Capsular Repair Versus No Repair After Hip Arthroscopy in Patients Without Dysplasia or Generalized Ligamentous Laxity: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: Many recent studies have shown that patients who undergo capsular repair after hip arthroscopy achieve superior clinical outcomes compared with those who do not. However, patients with dysplasia or generalized ligamentous laxity (GLL) were not excluded from most of these studies, which may have affected the outcomes. Purpose: To determine whether capsular repair influences the outcomes of hip arthroscopy for patients without dysplasia or GLL. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 1. Methods: Under the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, randomized controlled trials comparing the outcomes of capsulotomy with versus without repair were included, but studies that included patients with dysplasia or GLL were excluded. The study outcomes were patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) at 6 months and 2 years postoperatively-including the modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS), Hip Outcome Score-Activities of Daily Living (HOS-ADL), and Hip Outcome Score-Sport-Specific Subscale (HOS-SSS)- and were compared between the repair and no-repair groups. A narrative analysis and meta-analysis were performed to integrate and compare the results of the 2 groups. In the meta-analysis of the outcome measures, studies with significant differences in the preoperative scores between the repair and no-repair groups were excluded because previous studies have shown that these can affect the outcomes. Results: A total of 761 studies were initially identified, of which 3 were included. Of the 322 included patients, 136 underwent capsular repair, and 186 underwent capsulotomy with no repair. The meta-analysis showed that capsular repair was associated with significantly higher postoperative PROMs: the mHHS at 2 years (P = .03), the HOS-ADL at 6 months (P = .02) and 2 years (P < .0001), and the HOS-SSS at 6 months (P = .02) and 2 years (P = .001). Conclusion: Capsular repair after hip arthroscopy was associated with superior clinical outcomes when compared with no capsular repair in patients without dysplasia or GLL.

Predictive Modeling for Functional Outcomes After All-Inside Arthroscopic Anterior Talofibular Ligament Repair of Chronic Ankle Instability.

BACKGROUND: Arthroscopic anterior talofibular ligament repair (AATFLR) is a surgical strategy to treat chronic ankle instability (CAI) patients. This study identified risk factors that influenced the functional outcomes of AATFLR for CAI and developed prognostic nomogram for predicting functional outcomes in future AATFLR cases. METHODS: Patients undergoing AATFLR from January 2016 to June 2022 with at least 10 months of follow-up were included in the study. The Karlsson Ankle Functional Score (KAFS) was evaluated preoperatively and at last follow-up visit. A total of 15 potential predictors including age, sex, body mass index, side affected, time from injury to surgery, sports-related injury, osteophyte, loose bodies, distal tibiofibular syndesmosis, ATFL avulsion fracture, Outerbridge classification of osteochondral lesions, postoperative immobilization method, ambulation time, walking time, and follow-up time, were recorded. We first used univariate binary logistic regression analysis to select the potential significant prognostic features, which were then subjected to the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression algorithm for final feature selection. A nomogram based on the regression model was developed to estimate the functional outcomes of patients. Models were validated internally using bootstrapping and externally by calculating their performance on a validation cohort. RESULTS: Overall, 200 ankles fit inclusion criteria. Of these 200, a total of 185 (92.5%) ankles were eligible and divided into development (n = 121) and validation (n = 64) cohorts. Four predictors were ultimately included in the prognostic nomogram model: age, sex, sports-related injury, and postoperative immobilization method. CONCLUSION: We found in our cohort that the significant predictors of poorer functional outcomes of AATFLR were postoperative immobilization with lower-leg cast, female sex, non-sports-related ankle sprain, and increasing age. Prognostic nomograms were created. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III, retrospective cohort study.

Reversal of the Regioselectivity of Iron-Promoted Hydrogenation and Hydrohalogenation of gem-Difluoroalkenes.

The reaction regioselectivity of gem-difluoroalkenes is dependent on the intrinsic polarity. Thus, the reversal of the regioselectivity of the addition reaction of gem-difluoroalkenes remains a formidable challenge. Herein, we described an unprecedented reversal of regioselectivity of hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) to gem-difluoroalkenes triggered by Fe-H species for the formation of difluoroalkyl radicals. Hydrogenation of the in situ generated radicals gave difluoromethylated products. Mechanism experiments and theoretical studies revealed that the kinetic effect of the irreversible HAT process resulted in the reversal of the regioselectivity of this scenario, leading to the formation of a less stable α-difluoroalkyl radical regioisomer. On basis of this new reaction of gem-difluoroalkene, the iron-promoted hydrohalogenation of gem-difluoroalkenes for the efficient synthesis of aliphatic chlorodifluoromethyl-, bromodifluoromethyl- and iododifluoromethyl-containing compounds was developed. Particularly, this novel hydrohalogenation of gem-difluoroalkenes provided an effect and large-scale access to various iododifluoromethylated compounds of high value for synthetic application.

Formaldehyde-Mediated Hydride Liberation of Alkylamines for Intermolecular Reactions in Hexafluoroisopropanol.

The ability of alkylamines to spontaneously liberate hydride ions is typically restrained, except under specific intramolecular reaction settings. Herein, we demonstrate that this reactivity can be unlocked through simple treatment with formaldehyde in hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) solvent, thereby enabling various intermolecular hydride transfer reactions of alkylamines under mild conditions. Besides transformations of small molecules, these reactions enable unique late-stage modification of complex peptides. Mechanistic investigations uncover that the key to these intermolecular hydride transfer processes lies in the accommodating conformation of solvent-mediated macrocyclic transition states, where the aggregates of HFIP molecules act as dexterous proton shuttles. Importantly, negative hyperconjugation between the lone electron pair of nitrogen and the antibonding orbital of amine's α C-H bond plays a critical role in the C-H activation, promoting its hydride liberation.

Methyl jasmonate regulation of pectin polysaccharides in Cosmos bipinnatus roots: A mechanistic insight into alleviating cadmium toxicity.

Methyl jasmonate (MeJA), a crucial phytohormone, which plays an important role in resistance to Cadmium (Cd) stress. The cell wall (CW) of root system is the main location of Cd and plays a key role in resistance to Cd toxicity. However, the mechanism effect of MeJA on the CW composition and Cd accumulation remain unclear. In this study, the contribution of MeJA in regulating CW structure, pectin composition and Cd accumulation was investigated in Cosmos bipinnatus. Phenotypic results affirm MeJA's significant role in reducing Cd-induced toxicity in C. bipinnatus. Notably, MeJA exerts a dual impact, reducing Cd uptake in roots while increasing Cd accumulation in the CW, particularly bound to pectin. The molecular structure of pectin, mainly uronic acid (UA), correlates positively with Cd content, consistent in HC1 and cellulose, emphasizing UA as pivotal for Cd binding. Furthermore, MeJA modulates pectin methylesterase (PME) activity under Cd stress, influencing pectin's molecular structure and homogalacturonan (HG) content affecting Cd-binding capacity. Chelate-soluble pectin (CSP) within soluble pectins accumulates a substantial Cd proportion, with MeJA regulating both UA content and the minor component 3-deoxy-oct-2-ulosonic acid (Kdo) in CSP. The study delves into the intricate regulation of pectin monosaccharide composition under Cd stress, revealing insights into the CW's physical defense and Cd binding. In summary, this research provides novel insights into MeJA-specific mechanisms alleviating Cd toxicity in C. bipinnatus, shedding light on complex interactions between MeJA, and Cd accumulation in CW pectin polysaccharide.

Long Non-coding RNA LINC00342 Promotes the Proliferation, Invasion, and Migration of Primary Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells by Regulating the Expression of miRNA-19a-3p, miRNA-545-5p, and miRNA-203a-3p.

This study aimed to investigate the role of the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) LINC00342-207 (LINC00342) in the development and progression of primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Forty-two surgically resected HCC tissues and corresponding paracancerous tissues were collected from October 2019 to December 2020 and examined for lncRNA LINC00342, microRNA (miR)-19a-3p, miR-545-5p, miR-203a-3p, cell cycle protein D1 (CyclinD1/CCND1), murine double minute 2 (MDM2), and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) expression. The disease-free survival and overall survival of patients with HCC were followed up. HCC cell lines and the normal hepatocyte cell line HL-7702 were cultured and the expression level of LINC00342 was measured. HepG2 cells were transfected with LINC00342 siRNA, LINC00342 overexpression plasmid, miR-19a-3p mimics and their corresponding suppressors, miR-545-5p mimics and their corresponding suppressors, and miR-203a-3p mimics and their corresponding suppressors. The proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion of HepG2 cells were detected. Stably transfected HepG2 cells were inoculated into the left axilla of male BALB/c nude mice, and the volume and quality of transplanted tumors as well as the expression levels of LINC00342, miR-19a-3p, miR-545-5p, miR-203a-3p, CCND1, MDM2, and FGF2 were examined. LINC00342 played an oncogenic role in HCC and exhibited inhibitory effects on proliferation, migration, and invasion, and promoted the apoptosis of HepG2 cells. Moreover, it inhibited the growth of transplanted tumors in vivo in mice. Mechanistically, the oncogenic effect of LINC00342 was associated with the targeted regulation of the miR-19a-3p/CCND1, miR-545-5p/MDM2, and miR-203a-3p/FGF2 axes.

Mechanisms of acupuncture for primary dysmenorrhea based on PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in rats. / 基于PI3K/Akt/mTORä¿¡å·é€šè·¯æŽ¢è®¨ç”µé’ˆæ²»ç–—åŽŸå‘æ€§ç—›ç»å¤§é¼ çš„æœºåˆ¶.

OBJECTIVES: To observe the effect of electroacupuncture(EA) on phosphatidylinositol-3-kinases(PI3K)/protein kinase B(Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR) signaling pathway of uterus tissue in rats with primary dysmenorrhea(PDM), so as to investigate its mechanisms underlying improvement of PDM. METHODS: Thirty healthy non-pregnant female SD rats were randomly divided into blank, model and EA groups, with 10 rats in each group. The PDM model was established by subcutaneous injection of estradiol diphenhydrate combined with intraperitoneal injection of oxytocin. For rats of the EA group, EA(50 Hz, a tolerable current intensity) was applied to "Guanyuan"(CV4) and bilateral "Sanyinjiao"(SP6) for 20 min, once a day for 10 consecutive days. The number of writhing, wri-thing score, and writhing latency were observed. The uterine histopathological changes were observed by H.E. staining, and the ultrastructural changes of uterine tissue cells in each group were observed by transmission electron microscopy. The contents of prostaglandin E2(PGE2), prostaglandin F2α(PGF2α) and ratios of PGF2α/PGE2 in the serum and uterine tissue were detected by ELISA. The relative expression levels of PI3K, Akt and mTOR and their phosphorylation proteins in the uterine tissue were detected by Western blot and the ratios were calculated. RESULTS: Compared with the blank group, the number and score of writhing, latency of writhing, pathological injury score, contents of PGF2α and ratios of PGF2α/PGE2 in the serum and uterine tissue, and the levels of p-PI3K/PI3K, p-Akt/Akt and p-mTOR/mTOR in the uterine tissue were significantly increased in the model group(P<0.01, P<0.05), while contents of PGE2 in the serum and uterine tissue were reduced(P<0.05). In comparison with the model group, the number of writhing and writhing score, pathological injury score, contents of PGF2α and ratios of PGF2α/PGE2 in both the serum and uterine tissue, the levels of p-PI3K/PI3K, p-Akt/Akt and p-mTOR/mTOR were obviously decreased(P<0.05, P<0.01), whereas the writhing latency was considerably prolonged in the EA group(P<0.01), with elevated contents of PGE2 in the serum and uterine tissue(P<0.05). H.E. staining showed slight dilation of uterine glandular cavity, and severe endometrial edema with extensive cell shedding and a large number of vacuole-like degeneration, apoptosis, pyknosis or fragmentation or disappearance of the nucleus, and neutrophil infiltration in the model group, which were relatively milder in the EA group. Ultrastructural results showed irregular fibroblasts of uterine tissue cells, obvious cytoplasmic edema, reduction in cytoplasmic electron density, seriously irregular nuclei, severe edema of mitochondria with dissolved matrix, fracture and disappearance of mitochondrial crests and vacuolation, and moderate dilation of rough endoplasmic reticulum in the model group, which were milder in the EA group. CONCLUSIONS: EA can improve pain and uterine inflammatory response in PDM rats, which may be associated with its functions in reducing uterine PGF2α and down-regulating PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling.

Nickel-catalysed asymmetric hydromonofluoromethylation of 1,3-enynes for enantioselective construction of monofluoromethyl-tethered chiral allenes.

An unprecedented nickel-catalysed enantioselective hydromonofluoromethylation of 1,3-enynes is developed, allowing the diverse access to monofluoromethyl-tethered axially chiral allenes, including the challenging deuterated monofluoromethyl (CD2F)-tethered ones that are otherwise inaccessible. It represents the first asymmetric 1,4-hydrofunctionalization of 1,3-enynes using low-cost asymmetric nickel catalysis, thus opening a new avenue for the activation of 1,3-enynes in reaction development. The utility is further verified by its broad substrate scope, good functionality tolerance, mild conditions, and diversified product elaborations toward other valuable fluorinated structures. Mechanistic experiments and DFT calculations provide insights into the reaction mechanism and the origin of the enantioselectivity.

Photoredox Nickel-Catalysed Stille Cross-Coupling Reactions.

The Stille cross-coupling reaction is one of the most common strategies for the construction of C-C bonds. Despite notable strides in the advancement of the Stille reaction, persistent challenges persist in hindering its greener evolution. These challenges encompass multiple facets, such as the high cost of precious metals and ligands, the demand for various additives, and the slow reaction rate. In comparison to the dominant palladium-catalysed Stille reactions, cost-effective nickel-catalysed systems lag behind, and enantioconvergent Stille reactions of racemic stannanes remain undeveloped. Herein, we present a pioneering instance of nickel-catalysed enantioconvergent Stille cross-coupling reactions of racemic stannane reagents, resulting in the formation of C-C bonds in good to high yields with excellent stereoselectivity. This strategy provides a practical, scalable, and operationally straightforward method for the synthesis of C(sp3 )-C(sp3 ), C(sp3 )-C(sp2 ), and C(sp3 )-C(sp) bonds under exceptionally mild conditions (without additives and bases, ambient temperature). The innovative use of synergistic photoredox/nickel catalysis enables a novel single-electron transmetalation process of stannane reagents, providing a new research paradigm of Stille reactions.

Acupoint Thread Embedding Combined With Wenshen Bugu Decoction for the Treatment of Aromatase Inhibitor-Associated Musculoskeletal Symptom Among Postmenopausal Breast Cancer Patients: Study Protocol of a Randomized Controlled Trial.

BACKGROUND: Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) are recommended as the preferred therapy for postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive (HR+) breast cancer. As a result, aromatase inhibitor-associated musculoskeletal symptom (AIMSS) have become a major problem leading to therapy discontinuation and decreased quality of life in patients receiving adjuvant AIs treatment. Multiple therapies have been attempted, but have yielded limited clinical results. This study will be performed to determine whether acupoint thread embedding (ATE) combined with Wenshen Bugu Decoction can effectively treat AIMSS, so as to improve the AIs medication compliance of postmenopausal breast cancer patients. METHODS: This study will utilize a randomized, 2 parallel groups controlled trial design. A total of 128 eligible postmenopausal breast cancer women with AIMSS will be randomized to receive a 12-week treatment with Wenshen Bugu Decoction alone (control group) or in combination with ATE (treatment group) in a 1:1 ratio. The primary outcome will be the 12 week Brief Pain Inventory Worst Pain (BPI-WP) score. The secondary outcome measures will include response rate, Brief Pain Inventory-Short Form (BFI-SF), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Endocrine Symptom (FACT-ES), Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast (FACT-B), bone marrow density (BMD), blood markers of bone metabolite, Morisky medication adherence scale-8 (MMAS-8), credibility and expectancy, and survival outcomes. DISCUSSION: This trial may provide clinical evidence that ATE combined with Wenshen Bugu Decoction can be beneficial for treating AIMSS among postmenopausal breast cancer survivors. Our findings will be helpful to enhance the quality of life and reduce the occurrence of AIs withdrawal.

Circular RNA_0000326 accelerates breast cancer development via modulation of the miR-9-3p/YAP1 axis.

Circular RNA (circ)_0000326 has been reported in bladder cancer and cervical cancer and is concerned to be involved with the development of cancerous cells. Whereas, there have been no reports concentrating on the influences of circ_0000326 in breast cancer (BC). Therefore, the latent modulatory mechanisms of circ_0000326 in BC are researched. circ_0000326 expression in BC tissues and correlative cells was evaluated via RT-qPCR, and the relevance between circ_0000326 expression and overall survival and the clinicopathological feature was also investigated. After a series of transfection, the effects of circ_0000326, microRNA-9-3p (miR-9-3p), and Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) in BC cell growth, invasion, and stemness were studied by CCK-8, flow cytometry, Transwell, and sphere-forming assays. The binding sites and correlation of circ_0000326, miR-9-3p, and YAP1 were certified via starBase website, luciferase reporter assay, and Pearson's χ2 test. The in vivo experiment was evaluated by establishing a subcutaneous tumorigenesis model. High-expressed circ_0000326 in BC tissues and cells was discovered, which was connected with an undesirable prognosis. Silencing of circ_0000326 visibly inhibited MCF-7 and BT549 cell growth, invasion, stemness, meanwhile declining the protein levels of SRY-related high-mobility group box gene 2 (SOX2) and octamer binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4). miR-9-3p was a sponger of circ_0000326, which was negatively regulated by circ_0000326. Moreover, YAP1 was confirmed as a target gene of miR-9-3p. circ_0000326 affected BC cell behaviors via mediating miR-9-3p and YAP1. Furthermore, circ_0000326 silencing prohibited tumor growth of BC in vivo. The research uncovered that circ_0000326 facilitated BC development via mediating the miR-9-3p/YAP1 axis.

A novel flap design technique for subtotal tongue reconstruction with an "Individualized and Convenient Tongue Model".

BACKGROUND: To achieve improved functional outcomes in subtotal tongue reconstruction, a flap design with sufficient volume and appropriate shape is necessary. In this study, we introduce an "Individualized and Convenient Tongue Model" (ICTM) for flap design in subtotal tongue reconstruction. METHODS: By studying the anatomical morphology of the tongue, we found a similar geometry within the dorsum and body of the tongue as well as the mouth floor. This can be used to create an ICTM through folding and splicing. We can simulate tongue defects in the ICTM and transform defect shapes into guide plates for flap design. In this study, fifty-eight patients requiring subtotal tongue reconstruction were randomly divided into two groups: an ICTM group (35 patients) and a conventional group (31 patients). In the ICTM group, we individually designed profunda artery perforator flaps (PAPFs) or anterolateral thigh flaps (ALTFs) using the ICTM method. In the conventional group, the flap was designed according to the surgeon's clinical experience. Patient demographics, operative and follow-up data were recorded. Swallowing, speech intelligibility, and cosmetic results were assessed using appropriate scales. RESULTS: All flaps survived, although there were no significant differences in tumor size, operation time, flap size, and complication rate compared to the conventional group. Patients in the ICTM group had significantly improved speech intelligibility (p = 0.019), cosmetic appearance (p = 0.009), and swallowing ability (p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: The ICTM technique is an effective and convenient solution for subtotal tongue reconstruction that provides an individualized flap design and improves functional outcomes compared to the conventional design.

[Effects of electroacupuncture on N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor and mitogen activated protein kinase in spinal cord of rats with primary dysmenorrhea].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) on the expression levels of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2, p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in the spinal cord of rats with primary dysmenoramia (PDM), so as to explore the underlying mechanism of EA treating PDM. METHODS: Thirty female SD rats were randomly divided into normal group, model group and EA group, with 10 rats in each group. The PDM rat model was established by subcutaneous injection of estradiol benzoate and oxytocin into the thigh. At the same time of modeling, rats in the EA group were treated with EA (50 Hz) at "Sanyinjiao" (SP36) and "Guanyuan" (CV4) once daily, 20 min each time, for 10 consecutive days. The writhing times, writhing score and writhing latency were observed within 30 min after oxytocin injection. The uterine pathological morphology was observed by HE staining, and pathological score was calculated. Serum prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were determined by ELISA. The protein expression levels of NMDAR, ERK1/2, p38MAPK and JNK in spinal cord were detected by Western blot. RESULTS: Compared with the normal group, the writhing times and writhing score were significantly increased (P<0.05); the endometrial epithelial cells showed vacuolar degeneration, death and hyperemia, the uterine pathological score was increased (P<0.05); the content of serum PGF2α and the ratio of PGF2α/PGE2 were significantly increased (P<0.01), while the content of serum PGE2 was significantly decreased (P<0.01); the expression levels of NMDAR, ERK1/2, p38MAPK and JNK in spinal cord were significantly increased (P<0.05, P<0.01) in the model group. Compared with the model group, the writhing times and writhing score were significantly decreased (P<0.05), the writhing latency was prolonged (P<0.05); the endometrial epithelial cells still showed vacuolar degeneration, death and hyperemia, and the uterine pathological score was decreased (P<0.01); the content of serum PGF2α and the ratio of PGF2α/PGE2 were significantly decreased (P<0.01), while the content of serum PGE2 was significantly increased (P<0.01); the protein expression levels of ERK1/2 and JNK in spinal cord were significantly decreased (P<0.01) in the EA group. CONCLUSION: EA intervention at SP36 and GV4 has obvious analgesic effect on PDM rats, and its mechanisms may be related to reducing serum prostaglandin, alleviating uterine inflammation, and inhibiting the protein expressions of NMDAR, ERK1/2, p38 MAPK and JNK in spinal cord.

Daphnane-type diterpenoids from Stellera chamaejasme L. and their inhibitory activity against hepatocellular carcinoma cells.

Daphnane-type diterpenoids, which are scarce in nature, exhibit potent growth-inhibitory activities against various cancer cells. To identify more daphnane-type diterpenoids, the phytochemical components in the root extracts of Stellera chamaejasme L. were analysed in this study using the Global Natural Products Social platform and the MolNetEnhancer tool. Three undescribed 1α-alkyldaphnane-type diterpenoids (1-3; named stelleradaphnanes A-C) and 15 known analogues were isolated and characterised. The structures of these compounds were determined using ultraviolet and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The stereo configurations of the compounds were determined using electronic circular dichroism. Next, the growth-inhibitory activities of isolated compounds against HepG2 and Hep3B cells were examined. Compound 3 exhibited potent growth-inhibitory activities against HepG2 and Hep3B cells with half-maximal inhibitory concentration values of 9.73 and 15.97 µM, respectively. Morphological and staining analyses suggested that compound 3 induced apoptosis in HepG2 and Hep3B cells.

Positive correlation between latent Epstein-Barr virus infection and severity of illness in inflammatory bowel disease patients.

BACKGROUND: Emerging studies indicate the critical involvement of microorganisms, such as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Immunosuppressive therapies for IBD can reactivate latent EBV, complicating the clinical course of IBD. Moreover, the clinical significance of EBV expression in B lymphocytes derived from IBD patients' intestinal tissues has not been explored in detail. AIM: To explore the clinical significance of latent EBV infection in IBD patients. METHODS: Latent EBV infection was determined by double staining for EBV encoded RNA and CD20 in colon specimens of 43 IBD patients who underwent bowel resection. Based on the staining results, the patients were divided into two groups, according to their latent EBV infection states - negative (n = 33) and positive (n = 10). Illness severity of IBD were assigned according to Crohn's disease activity index (ulcerative colitis) and Mayo staging system (Crohn's disease). The clinic-pathological data were analyzed between the two different latent EBV groups and also between the mild-to-moderate and severe disease groups. RESULTS: Systolic pressure (P = 0.005), variety of disease (P = 0.005), the severity of illness (P = 0.002), and pre-op corticosteroids (P = 0.025) were significantly different between the EBV-negative and EBV-positive groups. Systolic pressure (P = 0.001), variety of disease (P = 0.000), pre-op corticosteroids (P = 0.011) and EBV infection (P = 0.003) were significantly different between the mild-to-moderate and severe disease groups. CONCLUSION: IBD patients with latent EBV infection may manifest more severe illnesses. It is suggested that the role of EBV in IBD development should be further investigated, latent EBV infection in patients with serious IBD should be closely monitored, and therapeutic course should be optimized.

CEBPD is a master transcriptional factor for hypoxia regulated proteins in glioblastoma and augments hypoxia induced invasion through extracellular matrix-integrin mediated EGFR/PI3K pathway.

Hypoxia contributes to the initiation and progression of glioblastoma by regulating a cohort of genes called hypoxia-regulated genes (HRGs) which form a complex molecular interacting network (HRG-MINW). Transcription factors (TFs) often play central roles for MINW. The key TFs for hypoxia induced reactions were explored using proteomic analysis to identify a set of hypoxia-regulated proteins (HRPs) in GBM cells. Next, systematic TF analysis identified CEBPD as a top TF that regulates the greatest number of HRPs and HRGs. Clinical sample and public database analysis revealed that CEBPD is significantly up-regulated in GBM, high levels of CEBPD predict poor prognosis. In addition, CEBPD is highly expressed in hypoxic condition both in GBM tissue and cell lines. For molecular mechanisms, HIF1α and HIF2α can activate the CEBPD promotor. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that CEBPD knockdown impaired the invasion and growth capacity of GBM cells, especially in hypoxia condition. Next, proteomic analysis identified that CEBPD target proteins are mainly involved in the EGFR/PI3K pathway and extracellular matrix (ECM) functions. WB assays revealed that CEBPD significantly positively regulated EGFR/PI3K pathway. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) qPCR/Seq analysis and Luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that CEBPD binds and activates the promotor of a key ECM protein FN1 (fibronectin). In addition, the interactions of FN1 and its integrin receptors are necessary for CEBPD-induced EGFR/PI3K activation by promoting EGFR phosphorylation. Furthermore, GBM sample analysis in the database corroborated that CEBPD is positively correlated with the pathway activities of EGFR/PI3K and HIF1α, especially in highly hypoxic samples. At last, HRPs are also enriched in ECM proteins, indicating that ECM activities are important components of hypoxia induced responses in GBM. In conclusion, CEPBD plays important regulatory roles in the GBM HRG-MINW as a key TF, which activates the EGFR/PI3K pathway through ECM, especially FN1, mediated EGFR phosphorylation.

Performance of a superamphiphobic self-cleaning passive subambient daytime radiative cooling coating on grain and oil storage structures.

The thermal performance of a novel exterior coating material for commonly used grain and food-grain oil structures was investigated. Grain structures included a concrete squat silo and a concrete warehouse while the edible oil structure was a concrete sided tank. The exterior coating provided excellent moisture runoff and solar reflectance properties and is best described as a superamphiphobic self-cleaning passive subambient daytime radiative cooling (SSC-PSDRC) coating. The coating exhibited a remarkable subambient daytime cooling effect in various structures in different climatic regions. Compared with the roof surface temperatures of a cool white-coated concrete grain silo and a gray carbon iron-based edible oil storage tank, those of the PSDRC coated top surfaces could be reduced by 37 °C and 33 °C, respectively. The roof surface temperature of a warehouse painted with a cool-white coating-with a solar reflectance of 0.9 and an emissivity of 0.85-and that of a warehouse with the roof installed with aluminised polymer waterproof membranes were 19 °C and 18 °C higher than that of the PSDRC warehouse, respectively. Consequently, the interior temperature of the wheat pile in the PSDRC grain silo was 10 °C lower than that in the control squat silo. With the inner loop flow temperature control system operating, the interior air temperatures of the PSDRC west-facing separate space were 6 °C and 3 °C higher than those of the cool-white coated and control west-facing separate spaces, respectively. Even after the application of PSDRC coating for only a few days, the interior air temperature of the PSDRC oil storage tank was reduced by 38 °C, and the interior temperature of the oil storage tank was reduced by 4 °C. Furthermore, in practical applications, the coating showed impressive superamphiphobic self-cleaning capabilities and super aging resistance. The wide applications of the coating would have far-reaching, global implications for maintaining grain and edible oil products, particularly in the sub-tropical climates.

[Effect of electroacupuncture intervention on relieving pain and inflammation by suppressing TLR4/NF-κB signaling in rats with primary dysmenorrhea].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the mechanism of electroacupuncture(EA) intervention in rats with primary dysmenorrhea(PDM) based on the Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)/nuclear factor(NF)-κB signaling pathway. METHODS: Forty female SD rats were randomly divided into blank control, model, EA and medication groups, with 10 rats in each group. PDM rat model was established by subcutaneous injection of estradiol benzoate combined with intraperitoneal injection of oxytocin. At the same time of model procedures, EA(50 Hz, dense wave) was applied to "Guanyuan" (CV4) and bilateral "Sanyinjiao" (SP6) of rats in the EA group, with needles retained for 20 min, for 10 consecutive days. Rats in the medication group received ibuprofen(125 mg/100 mL, 0.8 mL) by gavage for 10 consecutive days. At the 11th day, writhing behavior of rats was assessed. Uterine morphology was observed by eyes and uterine pathological changes were observed after HE staining. Content of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) in serum and uterine tissues was detected by ELISA; NF-κB p65 positive expression in nucleus was detected by immunofluorescence; protein expression levels of TLR4, NF-κB p65, p-NF-κB p65 and inflammatory factors interleukin (IL) -1ß and IL-18 were detected by Western blot. RESULTS: After modeling, uterus tissues were congested and edematous, with necrosis of luminal epithelium, severe edema and extensive shedding of endometrium, nuclear pyknosis, fragmentation and disappearance, neutrophils infiltration, and slight expansion of glandular cavity, which was milder in the EA and the medication groups. Compared with the blank control group, writhing times, scores and incubation period, HE pathological scores, PGF2α contents in serum and uterine tissues, ratio of NF-κB p65 positive expression in nucleus, TLR4, NF-κB p65, p-NF-κB p65, IL-1ß and IL-18 protein expression levels in uterine tissues of rats in the model group were all significantly increased(P<0.01), while PGE2 contents in serum and uterine tissues were significantly decreased(P<0.01). Compared with the model group, writhing times and scores, HE pathological scores, PGF2α contents in serum and uterine tissues, ratio of NF-κB p65 positive expression in nucleus, TLR4, NF-κB p65, p-NF-κB p65, IL-1ß and IL-18 protein expression levels in uterine tissues of rats in the EA and medication group were all significantly decreased(P<0.01), while writhing incubation period, PGE2 contents in serum and uterine tissues were significantly increased(P<0.05, P<0.01). CONCLUSION: EA intervention could relieve inflammatory response and pain in PDM rats, which may be related to its effect in reducing TLR4 expression, inhibiting NF-κB activation and down-regulating inflammatory factors levels of IL-1ß and IL-18.

A coumarin-based fluorescent probe: single-wavelength excitation, discrimination of Cys/Hcy and GSH by naked eyes.

Biothiols mainly include cysteine (Cys), homocysteine (Hcy) and glutathione (GSH), which play an important role in life activities and abnormal changes in their concentrations are closely related to certain diseases. Therefore, the quantitative tracking and analysis of biothiols in living organisms has become a hot research topic in recent years. In this work, a coumarin-based fluorescent probe COUN was designed and synthesized for the comparable color recognition of Cys/Hcy and GSH by introducing the phenylethynyl group as the recognition site of biothiols, which showed significant fluorescence enhancement and green fluorescence under the UV light at 365 nm. The probe specifically recognized Hcy, showing 40-fold fluorescence enhancement and strong green fluorescence at 492 nm. Moreover, there was a good linear relationship between the fluorescence intensity of the probe and certain concentrations of Cys/Hcy and GSH, with detection limits of 36.6 nM, 86.4 nM, and 174 nM, respectively. The recognition mechanism of COUN to distinguish Cys/Hcy and GSH was studied by TDDFT calculations. More importantly, COUN was successfully used for imaging biothiols in living cells. The results showed that this probe could provide an effective contribution to the understanding of the role of biothiols, especially Hcy.

Outcomes of a novel all-inside arthroscopic anterior talofibular ligament repair for chronic ankle instability.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to introduce a novel all-inside arthroscopic anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) repair for chronic ankle instability (CAI) with a knotless suture anchor technique-Hugging Repair, evaluate clinical outcomes, and analyze the associated risk factors. METHODS: A total of 84 patients (42 males and 42 females, mean age: 36.1 ± 11.2 years, range: 19-68 years) who underwent Hugging Repair from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2018, were enrolled in this retrospective study. The American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score, Karlsson Ankle Functional Score (KAFS), Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS), Tegner score, and Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) were evaluated pre-operatively and at final follow-up. The potential risk factors such as age, body mass index (BMI), sex, post-injury duration (time from injury to surgery), follow-up time, number of anchors, concomitant injuries [e.g., osteochondral defects (OCD), sinus tarsi syndrome (STS), anterior ankle impingement (AAI)], first-time treatment, and number of ankle sprains were also analyzed through multiple regression analysis. RESULTS: There were 68 (81%) patients followed up for a mean time of 42 (range: 35-50) months. The median AOFAS score increased from 65 (35-72) to 90 (77-100), KAFS increased from 64 (38-71) to 90 (62-100), FAOS increased from 68 (50-70) to 97 (68-100), Tegner score increased from 1 (1-3) to 4 (2-7), and NRS increased from 3.5 (2-5) to 1 (0-3). No correlation was found between the functional scores and risk factors mentioned above. In the multivariate model, age was significantly negatively associated with KAFS, FAOS, and Tegner activity scale (P = 0.013; P = 0.002; P = 0.000); female was significantly associated with poorer Tegner activity scale (P = 0.004); and the presence of concomitant injuries was significantly negatively associated with AOFAS score (P = 0.033). CONCLUSION: The novel all-inside arthroscopic ATFL repair for CAI with a knotless suture anchor technique-Hugging Repair is a safe and suitable technique that achieves satisfactory clinical outcomes and provides an effective option for the treatment of CAI. Risk factors for patients who underwent all-inside ATFL repair were older age, female sex, and concomitant injuries.