algorithm was utilized to evaluate immune infiltration levels and genetic variations. Sensitivity to immunotherapy and common antitumor drugs was predicted via the database Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer (GDSC). Results: A GPCR-related risk score containing eight GPCR-related genes (atypical chemokine receptor 3 (ACKR3), C-C chemokine receptor type 3 (CCR3), CCR7, frizzled homolog 5 (FZD5), metabotropic glutamate receptor 8 (GRM8), hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 1 (HCAR1), 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 5A (HTR5A) and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 6 (NLRP6)) was set up. In addition, patients were classified into groups with high and low risks. Patients in the high-risk group exhibited a worse prognosis but demonstrated a more favorable immunotherapy response rate compared with those in the low-risk group. Distinct sensitivity to chemotherapeutic drugs was observed. A clinical prediction model on the basis of GPCR-related risk scores was constructed. Areas under the curves (AUC) corresponding to one-, three- and five-year survival were 0.731, 0.765 and 0.731, respectively. Conclusions: In this study, an efficient HCC prognostic prediction model was constructed by only GPCR-related genes, which are all potential targets for HCC treatment.

Urinary biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma: current knowledge for clinicians.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most predominant primary liver cancer, causing many illnesses and deaths worldwide. The insidious clinical presentation, difficulty in early diagnosis, and the highly malignant nature make the prognosis of HCC extremely poor. The complex and heterogeneous pathogenesis of HCC poses significant challenges to developing therapies. Urine-based biomarkers for HCC, including diagnostic, prognostic, and monitoring markers, may be valuable supplements to current tools such as serum α-fetoprotein (AFP) and seem promising for progress in precision medicine. Herein, we reviewed the major urinary biomarkers for HCC and assessed their potential for clinical application. Molecular types, testing platforms, and methods for building multimolecule models in the included studies have shown great diversity, thus providing abundant novel tools for future clinical transformation and applications.

Application and Progress of Cultured Models of Gallbladder Carcinoma.

Gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) is a malignant tumor of the biliary system that is aggressive, difficult to detect early, and has a low surgical resection rate and poor prognosis. Appropriate in vitro growth models are expected to focus on the study of the biological behavior and assess treatment effects. Nonetheless, cancer initiation, progression, and invasion include spatiotemporal changes and changes in the cell microenvironment intracellular communication, and intracellular molecules, making the development of in vitro growth models very challenging. Recent advances in biomaterial methods and tissue engineering, particularly advances in bioprinting procedures, have paved the way for advances in the creative phase of in vitro cancer research. To date, an increasing number of cultured models of gallbladder disease have emerged, such as two-dimensional (2D) GBC growth cell cultures, three-dimensional (3D) GBC growth cell cultures, xenograft models, and 3D bioprinting methods. These models can serve as stronger platforms, focusing on tumor growth initiation, the association with the microenvironment, angiogenesis, motility, aggression, and infiltration. Bioprinted growth models can also be used for high-throughput drug screening and validation, as well as translational opportunities for individual cancer therapy. This study focused on the exploration, progress, and significance of the development of GBC cultural models. We present our views on the shortcomings of existing models, investigate new innovations, and plan future improvements and application possibilities for cancer models.

Clinical Characteristics and Risk Factors for Pulmonary Infection in Emergency ICU Patients.

Background: Pulmonary infection in the emergency ICUs increases patient morbidity, hospital stay, treatment costs, and the risk of related adverse events. Methods: This study included 695 patients admitted to our emergency ICU between December 2019 and March 2021. Medical records of emergency ICU patients were reviewed to collect their clinical data, including antibiotic use, history of tracheostomy, history of mechanical ventilation, presence or absence of underlying disease, history of smoking, alcohol consumption, age, gender, and history of shock. Bacterial cultures were performed. The incidence, main clinical features, main pathogens, and risk factors of pulmonary infection in emergency ICU were analyzed. Results: In this study, 69 of the 695 emergency ICU patients (9.93%) developed pulmonary infection. The main clinical features of patients with pulmonary infection included cough and expectoration (97.10%), shortness of breath and chest tightness (95.65%), leukocyte elevation (69.57%), confusion (31.88%), drowsiness (28.99%), persistent fever (27.54%), and nausea and vomiting (10.14%). The main pathogenic bacteria in those with pulmonary infection included Klebsiella pneumoniae (62.32%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (49.28%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (21.74%), Staphylococcus aureus (39.13%), Candida albicans (7.25%), Pneumococcus pneumoniae (15.95%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (24.64%), and lung diplococcus inflammatory (13.04%). Univariate analysis showed that there were no significant differences in the occurrence of pulmonary infection with regard to sex, smoking, and alcohol consumption, but there were significant differences with regard to age, basic disease, invasive surgery, and shock. Logistic regression analysis confirmed that age ≥ 80 years, invasive surgery, shock, and basic diseases ≥ 2 were important risk factors for pulmonary infection in emergency ICU patients. Conclusion: Considering the clinical features and risk factors for pulmonary infection in the emergency ICU, preventive and control measures are required to minimize its occurrence and ensure good outcomes.

Simultaneous detection of multiple phenolic compounds in fish by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry following a modified QuEChERS cleanup.

Phenolic compounds can cause health problems in humans through the food chain. Considering that fish play an important role in human diets, we established a rapid, simple and high-throughput method for the determination of 18 phenolic compounds in fish based on a modified QuEChERS sample preparation method combined with GC-MS. The average recovery of the 18 phenolic compounds was 81.3-116% at 3 spiked levels, and the relative standard deviations, RSDr and RSDwR, were in the range of 1.1-11.3% and 1.5-12.2%, respectively. The limit of detection was 2.0-10.1 µg/kg. Satisfactory linear relationships (R2 > 0.998) were observed for the phenolic compounds in their corresponding concentration ranges. Moreover, the established method exhibited a high sensitivity, good stability, and reliability. The development of this method has an important theoretical and practical significance for establishing standards and to control the residue levels of phenolic compounds in fish.

[Determination of 19 chlorophenols in fish by QuEChERS-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry].

With the increasing use of chlorine-containing pesticides, hypochlorous acid disinfection water as well as aquatic product insecticides and fungicides are widely used in the cultivation of fish. This has led to the contamination of fish by chlorophenol compounds. However, currently, there is no standard method for the simultaneous determination of 19 chlorophenol compounds in fish. In this study, the optimum chromatography and mass spectrometry conditions were determined by investigating the instrument parameters. The 19 chlorophenol compounds were well separated using the DB-5MS capillary chromatographic column (30 m×0.25 mm×0.25 µm) with a carrier gas flow rate of 1 mL/min. Under this condition, the chromatographic peak was sharp and symmetric. An analytical method was developed for the simultaneous determination of the 19 chlorophenol compounds in fish using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry coupled with QuEChERS pretreatment. The improved QuEChERS method was used in sample preparation. The 19 chlorophenol compounds were extracted with organic solvents and purified with purifying agents. During the experiment, the effect of the kinds and volumes of the extraction solvent, as well as the types and dosages of the purifying agent, on the recoveries of the 19 chlorophenol compounds were investigated. Moreover, the temperature and time of derivatization, as well as the dosage of the derivatization agent, were optimized. All aforementioned analyses were conducted with the aim of determining the optimal pretreatment method. Finally, the optimized gas chromatography-mass spectrometry conditions were employed for the quantitative determination of 19 chlorophenol compounds in fish samples. Based on the experimental results, the best extraction method was determined to be the one where the extraction agent (10 mL ethyl acetate) was added to 3 g sodium chloride and 5 g anhydrous magnesium sulfate in the test tube, followed by ultrasonication for 15 min. The sample was centrifuged at 4500 r/min for 5 min, and 500 mg C18 was selected as the purifying agent to purify the supernatant. The purified supernatant was blown with nitrogen to less than 1 mL at 45 ℃, and then redissolved with ethyl acetate to 1 mL. Subsequently, the sample solution was passed through a 0.22 µm organic filter membrane, following which 50 µL bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide was added for derivatization at 45 ℃ for 30 min. Lastly, the 19 chlorophenol compounds were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with an electrospray ionization source and selecting ion monitoring mode. The 19 chlorophenol compounds were then quantitatively analyzed by the external standard method. The compounds showed good linearity in the concentration range of 0.4-10 µg/L, with correlation coefficients (R2) greater than 0.998. The limits of detection and limits of quantification were 0.01-0.05 µg/kg and 0.04-0.16 µg/kg, respectively. Moreover, the average recoveries of the 19 chlorophenol compounds were in the range of 70.6%-115.0% at three spiked levels, and the relative standard deviations were in the range of 2.6%-10.5%. The established method in this study was applied to detect and analyze chlorophenol compounds in actual samples. The experimental results showed that various levels of chlorophenol compounds could be detected in different fishes. Among them, the total amount of chlorophenol compounds detected in the Corvina was 8.74 µg/kg, followed by the Crucian carp at 7.59 µg/kg, and the minimum detected amount in rice fish (1.59 µg/kg). With its simple operation, high sensitivity, and good repeatability, the established method simplifies the pre-treatment of fish samples. It can also meet the requirements for the high-throughput detection of 19 chlorophenol compounds in fish, thereby significantly improving the detection efficiency of chlorophenols. Moreover, the method provides crucial technical support and a theoretical basis for the establishment of feasible detection standards for chlorophenols in China, as well as for the control of residue levels of chlorophenol compounds in fish. The findings have important practical significance to implement management measures during fish breeding and transportation.

Evolutions of the Management of Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastasis: A Bibliometric Analysis.

Background: Tremendous progress has been made in the treatment of colorectal cancer liver metastasis (CRCLM) in recent decades, and thousands of papers have been published. Therefore, we conducted a bibliometric analysis of articles related to CRCLM treatment to explore its evolution. Materials and Methods: The Clarivate Analytics Web of Science (WOS) Core Collection database was searched through June 2020 using terms related to CRCLM treatment. We analyzed the bibliographic information of the literature related to CRCLM treatment and explored the research topics to understand its evolution over time. Results: We identified 3436 records related to CRCLM treatment in the WOS database. The total number of times these documents were cited ranged 0-2352, and the years of publication spanned 1976-2020. The greatest numbers of articles were published in the United States, Japan, and France. Among institutions, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, MD Anderson Cancer Center, and Oslo University Hospital published the most articles. Regarding authors, Jarnagin WR, Adam R, Vauthey JN published the most articles. The research topics of these articles included systemic chemotherapy, molecular targeted therapy, the outcome of liver resection, prognosis prediction, hepatic artery infusion, radiofrequency ablation, and two-stage hepatectomy. Conclusion: Bibliometric analysis of studies related to CRCLM treatment can help doctors and researchers quickly understand the development trend in this field. These data emphasize the current management of patients with CRCLM, and they can potentially guide the direction of future research.

Identification of RASSF1A promoter hypermethylation as a biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: RAS association domain family protein 1A (RASSF1A) promoter hypermethylation is suggested to be linked to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but the results remained controversial. METHODS: We evaluated how RASSF1A promoter hypermethylation affects HCC risk and its clinicopathological characteristics through meta-analysis. Data on DNA methylation in HCC and relevant clinical data were also collected based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database to investigate the prognostic role of RASSF1A promoter hypermethylation in HCC. RESULTS: Forty-four articles involving 4777 individuals were enrolled in the pooled analyses. The RASSF1A promoter methylation rate was notably higher in the HCC cases than the non-tumor cases and healthy individuals, and was significantly related to hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection-positivity and large tumor size. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that HCC cases with RASSF1A promoter hypermethylation had worse outcomes. Receiver operating characteristic curves confirmed that RASSF1A promoter methylation may be a marker of HCC-related prognoses. CONCLUSIONS: RASSF1A promoter hypermethylation is a promising biomarker for the diagnosis of HCC from tissue and peripheral blood, and is an emerging therapeutic target against HCC.

[Determination of cholesterol and vitamin E isomers in milk powder by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry coupled with rapid saponification].

Cholesterol and tocopherols, which are important quality indicators in milk powder, are essential nutrients for the human body. Current pretreatment methods for the detection of cholesterol and four isomers of vitamin E (α-tocopherol, ß-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol, and δ-tocopherol) are based on national food safety standards, which are complicated, time-consuming, and unsuited for simultaneous measurements. Thus, developing a simple, fast, and simultaneous detection method for cholesterol and the four kinds of tocopherols is of practical significance. In this study, gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) was used to establish qualitative and quantitative methods for the determination of cholesterol and the above mentioned four isomers of vitamin E. The sample was digested with lipase and then saponified rapidly using a potassium carbonate-ethanol system. The optimal pretreatment method was established by optimizing the enzymolysis time, saponification temperature, type and volume of the extraction solvent, and extraction time. Then, cholesterol and the four tocopherols in milk power were simultaneously determined. The results revealed a good linear relationship for cholesterol and the tocopherols in the range of 0.5-50.0 mg/L and 0.25-25.0 mg/L, respectively. The correlation coefficients (r2) were greater than 0.99; the recoveries were 76.6%-93.1%; and the relative standard deviations were 0.9%-3.3%. The limits of quantification for cholesterol and the tocopherols were 10.0 µg/100 g and 5.0 µg/100 g, respectively. The recoveries of the added standards did not fully reflect the ability of the method to decompose and extract the actual sample, especially given that the five compounds considered in this study were fat-soluble. Thus, the added standard recovery could not verify the enzymatic hydrolysis effect. In order to investigate the effectiveness of this method for actual milk powder samples, the amounts of cholesterol and the four tocopherols in infant milk powder were determined according to the national standard methods (GB 5009.82-2016, GB 5009.128-2016) and the proposed method. For each method, six sets of measurements were carried out in parallel. The cholesterol content measured by this method was slightly lower than that measured by the national standard method, while the amounts of the four tocopherols were slightly higher. There was no significant difference (p> 0.05) between the national standard method and our method on the amounts of cholesterol and the four tocopherols in milk powder. Twenty kinds of infant formula milk powder and four kinds of low-fat milk powder were randomly selected from the market, and the amounts of cholesterol and the four tocopherols were analyzed. The results showed that the amounts of cholesterol and the four tocopherols in the infant formula milk powder were higher than those in the low-fat milk powder. This method is simple, fast, sensitive, and accurate, thus meeting the detection requirements for cholesterol and tocopherols in milk powder. The findings of the study would provide a theoretical foundation for the rapid estimation of milk powder quality.

[Determination of 18 phenolic compounds in water by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry coupled with solid phase extraction].

At present, the kinds and the hazards of phenolic compounds in water were unclear. Research aimed at methods for the simultaneous detection of multiple phenolic compounds is still in its nascent stages. It is necessary to establish a method for the simultaneous determination of phenolic compounds in water. An analytical method was developed for the simultaneous determination of the 18 phenolic compounds in water by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) coupled with solid phase extraction (SPE). The phenolic compounds in water were enriched and separated on an SPE column. The optimal pretreatment method was established by optimizing the chromatographic and mass spectrometric conditions. The effects of the initial pH of the water sample, type of eluting solvent, and dosage of the washing solution were investigated. Then, the 18 phenolic compounds in the water samples were determined. The optimal pretreatment extraction conditions were determined to be as follows:final pH of water sample, 3.0; eluting solvent, ethyl acetate (10 mL); and elution rate, 1 mL/min. The phenolic compounds enriched and purified by SPE were finally determined by GC-MS/MS with an electrospray ionization (EI) source. The phenolic compounds were then quantitatively analyzed by the external standard method. The average recoveries of the 18 phenolic compounds were in the range of 51.7%-117.3% at four spiked levels, and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) were in the range of 3.1%-7.4%. The limits of detections (LODs) were 0.04-0.6 µg/L. Good linear relationships were observed for the phenolic compounds in their corresponding concentration ranges. The developed method was applied to determine the phenolic compounds in six kinds of water samples from rivers and lakes, domestic water, and process water. Fifteen of the phenolic compounds were detected, but 4-nonylphenol, 3-methyl-4-nitrophenol, and 2-methyl-4,6-dinitrophenol were not. Moreover, bisphenol A, 2,4,6-tribromophenol, and 2,4-dibromophnol had the highest contents of 49.4 µg/L. The contents and kinds of phenolic compounds in the rivers and lakes were highest. However, the contents of phenolic compounds in the domestic water were adverse compared with the rivers and lakes, in accord with National Standard GB 8537-2008. As opposed to traditional analytical methods, the present method is characterized by simple operation without derivative or the need for anhydrous sodium sulfate for water removal, as well as high sensitivity, good stability, and reliability. The establishment of this method has important theoretical and practical significance for the development of standards and for the control of residue phenolic residue levels in water.

Rivaroxaban versus enoxaparin for the prevention of recurrent venous thromboembolism in patients with cancer: A meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Although low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) is recommended as the first-line treatment in patients with active cancer and venous thromboembolism (VTE), many patients are more willing to choose oral anticoagulants. We collected currently available data to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the oral direct factor Xa inhibitor rivaroxaban compared with enoxaparin in patients with cancer and VTE. METHODS: We retrieved electric databases, including Medline/PubMed and EMBASE, from inception through January, 2018. We included articles comparing enoxaparin with rivaroxaban in patients with cancer and VTE. Recurrences of VTE, incidence of major bleeding and deaths were compared between groups. Poole analysis was conducted in Review Manager Version 5.2. RESULTS: A total of 4 articles and 667 patients were included in the final analysis. Pooled analysis showed that rivaroxaban was associated with a non-significantly lower recurrence of VTE (risk ratio [RR] = 0.55, 95% confidence interval (95%CI): 0.28-1.06, I = 0%). Patients treated with rivaroxaban had a similar major bleeding risk compared with those administrated with enoxaparin (RR = 0.84, 95%CI: 0.39-1.83, I = 0%). No significant difference was observed in mortality between the 2 groups (RR = 0.51, 95%CI: 0.15-1.80, I = 89%). CONCLUSION: Rivaroxaban is as effective and safe as enoxaparin for the prevention of recurrent VTE in patients with malignancy. Rivaroxaban is a potential option for patients with cancer and VTE.

Screening of potential probiotic lactic acid bacteria based on gastrointestinal properties and perfluorooctanoate toxicity.

The consumption of lactic acid bacteria capable of binding or degrading food-borne carcinogens may reduce human exposure to these deleterious compounds. In this study, 25 Lactobacillus strains isolated from human, plant, or dairy environments were investigated for their potential probiotic capacity against perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) toxicity. The PFOA binding, tolerance ability, and acid and bile salt tolerance were investigated and assessed by principal component analysis. Additionally, the effect of different pH levels and binding times was assessed. These strains exhibited different degrees of PFOA binding; the strain with the highest PFOA binding capability was Lactobacillus plantarum CCFM738, which bound to 49.40 ± 1.5 % of available PFOA. This strain also exhibited relatively good cellular antioxidative properties, acid and bile salt tolerance, and adhesion to Caco-2 cells. This study suggests that L. plantarum CCFM738 could be used as a potential probiotic in food applications against PFOA toxicity.

Determining antioxidant activities of lactobacilli cell-free supernatants by cellular antioxidant assay: a comparison with traditional methods.

Antioxidant activity of lactic acid bacteria is associated with multiple health-protective effects. Traditional indexes of chemical antioxidant activities poorly reflect the antioxidant effects of these bacteria in vivo. Cellular antioxidant activity (CAA) assay was used in this study to determine the antioxidant activity of cell-free supernatants (CFSs) of 10 Lactobacillus strains. The performance of the CAA assay was compared with that of four chemical antioxidant activity assays, namely, DPPH radical scavenging, hydroxyl radical scavenging (HRS), reducing power (RP), and inhibition of linoleic acid peroxidation (ILAP). Results of the CAA assay were associated with those of DPPH and ILAP assays, but not with those of RP and HRS assays. The inter- and intra-specific antioxidant activities of CFS were characterized by chemical and CAA assays. L. rhamnosus CCFM 1107 displayed a high antioxidative effect similar to positive control L. rhamnosus GG ATCC 53103 in all of the assays. The CAA assay is a potential method for the detection of antioxidant activities of lactobacilli CFSs.