Correlation of serum IL-2 and IFN-γ levels with clinical prognosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients and analysis of risk factors.

Background: This study aims to investigate the correlation between serum levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferong (IFN-g) and the clinical prognosis of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Additionally, the study aims to analyse the risk factors associated with this correlation. Methods: The clinical data of 195 NPC patients admitted to our hospital from October 2020 to October 2022 were selected for a retrospective study. Based on the Glasgow score, patients were divided into two groups: the good prognosis group (group g), consisting of patients who scored 0 points, and the poor prognosis group (group p), consisting of patients who scored 1-2 points. The levels of serum IL-2 and IFN-g were compared between the two groups, and the clinical values of serum IL-2 and IFN-g in the prognosis of patients were analysed. The clinical parameters of the patients were collected, and the risk factors affecting the prognosis of NPC were analysed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression.

Association between peripheral eosinophilia, JESREC score, and olfactory dysfunction in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis.

Objective: The purpose was to evaluate the relationship between peripheral eosinophilia, Japan Epidemiological Survey of Refractory Eosinophilic Chronic Rhinosinusitis (JESREC) score, and olfactory dysfunction in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) patients and to explore the accuracy and specific cut points of the JESREC score in predicting olfactory dysfunction. Methods: In this cross-sectional, retrospective study, olfactory function was assessed by the Sniffin' Sticks 12-item test and multivariate logistic regression analyses were carried out. Receiver operating characteristic curves were plotted to derive accuracy and cutoff values for the JESREC scores of the olfactory dysfunction criterion. Results: A total of 354 patients [mean (SD) age, 50.0 (14.9) years; 41.8% women] were included in the final analysis. The prevalence of olfactory dysfunction was 46.3%. Individuals who had olfactory dysfunction were more likely to be male (64.6% vs. 52.6%), have eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (ECRS) (39.0% vs. 7.9%), have a longer course of CRS (2.3 years vs. 1.5 years), have higher JESREC scores (8.5 vs. 4.5), and have higher proportions of nasal polyps (78.7% vs. 18.9%) and peripheral eosinophilia (3.3% vs. 1.4%). In logistic analysis, the percentage of eosinophils (1.25, 1.13-1.37), JESREC score (1.31, 1.22-1.40), bilateral lesion (2.06, 1.25-3.41), nasal polyps (15.83, 9.23-27.16), CT shadow (2.73, 1.69-4.43), and ECRS (6.86, 3.68-12.80) were associated with olfactory dysfunction in CRS patients after controlling for covariates, while peripheral neutrophils were not significant. In addition, the area under the curve was 0.778 and the cutoff value for JESREC score for olfactory dysfunction was defined as 5.5. Conclusions: Peripheral eosinophilia and high JESREC scores were significantly associated with the risk of olfactory dysfunction in CRS patients, and special attention should be paid to patients with a JESREC score ≥6.

Circ_KATNAL1 promotes the inflammation and apoptosis in human middle ear epithelial cells induced by lipopolysaccharide by regulating the miR-153-3p / TLR4 axis.

The purpose of this experiment was to explore the effects and mechanism of circ_KATNAL1 on inflammatory injury and apoptosis of human middle ear epithelial cells (HMEECs) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). For this aim, the cell inflammatory injury model was established by HMEECs cells induced by LPS. It was divided into a blank control, model, circ_KATNAL1 and circ_KATNAL1 + LPS groups. The cell viability was detected by the MTT method. The apoptosis rate of each group was detected by flow cytometry. The cell migration ability of each group was detected by cell scratch assay. The mRNA expression levels of miR-153-3p and TLR4 in the cells of each group were detected by RT -PCR method. The protein expressions of BCL-2 and TLR4 in the cells of each group were detected by WB method. The levels of IL-6 and TNF-α were detected by ELISA method. Results showed that compared with the control group, the cell viability in the model group was decreased, the cell apoptosis rate was increased, the cell migration ability was weakened, the mRNA expression level of miR-153-3p and protein expression level of BCL-2 in the cells were decreased, and the mRNA and protein expression levels of TLR4 were increased and the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in the cell supernatant were increased. Compared with the model group, the cell viability in the circ_KATNAL1 group was increased, the cell apoptosis rate was decreased, and the cell migration ability was increased, the mRNA expression level of miR-153-3p and BCL-2 protein expression level in the cells were increased, the mRNA and protein expression levels of TLR4 were decreased, and the contents of IL-6 and TNF-α in the cell supernatant were decreased. Compared with the model group, the cell viability in the circ_KATNAL1 + LPS group was decreased, cell apoptosis rate was increased, cell migration ability was weakened, the mRNA expression level of miR-153-3p and protein expression level of BCL-2 in cells were decreased, mRNA and protein expression levels of TLR4 were increased, and the content of IL-6 and TNF-α in the cell supernatant were increased. The differences were all statistically significant (P ﹤0.05). It showed that LPS could promote cell injury by increasing inflammatory cell pyroptosis, and the abnormal expression of circ_KATNAL1 played an important role in cell inflammation induced by LPS. Up-regulation of circ_KATNAL1 could promote inflammatory pyroptosis in HMEECs induced by LPS. miR-153-5p and TLR4 were downstream targets of circ_KATNAL1. The inhibition of miR- 153-5p or up-regulation of TLR4 could reverse the protective effects of silencing circ_KATNAL1. In conclusion, circ_KATNAL1 can promote an inflammatory role in human middle ear epithelial cells through the miR- 31-5p / TLR4 axis, which may become an important target for the diagnosis and treatment of otitis media.

Analysis of risk factors affecting olfactory dysfunction in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis: Highlighting the role of metabolic syndrome.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the relationship between chronic sinusitis (CRS) and metabolic syndrome (MS) in a Chinese population and to explore the risk factors for olfactory dysfunction in patients with CRS. Methods: A total of 387 CRS patients were enrolled. Olfactory function was assessed by the Sniffin' Sticks 12-item test and MS was diagnosed according to the guidelines. Logistic regression analysis was performed on CRS patients to screen independent risk factors of olfactory dysfunction, adjusted for confounding factors. Results: Among 387 patients, average age of visit and duration of onset were 48.7 years and 1.8 years, respectively. The prevalence of MS was 15.0%. CRS patients with MS were more likely to be older (51.2 vs. 46.8, p = .004), predominantly male (p < .001) and have a higher proportion of olfactory dysfunction (62.1% vs. 44.1%, p = .018) than those without MS. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, MS was associated with olfactory dysfunction in CRS patients (OR: 2.06, 95% CI: 1.14-3.72, p = .016). This association remained significant after controlling for confounding factors. In addition, nasal polyps (OR: 13.41, 95% CI: 8.11-22.17, p < .001) and allergic rhinitis (OR: 3.16, 95% CI: 1.67-5.99, p < .001) were also risk factors for olfactory dysfunction after adjusting for confounding factors. Conclusions: MS is associated with olfactory dysfunction in patients with CRS. MS, nasal polyps, and allergic rhinitis are risk factors for olfactory dysfunction in CRS patients. Level of evidence: IV.

Factors Contributing to Diagnosis and Prognosis in Sinonasal Malignancies.

Objectives: This study was intended to explore and analyze the factors which affect the survival and prognosis of patients with malignant tumors of nasal cavity and sinus. Methods: Retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 39 cases of malignant tumors of nasal cavity and sinus that met the requirements of the study. A follow-up study was performed on the patients for more than 36 months. Survival analysis was conducted via the Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test. Cox regression model was used for multivariate analysis. Results: Gender, pathological type, treatment plan, clinical stage, and survival time of patients were different. Clinical stage was substantially related to the survival of patients (P < 0.05), which was an independent factor affecting prognosis. Conclusions: Early detection and comprehensive treatment of sinonasal malignancies can improve the prognosis and prolong the survival time of patients.

Lung adenocarcinoma metastasis to paranasal sinus: A case report.

BACKGROUND: Lung cancer is often metastasized to the brain, liver, kidneys, bone, bone marrow, and adrenal glands; however, metastasis of primary lung cancer to the paranasal sinuses is extremely rare. CASE SUMMARY: In this paper, we present a case of metastatic tumors of the sinus secondary to lung adenocarcinoma. The patient was a 46-year-old woman who underwent surgical removal of lung carcinoma. Four months after the surgical removal of the lung tumor, the patient presented with epistaxis, and on investigation, the diagnosis was confirmed to be nasal sinus tumors due to metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma. CONCLUSION: Thorough investigation of patients with epistaxis and a history of lung cancer is necessary to diagnose metastatic sinus tumors. We reviewed relevant literature and found that there are no characteristic clinical or radiologic features for metastatic sinus tumors; however, the diagnosis can be confirmed by histopathological examination of biopsied tumor sample.

MicroRNA-223-5p suppresses the progression of nasopharyngeal carcinoma by targeting DCLK1.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the function of microRNA (miR)-223-5p in the malignant biological behavior of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism. The expression levels of miR-223-5p and doublecortin-like kinase 1 (DCLK1) were detected via reverse transcription-quantitative PCR analysis. Cell viability was evaluated using Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. Cell migration and invasion were measured via Transwell assays, while a luciferase reporter assay was conducted to identify the interaction between miR-223-5p and DCLK1. The results demonstrated that miR-223-5p expression was significantly downregulated, whereas DCLK1 expression was significantly upregulated in NPC tissues and cells. Moreover, both miR-223-5p overexpression and DCLK1 silencing markedly suppressed the progression of NPC. It was also observed that miR-223-5p directly targeted DCLK1 and decreased its expression. Furthermore, it was suggested that DCLK1 overexpression may partially reverse the suppressive effects of miR-223-5p on the progression of NPC. Collectively, the results of the present study indicated that miR-223-5p may suppress NPC progression by targeting DCLK1, thereby indicating a novel potential approach to the diagnosis and treatment of NPC.

CircCTDP1 promotes nasopharyngeal carcinoma progression via a microRNA­320b/HOXA10/TGFß2 pathway.

Circular RNAs have been reported to play a vital role in the development and progression of various types of cancer. However, the underlying molecular role of circular RNA CTDP1 (circCTDP1) in the tumorigenesis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) remains unknown. In the present study, circCTDP1 expression was found to be markedly upregulated in NPC tissues and cell lines (SUNE1, SUNE2 and 6­10B cell lines). Knockdown of circCTDP1 resulted in inhibition of proliferation, migration and invasion, and promoted apoptosis of NPC cells. Moreover, circCTDP1 directly interacted with microRNA (miR)­320b based on bioinformatics prediction and dual luciferase assay, and transfection with an miR­320b inhibitor reversed the effects of circCTDP1 knockdown on NPC cells. Furthermore, circCTDP1/miR­320b promoted NPC progression by regulating the expression of homeobox A10 (HOXA10). In addition, it was demonstrated that HOXA10 may exert its oncogenic role in NPC by regulating the expression of transforming growth factor ß2 (TGFß2). Taken together, these results revealed a novel regulatory mechanism, which may provide an improved understanding of NPC tumorigenesis and be useful in the development of potential targets for NPC therapy.

Elevated SUV39H2 attributes to the progression of nasopharyngeal carcinoma via regulation of NRIP1.

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a prevalent tumor in southern China and southeast Asia. Recent studies have demonstrated that viral infection, somatic genetic changes, and epigenetic changes synergistically contribute to NPC pathogenesis. Genome-wide studies show that epigenetic aberrations likely drive nasopharyngeal carcinoma development and progression. This work is aimed at investigating the effect of histone methyltransferase SUV39H2 in NPC. The elevated expression of SUV39H2 in NPC is observed by analyzing GSE53819 and GSE12452 downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. SUV39H2 knockdown inhibits NPC proliferation and induces the apoptosis of cancer cells. At last, RNaseq analysis identifies a variety of SUV39H2 downstream genes related with cancer, in which, NRIP1 is identified as a critical downstream target of SUV39H2 in NPC. Taken together, these findings provide a theoretical basis for understating the biological roles of SUV39H2 in NPC.

[Endoscopic sinus surgery for the treatment of nasal inverted papilloma].

OBJECTIVE: To summary the clinical characteristics and outcomes of nasal inverted papilloma treated by intranasal endoscopic approach. METHOD: Fourty-six patients with nasal inverted papilloma were treated with endoscopic surgery from 1995 to 2005. There were 34 males and 12 females, age ranged from 18 to 76 years old. The period of follow-up was 12-72 months. RESULT: Only 5 cases recurred within 24 months after the surgery. The other cases had no recurrence during the follow-up period. CONCLUSION: The endoscopic endonasal approach is an effective treatment for an inverted papilloma in selected cases. A combination of Caldwell Luc procedure and transnasal endoscopic sinus surgery may be needed for those patients with inverted papilloma in stage III.