Potential role of resveratrol in prevention and therapy of diabetic complications: a critical review.

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a category of metabolic conditions affecting about 5% of people worldwide. High mortality associated with DM is mostly due to its severe clinical complications, including diabetic nephropathy, retinopathy, neuropathy, and cardiomyopathy. Resveratrol (RSV) is a natural, biologically active polyphenol known to have various health-promoting effects in animal models and humans. Objective: In this review, we have reviewed the preventive and therapeutic role of RSV on diabetes complications with emphasis on its molecular mechanisms of action. Methods: To prepare this review, all the basic and clinical available literatures regarding this topic were gathered through electronic databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Therefore, we summarized previous studies that have evaluated the effects of RSV on diabetic complications and their mechanisms. Only English language studies published up to January 2023 were included in this review. Results: RSV improves glucose homeostasis, decreases insulin resistance, induces autophagy, regulates lipid metabolism, protects pancreatic ß-cells, ameliorates metabolic disorders, and increases the GLUT4 expression. These effects induced by RSV are strongly associated with ability of this polyphenol agent to elevation expression/activity of AMP-activated protein kinase and Sirtuin 1 in various organs of diabetic subjects, which leads to prevention and therapy of diabetic complications. In addition, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of RSV were reported to be involved in its action in diabetic complications, such as retinopathy and nephropathy. Conclusion: RSV is a promising compound for improving diabetic complications. However, the exact antidiabetic mechanisms of RSV need to be further investigated.

Metabolomic study of serum in patients with invasive ductal breast carcinoma with LC-MS/MS approach.

BACKGROUND: Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) is the most common type of breast cancer so its early detection can lead to a significant decrease in mortality rate. However, prognostic factors for IDC are not adequate and we need novel markers for the treatment of different individuals. Although positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging techniques are available, they are based on morphological features that do not provide any clue for molecular events accompanying cancer progression. In recent years, "omics" approaches have been extensively developed to propose novel molecular signatures of cancers as putative biomarkers, especially in biofluids. Therefore, a mass spectrometry-based metabolomics investigation was performed to find some putative metabolite markers of IDC and potential metabolites with prognostic value related to the estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, lymphovascular invasion, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2. METHODS: An untargeted metabolomics study of IDC patients was performed by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The multivariate principal component analysis by XCMS online built a model that could separate the study groups and define the significantly altered m/z parameters. The most important biological pathways were also identified by pathway enrichment analysis. RESULTS: The results showed that the significantly altered metabolites in IDC serum samples mostly belonged to amino acids and lipids. The most important involved pathways included arginine and proline metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, and phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis. CONCLUSIONS: Significantly altered metabolites in IDC serum samples compared to healthy controls could lead to the development of metabolite-based potential biomarkers after confirmation with other methods and in large cohorts.

Lavandula angustifolia Effects on Rat Models of Alzheimer's Disease Through the Investigation of Serum Metabolic Features Using NMR Metabolomics.

BACKGROUND: Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is the most prevalent cause of memory impairment in the elderly population, but the diagnosis and treatment of the disease is still challenging. Lavender aqueous extract has recently been shown to have the potential in clearing Amyloid-beta plaques from AD rat hippocampus. To elucidate the therapeutic mechanisms of lavender, serum metabolic fingerprint of Aß-induced rat Alzheimer's models was investigated through nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry. METHODS: For the establishment of rat Alzheimer's models, 10 µg of Amyloid beta 1-42 was injected to male Wistar rats. The lavender aqueous extract was injected 20 days after the establishment of the models, once daily for 20 days. Serum samples were collected and metabolite fingerprints were obtained using 500 MHz 1H-NMR spectrometry, following multivariate statistical analyses. The resulted metabolites were then subjected to pathway analysis tools to reveal metabolic pathways affected by the lavender extract treatment. RESULTS: Levels of 10 metabolite markers including alanine, glutamine, serine, isoleucine, valine, carnitine, isobutyrate, pantothenate, glucose and asparagine were reversed nearly to control values after treatment with lavender extract. The results revealed that the most significantly affected pathways during treatment with lavender extract belonged to carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism, including pantothenate and CoA metabolism, glyoxilate and dicarboxylate metabolism, alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, cysteine and methionine metabolism. CONCLUSION: As lavender extract reversed the direction of changes of some metabolites involved in AD pathogenesis, it was concluded that the extract might play a role in the disease improvement and serve as a potential therapeutic option for the treatment of AD. Moreover, the metabolites which were found in AD rats could serve as a potential marker panel for the disease; however, much further investigation and validation of the results is needed.