RESUMO
PURPOSE: This study aims to investigate the association between antihypertensive use and the risk of cataract in a matched case-control study. METHODS: We analysed the Korean National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening Cohort database from 2002 to 2013. We defined 'cases' as patients prescribed antihypertensives and underwent their first eye cataract surgery between 2010 and 2013. 'Controls' were patients prescribed antihypertensives and no history of cataract surgery or diagnosis between 2002 and 2013. Four controls were matched to each case by several variables. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated for cataract risk using a conditional logistic regression model after adjustment. RESULTS: The analyses comprised 12,166 cases and 48,664 controls. The adjusted ORs for cataracts were 1.18 (95% CI: 1.12-1.24) in thiazide diuretics, 1.12 (95% CI: 1.07-1.18) in beta-blockers, 0.94 (95% CI: 0.90-1.00) in calcium channel blockers, 1.22 (95% CI: 1.14-1.30) in angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, and 0.97 (95% CI: 0.91-1.03) in angiotensin II receptor blockers compared to 'non-use' of each antihypertensive. CONCLUSION: In a nationwide case-control study, the use of thiazide diuretics, beta-blockers, or ACE inhibitors do not represent minimal clinical important difference in the risk of cataract and the use of calcium channel blockers or angiotensin II receptor blockers is not associated with an increased risk of cataracts compared to non-use of each antihypertensive. Given the benefits of treating hypertension, such as the reduction in further complications, we suggest there is no need to change current clinical practice for antihypertensives.
Assuntos
Catarata , Hipertensão , Humanos , Anti-Hipertensivos/efeitos adversos , Bloqueadores dos Canais de Cálcio/efeitos adversos , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Inibidores de Simportadores de Cloreto de Sódio/uso terapêutico , Hipertensão/tratamento farmacológico , Hipertensão/epidemiologia , Hipertensão/induzido quimicamente , Inibidores da Enzima Conversora de Angiotensina/efeitos adversos , Antagonistas Adrenérgicos beta/efeitos adversos , Catarata/induzido quimicamente , Catarata/epidemiologia , Catarata/complicações , Antagonistas de Receptores de Angiotensina/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Using in silico approaches, we cloned a novel mouse gene (mbu-1) that was strictly expressed in the central nervous system. mbu-1 was first identified as an EST after carrying out digital differential display for unigene libraries from various mouse tissues. The full-length cDNA sequence was obtained by extending the ends of EST by RACE. The cDNA sequence was 2611 bp long and contained an ORF of 597 AA. A positive cis-acting region was found in the neuroblastomaxglioma hybrid, NG108-15, and in human embryonic kidney HEK293 cell lines. RT-PCR and in situ hybridization analysis showed that the mbu-1 gene was only expressed in the brain and spinal cord during the embryonic stages, and throughout all regions of the adult brain, showing higher levels in the hippocampus and hypothalamus.
Assuntos
Encéfalo/metabolismo , Proteínas do Tecido Nervoso/genética , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Animais , Sequência de Bases , Encéfalo/embriologia , Encéfalo/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Linhagem Celular , Clonagem Molecular , Primers do DNA/genética , DNA Complementar/genética , Etiquetas de Sequências Expressas , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Regulação da Expressão Gênica no Desenvolvimento , Humanos , Hibridização In Situ , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos ICR , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Proteínas do Tecido Nervoso/metabolismo , Fases de Leitura Aberta , Regiões Promotoras Genéticas , Ratos , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Homologia de Sequência de Aminoácidos , TransfecçãoRESUMO
We identified 13 transcript isoforms of a trinucleotide-repeat-containing gene, cag-8, that is expressed almost exclusively in the mouse brain. The polypeptide deduced from the cDNA consists of 137 AAs, of which 74 are glutamines. The 130-kb gene is composed of 16 exons, from which at least 13 isoforms with variable UTRs are formed by alternative splicing. A strong positive cis-acting element was found in the neuroblastomaxglioma hybrid NG108-15 and human embryonic kidney HEK293 cell lines. The cag-8 protein was localized in the cytosol and in granular bodies within the nucleus. These findings indicate that cag-8 is a novel poly(Q)-encoding gene, the expression of which is confined primarily to the brain.
Assuntos
Encéfalo/metabolismo , Proteínas do Tecido Nervoso/metabolismo , Peptídeos/metabolismo , Regiões Promotoras Genéticas/fisiologia , Processamento Alternativo , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Animais , Sequência de Bases , DNA Complementar/análise , Camundongos , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Proteínas do Tecido Nervoso/genética , Peptídeos/genética , Frações SubcelularesRESUMO
Using in silico approaches and RACE we cloned a full length trinucleotide (CAG) repeat-containing cDNA (cag-3). The cDNA is 2478 bp long and the deduced polypeptide consists of 140 amino acids of which 73 are glutamines. The genomic sequence spans approximately 79 kb on mouse chromosome 7 and the gene is composed of four exons. Standard and real-time PCR analyses of several mouse tissues showed that the gene is exclusively expressed in the brain and is not detected in embryonic stages. Within the brain, it is expressed throughout the forebrain region with predominant expression in the hypothalamus and olfactory bulb and very low levels in the mid- and hindbrain.