Research on risk factors of ischemic cerebrovascular disease in postmenopausal women based on the social-ecological model.

OBJECTIVE: Based on the social-ecological model, this study aimed to comprehensively explore factors affecting the risk of ischemic cerebrovascular disease (ICVD) in postmenopausal women to provide theoretical bases for further prevention and intervention for postmenopausal women. METHODS: Postmenopausal women who underwent medical examinations in one health-checkup agency in Tianjin from May 2015 to October 2015 were enrolled in this study. The ICVD 10-year Risk Assesment Form developed by the research team of the National "Tenth Five-Year Plan" research project was used to assess the factors affecting the risk of ICVD. Based on the social-ecological model, multiple types of scales, including physical activities, depression, Type D personality, social supports, and environment score, were used to comprehensively explore the factors associated with ICVD in postmenopausal women. RESULTS: 300 valid questionnaires were obtained, with an effective rate of 92.0%. The subjects aged 44-74 years, with the average age of 62.06 ± 7.09 years. Among them, 58.67% of the subjects only obtained high-school diploma, 32.67% obtained college or university diploma, 90.33% were retirees, 95.33% were married, 92.33% experienced the natural menopause, 93.33% lived in urban or suburban areas, and 1.00% had a history of breast cancer. Multivariate logistic regression analysis suggested that monthly income (¥), parity, exposure to second-hand or third-hand smoke, easy access to healthy food, physical activities, depression, Type D personality, social support and environmental factors were associated with the risk of ICVD in postmenopausal women (P < 0.05). Among them, easy access to healthy food (OR = 0.242), social support (OR = 0.861) and environmental factors (OR = 0.866) were protective factors from ICVD. OR < 1 indicates that the exposure factor is negatively correlated with the disease, and the exposure factor has a protective effect on preventing the occurrence of the disease. Parity (OR = 3.795), exposure to second-hand or third-hand smoke (OR = 2.886), depression (OR = 1.193), and Type D personality (OR = 1.148) were risk factors of ICVD. OR > 1 means that the exposure factor is positively correlated with the disease, and the exposure factor increases the risk of disease occurrence. CONCLUSIONS: For postmenopausal women, in the future, in addition to prevention and management of the conventional risks, the conditions of their mentality and social support should be paid attention to, at the same time, and if they can, try to choose a good community environment to live in, which could better reduce the incidence and mortality of ICVD in postmenopausal women.

Holmium laser treatment of genital warts: an observational study of 1500 cases.

The treatment and relapse rate of genital warts are significant problems. The aim of this observational study was to assess the efficacy of holmium laser treatment of genital warts. A total of 1500 outpatients with genital human papillomavirus-induced lesions presenting from August 2002 to June 2005 were treated with holmium laser. The effects and side-effects of treatment were observed and analysed. Of this large cohort, lesions were excised at the first visit in 1488 cases. Twelve cases were treated a second or third time in the event that the lesions were too large to be removed at the first visit. The incidence of side-effects and complications after treatment with holmium laser was found to be low. Almost all warts can be excised at first treatment by holmium laser therapy with little bleeding during the treatment.