RESUMO
Timosaponin B-II (TB-II; (25S)-26-(ß-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-3ß-[(2-O-ß-D-glucopyranosyl-ß-D-galactopyranosyl) oxy]-5ß-furostan-22-ol is extracted from Anemarrhena. Its anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, and anti-asthma properties have been widely explored. However, its effect on the heart has not been reported. In this study, we used zebrafish as a research model to determine the effects of TB-II on the heart and its toxic and anti-inflammatory effects. To explore the cause of cardioprotective effects of TB-II, we used transgenic zebrafish with macrophages and neutrophils labeled with fluorescent protein. We found for the first time that TB-II had a protective effect on the zebrafish heart. It did not affect the survival and hatching rates of zebrafish embryos, indicating its low toxicity. Results showed that TB-II may have cardioprotective effects, which might be related to its anti-inflammatory effects.
Assuntos
Anemarrhena/química , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Cardiotônicos/farmacologia , Saponinas/farmacologia , Esteroides/farmacologia , Animais , Animais Geneticamente Modificados , Anti-Inflamatórios/administração & dosagem , Anti-Inflamatórios/isolamento & purificação , Cardiotônicos/isolamento & purificação , Cardiotônicos/toxicidade , Feminino , Macrófagos/efeitos dos fármacos , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Masculino , Neutrófilos/efeitos dos fármacos , Neutrófilos/metabolismo , Rizoma , Saponinas/isolamento & purificação , Saponinas/toxicidade , Esteroides/isolamento & purificação , Esteroides/toxicidade , Peixe-ZebraRESUMO
The ginsenoside Rg1 is the most abundant compound in ginseng. Recent studies showed that Rg1 had neuroprotective effects on neuronal cells. The present study was to prepare Rg1-loaded alginate-chitosan microspheres and research the effects of microspheres on human bone marrow (BM) stromal cells (hBMSC). The alginate-chitosan microspheres were prepared by mechanical emulsification technique in combination with ion (Ca2+) and chitosan solidification. Subsequently, the microspheres were employed to load Rg1 ginseng extracts. The microspheres had a smooth surface and were spherical in shape. The average diameter of the microspheres was 3.95 µm. The loading efficiency was approximately 2.12%. The purity of isolated hBMSC was over 98.8%. Rg1-loaded microspheres could promote hBMSC proliferation and differentiation. Meanwhile, Rg1-loaded microspheres could also suppress hBMSC apoptosis induced by hypoxia-reoxygenation. In conclusion, these loaded microspheres may be used in the research of neuroprotective effects of Rg1.