RESUMO
Soybean-derived isoflavones have been investigated for their preventative effects against UV-induced symptoms of skin damage including wrinkle formation and inflammation. Haematococcus pluvialis is a freshwater species of Chlorophyta that contains high concentrations of the natural carotenoid pigment astaxanthin. Astaxanthin is known to be involved in retinoic acid receptor (RAR) signaling and previously been associated with the inhibition of activator protein (AP)-1 dependent transcription. Based on previous studies, we hypothesized that a combination of soy extract (SE) and Haematococcus extract (HE) may prevent UVB-induced photoaging through specific signaling pathways, as measured by UVB-induced wrinkling on hairless mice skin and expression changes in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). The 1:2 ratio of SE and HE mixture (SHM) showed the optimal benefit in vivo. SHM was found to inhibit wrinkle formation via the downregulation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 mRNA and protein expression. SHM also inhibited mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation and the transactivation of AP-1 which plays an important role in regulating MMP expression. These results highlight the potential for SHM to be developed as a therapeutic agent to prevent UVB-induced skin wrinkling.
Assuntos
Clorófitas/química , Glycine max/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Envelhecimento da Pele/efeitos dos fármacos , Envelhecimento da Pele/efeitos da radiação , Raios Ultravioleta/efeitos adversos , Administração Oral , Animais , Senescência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Senescência Celular/efeitos da radiação , Colágeno/metabolismo , Epiderme/efeitos dos fármacos , Epiderme/metabolismo , Epiderme/patologia , Epiderme/efeitos da radiação , Fibroblastos/efeitos dos fármacos , Fibroblastos/metabolismo , Fibroblastos/efeitos da radiação , Metaloproteinase 1 da Matriz/genética , Metaloproteinase 1 da Matriz/metabolismo , Camundongos , Camundongos Nus , Extratos Vegetais/administração & dosagem , Proteólise , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos da radiação , Fatores de Tempo , Inibidor Tecidual de Metaloproteinase-1/metabolismoRESUMO
The present study examined the effects of Tremella fuciformis (TF) on the learning and memory function and the neural activity in rats with trimethyltin (TMT)-induced memory deficits. The rats were administered saline or TF (TF 25, 50, 100 mg/kg, p.o.) daily for 21 days. The cognitive improving efficacy of TF on the amnesic rats, which was induced by TMT, was investigated by assessing the Morris water maze test and by performing Choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and cAMP responsive element binding protein (CREB) immunohistochemistry. In order to confirm the underlying mechanisms of the memory enhancing effects of TF, we assessed the neurite outgrowth of PC12 cells. We also administered 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose and performed a PET scan of the frontal lobe. The rats with TMT injection showed impaired learning and memory of the tasks and treatment with TF produced a significant improvement of the escape latency to find the platform in the Morris water maze compared to that of the control group. In the retention test, the TF50 group showed increased time spent around the platform compared to that of the control group. Consistent with the behavioral data, TF50 mg/kg significantly alleviated the loss of ChAT-ir neurons in the hippocampus compared to that of the control group. Treatment with TF significantly increased the CREB positive neurons in the hippocampal CA1 area as compared to that of the control group. In addition, TF treatment (50 mg/kg) increased the glucose uptake approximately sevenfold in the frontal lobe and it significantly promoted neurite outgrowth of the PC12 cells, as compared to that of the controls. These results suggest that TF may be useful for improving the cognitive function via regulation of the CREB signaling pathway and cholinergic system in the hippocampus.
Assuntos
Proteína de Ligação a CREB/metabolismo , Colinérgicos/metabolismo , Transtornos da Memória/tratamento farmacológico , Neuritos/efeitos dos fármacos , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/uso terapêutico , Polissacarídeos/uso terapêutico , Análise de Variância , Animais , Colina O-Acetiltransferase/metabolismo , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Fluordesoxiglucose F18 , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Hipocampo/metabolismo , Hipocampo/patologia , Masculino , Aprendizagem em Labirinto/efeitos dos fármacos , Transtornos da Memória/induzido quimicamente , Transtornos da Memória/diagnóstico por imagem , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/farmacologia , Células PC12/citologia , Polissacarídeos/farmacologia , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Fatores de Tempo , Compostos de Trimetilestanho/toxicidadeRESUMO
Antithrombotic and fibrinolytic activity of natto was evaluated on platelet aggregation in vitro and in vivo. Natto showed inhibitory effects on platelet aggregation induced by adenosine 5'diphosphate (ADP) and collagen. Orally administered natto also showed fibrinolytic activity in hypercholesterolemia rats. Normal levels of natto, when administered for four weeks, shortened euglobulin clot lysis time (ECLT) and prolonged partial thromboplastin time (PATT) significantly compared to non-treated group. In addition, the natto treatment decreased total cholesterol in serum. These results showed that intake of normal levels of natto can elicit antithrombotic and fibrinolytic effects, suggesting its consumption may improve blood circulation.