The function and mechanism of Human nasal mucosa-derived mesenchymal stem cells in allergic rhinitis in mice.

PURPOSE: To investigate the immunomodulatory effects and potential mechanisms of human nasal mucosa-derived mesenchymal stem cells(hNMSCs) on mouse allergic rhinitis, and to compare them with human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs). METHOD: hNMSCs and hUCMSCs were isolated and cultured for identification from human nasal mucosa and umbilical cord tissues. A co-culture system of LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells/mouse peritoneal macrophages and MSCs was employed.Changes in inflammatory factors in RAW264.7 cells and the culture medium as well as the expression of NF-κB signaling pathway in RAW264.7 cells were detected. Forty-eight BALB/c mice were randomly divided into control, OVA, hNMSCs, and hUCMSCs groups. An allergic rhinitis (AR) model was established through ovalbumin (OVA) stimulation and treated with hNMSCs and hUCMSCs. Subsequent assessments included related symptoms, biological changes, and the expression of the NF-κB signaling pathway in the nasal mucosa of mice. RESULTS: MSCs can be successfully isolated from human nasal mucosa. Both hNMSCs and hUCMSCs interventions significantly reverseed the inflammation induced by LPS and suppressed the upregulation of the NF-κB signaling pathway in RAW264.7 cells. Treatment with hNMSCs and hUCMSCs alleviated mouse allergic symptoms, reduced levels of total IgE, OVA-specific IgE and IgG1 in mouse serum, TH2-type cytokines and chemokines in mouse nasal mucosa, and TH2-type cytokines in mouse spleen culture medium, while also inhibiting the expression of the NF-κB signaling pathway in the nasal mucosa of mice. moreover, the hNMSCs group showed a more significant reduction in OVA-specific IgG1 in serum and IL-4 expression levels in mouse spleen culture medium compared to the hUCMSCs group. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that hNMSCs can ameliorate allergic rhinitis in mice, with a certain advantage in anti-inflammatory effects compared to hUCMSCs. The NF-κB pathway is likely involved in the anti-inflammatory regulation process by hNMSCs.Therefore, hNMSCs might represent a novel therapeutic approach for allergic rhinitis.

Relationship between bleeding sites and clinical data: experience of 646 epistaxis cases in 8 years.

PURPOSE: This study aims to investigate the bleeding sites and their relationship with clinical characteristics in hospitalized epistaxis patients. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the data of 646 hospitalized epistaxis patients. RESULTS: The bleeding sites were identified in 395 (61.1%) patients and unidentified in 251 (38.9%). We found that age > 50 years (P = 0.030) and the history of cardiovascular diseases (P = 0.027) were more frequent in patients with unidentified bleeding sites. Among patients with identified sites, inferior meatus (n = 130, 32.9%) was the most common site, followed by the septal surface of the olfactory region (n = 102, 25.8%), nasal septum (n = 80, 20.3%), middle meatus (n = 60, 15.2%), and others (n = 23, 5.8%). After dividing patients into five groups by the area of the bleeding sites, we found significant differences in age (P = 0.026), history of hypertension (P = 0.001), cardiovascular diseases (P = 0.032), and nasal packing (P = 0.011). The logistic regression also revealed that these four factors were predictors for different bleeding sites. CONCLUSION: The bleeding sites can be identified in most epistaxis patients. Age > 50 years and the history of cardiovascular diseases are more frequent in patients with unidentified bleeding sites. In our patients, the most common bleeding site is inferior meatus, followed by the septal surface of the olfactory region, nasal septum, and middle meatus. Age, histories of hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, and nasal packing are factors associated with the bleeding risks of different bleeding sites. According to the different clinical characteristics of patients, the order of the nasal endoscopic examination should be adjusted to develop their treatment plans.