Detection of Bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii in an HIV patient using metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing.

Bartonella species are fastidious, aerobic bacteria that are transmitted by blood-sucking arthropods. Bartonella spp. are responsible for cat scratch disease, Carrion's disease, bacillary angiomatosis and trench fever. On the other hand, Bartonella vinsonii is rarely reported in the literature and there exist a few reports of systemic infection caused by Bartonella vinsonii in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. A 31-year-old male (diagnosed with AIDS six years ago) had persistent fever and ulceration in the right knee. The elevated levels of inflammatory markers suggested an infectious aetiology. Despite the negative findings of blood culture, metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing of plasma detected Bartonella vinsonii. The polymerase chain reaction of whole blood and Sanger sequencing confirmed the mNGS findings. Immunohistochemical staining had later suggested bacillary angiomatosis, which was consistent with Bartonella infection. Following antibiotic treatment, the ulcers subsided significantly, but a high fever persisted. The patient died due to sudden respiratory failure.

Tumor-Infiltrating CD8+ T Cells Driven by the Immune Checkpoint-Associated Gene IDO1 Are Associated With Cervical Cancer Prognosis.

Tumor-infiltrating immune cells, associated with tumor progression, are promising prognostic biomarkers. However, the relationship between levels of gene expression and that of immune cell infiltration in cervical cancer prognosis is unknown. In this study, three cervical cancer gene expression microarrays (GSE6791, GSE63678 and GSE55940) were obtained from the GEO database. The IDO1 gene was identified by differentially expressed gene screening. The gene expression profiles of TCGA and GTEx databases along with comprehensive bioinformatics analysis identified that the IDO1 gene was upregulated in cervical cancer with significant difference in expression at different N stages. In addition, it was also upregulated in HPV16 positive sample. The pan-cancer analysis identified that IDO1 was highly expressed in most cancers. TIMER analysis revealed that the expression of IDO1 in CESC shows positive correlation with CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, neutrophils, dendritic cells. IDO1 expression showed remarkable positive correlation with all immune cell markers except M1 macrophages. CD8+ T cell infiltration GSEA results showed that IDO1 was mainly associated with tumor immune-related signaling pathways.