Comparison of the gastric acid inhibition function among lansoprazole, pantoprazole, and their respective stereoisomers in healthy Chinese subjects
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OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to evaluate the difference in acid inhibition function among lansoprazole (LPZ), pantoprazole (PPZ), and their respective stereoisomers following single and multiple intravenous doses in healthy Chinese subjects. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The dosage groups were set as follows: 30 mg single and multiple intravenous administrations of LPZ or R-LPZ, 40 mg single and multiple intravenous administrations of PPZ or S-PPZ. Subjects received an intravenous infusion of LPZ, R-LPZ, PPZ, or S-PPZ injection in sterile saline solution (100 mL/h, 60 minutes), respectively. The intragastric pH was sampled every second for 24 hours at baseline and for 24 hours after drug administration. The baseline-adjusted pharmacodynamic (PD) parameters include ΔMean (pH), ΔMedian (pH), ΔTpH≥3 (%), ΔTpH≥4 (%), ΔTpH≥6 (%), and ΔAUECph-tτ1-τ2. The PD parameters were evaluated in different time intervals (0 - 24 hours, 0 - 4 hours and 14 - 24 hours). RESULTS: After a single dose, the ΔTpH≥4 (%) of R-LPZ, LPZ, S-PPZ and PPZ was 56.6 ± 19.6, 53.1 ± 23.3, 35.6 ± 24.9 and 26.8 ± 30.2, respectively. The ΔTpH≥6 (%) was 50.7 ± 26.1, 41.4 ± 26.2, 25.4 ± 24.9 and 22.1 ± 27.6, respectively. The ΔAUECph-τ1-τ was 45,564 ± 16,107, 41,798 ± 16,153, 31,914 ± 17,304 and 20,744 ± 21,500, respectively. Statistically significant differences were found with R-LPZ vs. S-PPZ, R-LPZ vs. PPZ, LPZ vs. S-PPZ and LPZ vs. PPZ. The average TpH≥4 of R-LPZ, LPZ, S-PPZ, and PPZ was (47.2 ± 26.1) minutes, (49.6 ± 19.3) minutes, (56.1 ± 23.7) minutes, and (72.1 ± 27.3) minutes, respectively. Statistically significant differences were found with R-LPZ vs. PPZ (p = 0.009) and LPZ vs. PPZ (p = 0.019). After multiple doses, the ΔTpH≥4 (%) of R-LPZ, LPZ, S-PPZ, and PPZ was 71.7 ± 20.2, 63.5 ± 19.4, 59.5 ± 17.8 and 64.0 ± 22.4, respectively. The ΔTpH≥6 (%) was 64.0 ± 22.2, 52.0 ± 19.2, 49.6 ± 20.4 and 50.9 ± 23.8, respectively. The ΔAUECph-τ1-τ was 326,149 ± 94,839, 288,565 ± 93,279, 296,189 ± 83,412 and 300,960 ± 108,057, respectively. No statistically significant differences were found in baseline-adjusted PD parameters during all time periods after multiple doses. CONCLUSION: After a single dose, the mean gastric pH inhibition value of R-LPZ was the highest, followed by LPZ, then S-PPZ and PPZ. R-LPZ and LPZ provided significantly better pH control compared with PPZ and S-PPZ in healthy subjects. The onset time of R-LPZ was the fastest and R-LPZ can provide better acid inhibition during sleeping time. After multiple doses, the mean values in all PD parameters of R-LPZ were the highest, the values of LPZ, S-PPZ, and PPZ were similar. However, no significant difference was found in acid inhibition among these four drugs after multiple doses.

Nickel sulfide/graphitic carbon nitride/strontium titanate (NiS/g-C3N4/SrTiO3) composites with significantly enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen production activity.

NiS/g-C3N4/SrTiO3 (NS/CN/STO) composites were prepared using a facile hydrothermal method. The synergistic effect of g-C3N4/SrTiO3 (CN/STO) heterojunction and NiS cocatalyst enhanced the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity of NS/CN/STO. A hydrogen production rate of 1722.7 µmol h-1 g-1 was obtained when the 2%NiS/20%g-C3N4/SrTiO3 (2NS/20CN/STO) was used for the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution in the presence of methanol used as a sacrificial agent under UV-vis light irradiation; the photocatalytic hydrogen production rate of 2NS/20CN/STO is 32.8, 8.9 and 4.2 times the value of that obtained with pure g-C3N4, SrTiO3 and 20%g-C3N4/SrTiO3 (20CN/STO), respectively. Moreover, in photoelectrochemical investigations when compared with 20CN/STO, SrTiO3 and g-C3N4, 2NS/20CN/STO exhibited significant photocurrent enhancement. The heterojunction and cocatalyst in NS/CN/STO improved the charge separation efficiency and the lifetime of the charge carriers, leading to the enhanced generation of electrons for photocatalytic hydrogen production.

Effect of protein-tyrosine phosphatase 4A3 by small interfering RNA on the proliferation of lung cancer.

Previous studies on PTP4A3 mainly focused on tumor metastasis due to the close relationship between the overexpression of lung cancer and metastasis. However, the role of PTP4A3 in the proliferation of tumor still has remained unclear. To investigate the role of PTP4A3 in cell growth of lung cancer, we constructed PTP4A3-siRNA expressing lentivirus and infected human lung cancer H1299 cells, and then examined the inhibitory effect of PTP4A3 in vitro. The levels of PTP4A3 mRNA and protein in H1299 cells decreased after PTP4A3-siRNA lentivirus infection. The growth and colony formation of the infected cells were also inhibited, indicating that PTP4A3 gene is closely associated with the proliferation of H1299 cells. In addition, after PTP4A3 specific siRNA lentivirus infection, it was notable that whilst H1299 cells in G1 phase apparently reduced, both of H1299 cells in G2/M phase and the cell apoptosis increased significantly. This finding indicated the close relationship between PTP4A3 gene and apoptosis in the H1299 cells. These results come to their conclusion that PTP4A3 plays an important role in the growth of lung cancer cells. PTP4A3 may be considered as a valuable target for anti-tumor therapeutic strategies.

B7-H3 and CD133 expression in non-small cell lung cancer and correlation with clinicopathologic factors and prognosis.

OBJECTIVE: To detect the expression of B7-H3 and CD133 in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) specimens and lung benign lesions, and to evaluate the correlation between the 2 biomarkers and clinicopathologic features. METHODS: This is a case-control study of 102 tissue specimens collected from NSCLC participants undergoing thoracic surgery in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China, between January 2006 and December 2008. From the 102 patients, 25 adjacent non-cancer samples were verified pathologically as normal tissue (positive group), and 24 benign inflammatory lesion tissues were used as control (negative group). Specimens from 126 participants were stained immunohistochemically using Image-Pro Plus software, and the cell number was measured in each section. RESULTS: Of the 102 specimens, 71 expressed B7-H3, and 51 expressed CD133, higher than that in benign lesions (p<0.001) or non-cancer tissues (p<0.001). B7-H3 expression in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) was significantly higher than those in adenocarcinoma (p=0.048), while CD133 expression in large cell lung carcinoma was higher than that in SCC (p=0.023). The mean number of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in the B7-H3-positive group was lower than that in the B7-H3-negative group (p=0.026). The mean TILs in the CD133-positive group was significantly lower than that in CD133-negative group (p=0.029). We found that CD133 was related to tumor cell differentiation degree and CD133 expression was negatively correlated with B7-H3 expression. The CD133 positive or B7-H3 negative was associated with poor prognosis of NSCLC patients by Cox regression analysis. CONCLUSION: Both CD133 and B7-H3 might induce apoptosis of TILs in NSCLC and tumor evading host immune surveillance. Either CD133 or B7-H3 might be an independent risk factor of NSCLC participants.