The exploration of surgery and survival prediction in patients with peritoneal metastasis from gastric adenocarcinoma based on the SEER database.

Background: As one of the most common diseases in terms of cancer-related mortality worldwide, gastric adenocarcinoma (GA) frequently develops peritoneal metastases (PMs) in advanced stages. Systemic therapy or optimal supportive care are recommended for advanced GA; however, patients frequently develop drug resistance. Surgical resection is not recommended for stage IV patients, and there have been some controversies regarding the role of it in GA patients with PMs. The aim of the study was to preliminarily evaluate the possible effect of surgical treatments on patients with only PMs from GA. Methods: Data were collected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database (year 2000-2022). A propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to reduce the influence of selection bias and confounding variables on comparisons. Then Cox proportional hazard regression, Kaplan-Meier analysis, and log-rank test were performed to assess the efficacy of surgical treatment in patients with PMs from GA. Results: A total of 399 patients diagnosed with PMs from GA were enrolled for our analysis, of which, 180 (45.1%) patients did not receive surgery and 219 (54.9%) patients received surgery. Multivariate Cox regression analysis before PSM indicated higher rates of overall survival (OS) outcome for patients who had received surgery [hazard ratio (HR) =0.4342, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.3283-0.5742, P<0.001]. After PSM, a total of 172 patients were enrolled, with 86 in each group. Multivariate Cox analysis showed that surgery was the independent factor reflecting patients' survival (HR =0.4382, 95% CI: 0.3037-0.6324, P<0.001). Subgroup survival analysis revealed that surgery may bring advantages to patients with grades I-IV, stages T1-T4, stage N0, and tumor size less than 71 mm (P<0.05). We also found that the OS of chemotherapy patients who had undergone surgery was better than that of chemotherapy patients who had not undergone surgery (P<0.01). Conclusions: Based on the SEER database, surgery has better OS for patients only with PMs from GA. Patients without lymph node metastasis and those who received chemotherapy before may benefit from surgery. These specific groups of patients may have surgery as an option to improve the prognosis.

Minimally Invasive Delivery of Percutaneous Ablation Agent via Magnetic Colloidal Hydrogel Injection for Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Percutaneous thermotherapy, a minimally invasive operational procedure, is employed in the ablation of deep tumor lesions by means of target-delivering heat. Conventional thermal ablation methods, such as radiofrequency or microwave ablation, to a certain extent, are subjected to extended ablation time as well as biosafety risks of unwanted overheating. Given its effectiveness and safety, percutaneous thermotherapy gains a fresh perspective, thanks to magnetic hyperthermia. In this respect, an injectable- and magnetic-hydrogel-construct-based thermal ablation agent is likely to be a candidate for the aforementioned clinical translation. Adopting a simple and environment-friendly strategy, a magnetic colloidal hydrogel injection is introduced by a binary system comprising super-paramagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles and gelatin nanoparticles. The colloidal hydrogel constructs, unlike conventional bulk hydrogel, can be easily extruded through a percutaneous needle and then self-heal in a reversible manner owing to the unique electrostatic cross-linking. The introduction of magnetic building blocks is exhibited with a rapid magnetothermal response to an alternating magnetic field. Such hydrogel injection is capable of generating heat without limitation of deep penetration. The materials achieve outstanding therapeutic results in mouse and rabbit models. These findings constitute a new class of locoregional interventional thermal therapies with minimal collateral damages.

Polyphenylene Oxide Film Sandwiched between SiO2 Layers for High-Temperature Dielectric Energy Storage.

The commercial capacitor using dielectric biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) can work effectively only at low temperatures (less than 105 °C). Polyphenylene oxide (PPO), with better heat resistance and a higher dielectric constant, is promising for capacitors operating at elevated temperatures, but its charge-discharge efficiency (η) degrades greatly under high fields at 125 °C. Here, SiO2 layers are magnetron sputtered on both sides of the PPO film, forming a composite material of SiO2/PPO/SiO2. Due to the wide bandgap and high Young's modulus of SiO2, the breakdown strength (Eb) of this composite material reaches 552 MV/m at 125 °C (PPO: 534 MV/m), and the discharged energy density (Ue) under Eb improves to 3.5 J/cm3 (PPO: 2.5 J/cm3), with a significantly enhanced η of 89% (PPO: 70%). Furthermore, SiO2/PPO/SiO2 can discharge a Ue of 0.45 J/cm3 with an η of 97% at 125 °C under 200 MV/m (working condition in hybrid electric vehicles) for 20,000 cycles, and this value is higher than the energy density (∼0.39 J/cm3 under 200 MV/m) of BOPP at room temperature. Interestingly, the metalized SiO2/PPO/SiO2 film exhibits valuable self-healing behavior. These results make PPO-based dielectrics promising for high-temperature capacitor applications.

Processable circularly polarized luminescence material enables flexible stereoscopic 3D imaging.

Endowing three-dimensional (3D) displays with flexibility drives innovation in the next-generation wearable and smart electronic technology. Printing circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) materials on stretchable panels gives the chance to build desired flexible stereoscopic displays: CPL provides unusual optical rotation characteristics to achieve the considerable contrast ratio and wide viewing angle. However, the lack of printable, intense circularly polarized optical materials suitable for flexible processing hinders the implementation of flexible 3D devices. Here, we report a controllable and macroscopic production of printable CPL-active photonic paints using a designed confining helical co-assembly strategy, achieving a maximum luminescence dissymmetry factor (glum) value of 1.6. We print customized graphics and meter-long luminous coatings with these paints on a range of substates such as polypropylene, cotton fabric, and polyester fabric. We then demonstrate a flexible textile 3D display panel with two printed sets of pixel arrays based on the orthogonal CPL emission, which lays an efficient framework for future intelligent displays and clothing.

Designing nanohesives for rapid, universal, and robust hydrogel adhesion.

Nanoparticles-based glues have recently been shown with substantial potential for hydrogel adhesion. Nevertheless, the transformative advance in hydrogel-based application places great challenges on the rapidity, robustness, and universality of achieving hydrogel adhesion, which are rarely accommodated by existing nanoparticles-based glues. Herein, we design a type of nanohesives based on the modulation of hydrogel mechanics and the surface chemical activation of nanoparticles. The nanohesives can form robust hydrogel adhesion in seconds, to the surface of arbitrary engineering solids and biological tissues without any surface pre-treatments. A representative application of hydrogel machine demonstrates the tough and compliant adhesion between dynamic tissues and sensors via nanohesives, guaranteeing accurate and stable blood flow monitoring in vivo. Combined with their biocompatibility and inherent antimicrobial properties, the nanohesives provide a promising strategy in the field of hydrogel based engineering.

Nanowire-based smart windows combining electro- and thermochromics for dynamic regulation of solar radiation.

Smart window is an attractive option for efficient heat management to minimize energy consumption and improve indoor living comfort owing to their optical properties of adjusting sunlight. To effectively improve the sunlight modulation and heat management capability of smart windows, here, we propose a co-assembly strategy to fabricate the electrochromic and thermochromic smart windows with tunable components and ordered structures for the dynamic regulation of solar radiation. Firstly, to enhance both illumination and cooling efficiency in electrochromic windows, the aspect ratio and mixed type of Au nanorods are tuned to selectively absorb the near-infrared wavelength range of 760 to 1360 nm. Furthermore, when assembled with electrochromic W18O49 nanowires in the colored state, the Au nanorods exhibit a synergistic effect, resulting in a 90% reduction of near-infrared light and a corresponding 5 °C cooling effect under 1-sun irradiation. Secondly, to extend the fixed response temperature value to a wider range of 30-50 °C in thermochromic windows, the doping amount and mixed type of W-VO2 nanowires are carefully regulated. Last but not the least, the ordered assembly structure of the nanowires can greatly reduce the level of haze and enhance visibility in the windows.

Engineering Multishelled Nanostructures Enables Stepwise Self-Degradability for Drug-Release Optimization.

The balance between degradability and drug release kinetics is a major challenge for the development of drug delivery systems. Here we develop hierarchically structured nanoparticles comprising multiple noncontact silica shells using an amorphous calcium carbonate template. The system could be degraded in a sequential fashion on account of the molecularly engineered multishelled structures. The hydrolysis rate of drug-containing cores is inversely correlated with the nanoparticle concentration due to the shielding effect of the hierarchical nanostructure and could be exploited to regulate the release kinetics. Specifically, multishelled nanospheres show a low drug release rate with high doses that increases steadily as the concentration decreases due to continuous degradation, thus stabilizing the local drug concentration for effective tumor therapy. Moreover, the nanoparticles could be eventually degraded completely, which may reduce their health risks. This kind of hierarchically structured silica-based nanoparticle could serve as a sustainable drug depot and provides a new avenue for tumor treatment.

Amorphous Precursor-Mediated Calcium Phosphate Coatings with Tunable Microstructures for Customized Bone Implants.

Calcium phosphate (CaP) is frequently used as coating for bone implants to promote osseointegration. However, commercial CaP coatings via plasma spraying display similar microstructures, and thus fail to provide specific implants according to different surgical conditions or skeletal bone sites. Herein, inspired by the formation of natural biominerals with various morphologies mediated by amorphous precursors, CaP coatings with tunable microstructures mediated by an amorphous metastable phase are fabricated. The microstructures of the coatings are precisely controlled by both polyaspartic acid and Mg2+ . The cell biological behaviors, including alkaline phosphatase activity, mineralization, and osteogenesis-related genes expression, on the CaP coatings with different microstructures, exhibit significant differences. Furthermore, in vivo experiments demonstrate the osseointegration in different types of rats and bones indeed favors different CaP coatings. This biomimetic strategy can be used to fabricate customized bone implants that can meet the specific requirements of various surgery conditions.

A Magneto-Heated Ferrimagnetic Sponge for Continuous Recovery of Viscous Crude Oil.

The high viscosity and low fluidity of heavy crude oil hinder its sorption by conventional porous sorbents, so the efficient clean-up of such heavy crude oil spills is challenging. Recently, Joule heating has been emerging as a new tool to reduce the viscosity of heavy crude oil dramatically. However, this direct-contact heating approach presents a potential risk due to the high voltage applied. To develop a non-contact recovery of viscous crude oil, here, a new approach for the fabrication of a series of ferrimagnetic sponges (FMSs) with hydrophobic porous channels is reported, whose surface can be remotely heated to 120 °C within 10 s under an alternating magnetic field (f = 274 kHz, H = 30 kA m-1 ). Compared with the solar-driven superficial heating, the integral magnetic heating in FMSs can result in a higher internal temperature of the sponges because of the confinement of thermal transport in the porous channels, which contributes to a dramatic decrease in oil viscosity and a significant increase in oil flow into the pores of FMSs. Furthermore, FMSs assembled with a self-priming pump can achieve continuous recovery of viscous crude oil (33.05 g h-1 cm-2 ) via remotely magnetic heating.

A multi-responsive healable supercapacitor.

Self-healability is essential for supercapacitors to improve their reliability and lifespan when powering the electronics. However, the lack of a universal healing mechanism leads to low capacitive performance and unsatisfactory intelligence. Here, we demonstrate a multi-responsive healable supercapacitor with integrated configuration assembled from magnetic Fe3O4@Au/polyacrylamide (MFP) hydrogel-based electrodes and electrolyte and Ag nanowire films as current collectors. Beside a high mechanical strength, MFP hydrogel exhibits fast optical and magnetic healing properties arising from distinct photothermal and magneto-thermal triggered interfacial reconstructions. By growing electroactive polypyrrole nanoparticles into MFP framework as electrodes, the assembled supercapacitor exhibits triply-responsive healing performance under optical, electrical and magnetic stimuli. Notably, the device delivers a highest areal capacitance of 1264 mF cm-2 among the reported healable supercapacitors and restores ~ 90% of initial capacitances over ten healing cycles. These prominent performance advantages along with the facile device-assembly method make this emerging supercapacitor highly potential in the next-generation electronics.

Effects of stored autotransfusion on electrolytes and postoperative complications in patients undergoing elective orthopedic surgery.

OBJECTIVE: To ivestigate the effect of stored autotransfusion on the electrolytes and postoperative complications in patients undergoing elective orthopedic surgery. METHODS: A total of 76 cases of patients undergoing elective orthopedic surgery were randomly divided into an observation group (38 cases, taking stored autotransfusion) and a control group (38 cases, taking allogeneic blood transfusion) according to a random number table method. The intraoperative-related indexes (intraoperative blood loss, autologous or allogeneic blood transfusion volume, urine volume, and length of hospital stay), electrolyte levels before and 48 hours after the operation, routine blood and coagulation function were compared between the two groups, and the postoperative complications related to blood transfusion were recorded. RESULTS: The length of hospital stay of the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). The concentrations of K+ and Na+ in the control group 48 h after the operation were higher than those before the operation and than those in the observation group, while the concentration of Ca2+ was lower than that before the operation and that in the observation group (all P<0.05). The levels of Hb, RBC, and HCT in the control group 48 h after the operation were lower than those before the operation and those in the observation group (all P<0.05). The levels of WBC in the two groups 48 h after the operation were significantly higher, but those in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (all P<0.05). There were no significant changes in Pt, APTT, D-D, and FIB levels between the two groups. There were no significant changes in Pt, APTT, D-D, and FIB levels 48 hours after the operation compared with those before the operation (P>0.05). The incidence of postoperative complications caused by blood transfusion in the observation group was lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Storage autotransfusion can effectively balance the electrolyte level and reduce the incidence of complications in patients undergoing elective orthopedic surgery. This is worthy of clinical application.

Bimetallic nickel-molybdenum/tungsten nanoalloys for high-efficiency hydrogen oxidation catalysis in alkaline electrolytes.

Hydroxide exchange membrane fuel cells offer possibility of adopting platinum-group-metal-free catalysts to negotiate sluggish oxygen reduction reaction. Unfortunately, the ultrafast hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) on platinum decreases at least two orders of magnitude by switching the electrolytes from acid to base, causing high platinum-group-metal loadings. Here we show that a nickel-molybdenum nanoalloy with tetragonal MoNi4 phase can catalyze the HOR efficiently in alkaline electrolytes. The catalyst exhibits a high apparent exchange current density of 3.41 milliamperes per square centimeter and operates very stable, which is 1.4 times higher than that of state-of-the-art Pt/C catalyst. With this catalyst, we further demonstrate the capability to tolerate carbon monoxide poisoning. Marked HOR activity was also observed on similarly designed WNi4 catalyst. We attribute this remarkable HOR reactivity to an alloy effect that enables optimum adsorption of hydrogen on nickel and hydroxyl on molybdenum (tungsten), which synergistically promotes the Volmer reaction.

Tumor microenvironment-activatable Fe-doxorubicin preloaded amorphous CaCO3 nanoformulation triggers ferroptosis in target tumor cells.

The rapid development of treatment resistance in tumors poses a technological bottleneck in clinical oncology. Ferroptosis is a form of regulated cell death with clinical translational potential, but the efficacy of ferroptosis-inducing agents is susceptible to many endogenous factors when administered alone, for which some cooperating mechanisms are urgently required. Here, we report an amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC)-based nanoassembly for tumor-targeted ferroptosis therapy, in which the totally degradable ACC substrate could synergize with the therapeutic interaction between doxorubicin (DOX) and Fe2+. The nanoplatform was simultaneously modified by dendrimers with metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2)-sheddable PEG or targeting ligands, which offers the functional balance between circulation longevity and tumor-specific uptake. The therapeutic cargo could be released intracellularly in a self-regulated manner through acidity-triggered degradation of ACC, where DOX could amplify the ferroptosis effects of Fe2+ by producing H2O2. This nanoformulation has demonstrated potent ferroptosis efficacy and may offer clinical promise.

Ferrimagnetic mPEG-b-PHEP copolymer micelles loaded with iron oxide nanocubes and emodin for enhanced magnetic hyperthermia-chemotherapy.

As a non-invasive therapeutic method without penetration-depth limitation, magnetic hyperthermia therapy (MHT) under alternating magnetic field (AMF) is a clinically promising thermal therapy. However, the poor heating conversion efficiency and lack of stimulus-response obstruct the clinical application of magnetofluid-mediated MHT. Here, we develop a ferrimagnetic polyethylene glycol-poly(2-hexoxy-2-oxo-1,3,2-dioxaphospholane) (mPEG-b-PHEP) copolymer micelle loaded with hydrophobic iron oxide nanocubes and emodin (denoted as EMM). Besides an enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) contrast ability (r 2 = 271 mM-1 s-1) due to the high magnetization, the specific absorption rate (2518 W/g at 35 kA/m) and intrinsic loss power (6.5 nHm2/kg) of EMM are dozens of times higher than the clinically available iron oxide nanoagents (Feridex and Resovist), indicating the high heating conversion efficiency. Furthermore, this composite micelle with a flowable core exhibits a rapid response to magnetic hyperthermia, leading to an AMF-activated supersensitive drug release. With the high magnetic response, thermal sensitivity and magnetic targeting, this supersensitive ferrimagnetic nanocomposite realizes an above 70% tumor cell killing effect at an extremely low dosage (10 µg Fe/mL), and the tumors on mice are completely eliminated after the combined MHT-chemotherapy.

Regulating the Coordination Environment of MOF-Templated Single-Atom Nickel Electrocatalysts for Boosting CO2 Reduction.

The general synthesis and control of the coordination environment of single-atom catalysts (SACs) remains a great challenge. Herein, a general host-guest cooperative protection strategy has been developed to construct SACs by introducing polypyrrole (PPy) into a bimetallic metal-organic framework. As an example, the introduction of Mg2+ in MgNi-MOF-74 extends the distance between adjacent Ni atoms; the PPy guests serve as N source to stabilize the isolated Ni atoms during pyrolysis. As a result, a series of single-atom Ni catalysts (named NiSA -Nx -C) with different N coordination numbers have been fabricated by controlling the pyrolysis temperature. Significantly, the NiSA -N2 -C catalyst, with the lowest N coordination number, achieves high CO Faradaic efficiency (98 %) and turnover frequency (1622 h-1 ), far superior to those of NiSA -N3 -C and NiSA -N4 -C, in electrocatalytic CO2 reduction. Theoretical calculations reveal that the low N coordination number of single-atom Ni sites in NiSA -N2 -C is favorable to the formation of COOH* intermediate and thus accounts for its superior activity.

Cytoplasmic SIRT1 inhibits cell migration and invasion by impeding epithelial-mesenchymal transition in ovarian carcinoma.

Sirtuin1 (SIRT1) is a mammalian NAD+-dependent type III deacetylase that plays paramount roles in diverse cellular processes. The nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of SIRT1 was discovered more than a decade ago, but the roles of subcellular SIRT1 localization in tumor progression remain unclear. Here, we report that cytoplasmic SIRT1 acts as a tumor suppressor in ovarian carcinoma. By creating ovarian carcinoma cell lines overexpressing wild-type SIRT1 and nuclear localization signals (NLSs) mutated SIRT1 together with both unbiased proteomic and acetylomic approaches and Transwell assays, we identified that mutations in the NLS sequences prevented SIRT1 from entering the nucleus, resulting in the predominant cytoplasmic localization of SIRT1; the cytoplasmic localization of SIRT1 suppressed the mesenchymal program, activated the epithelial program, and inhibited the migration and invasion of tumor cells, thus providing experimental evidence that SIRT1 functions as a tumor suppressor or oncogene may depend on its subcellular localization. Altogether, our findings may highlight a novel role of cytoplasmic SIRT1 in ovarian carcinoma, providing new possible insights for studies investigating the role of SIRT1 in tumor progression.

Unconventional CN vacancies suppress iron-leaching in Prussian blue analogue pre-catalyst for boosted oxygen evolution catalysis.

The incorporation of defects, such as vacancies, into functional materials could substantially tailor their intrinsic properties. Progress in vacancy chemistry has enabled advances in many technological applications, but creating new type of vacancies in existing material system remains a big challenge. We show here that ionized nitrogen plasma can break bonds of iron-carbon-nitrogen-nickel units in nickel-iron Prussian blue analogues, forming unconventional carbon-nitrogen vacancies. We study oxygen evolution reaction on the carbon-nitrogen vacancy-mediated Prussian blue analogues, which exhibit a low overpotential of 283 millivolts at 10 milliamperes per square centimeter in alkali, far exceeding that of original Prussian blue analogues and previously reported oxygen evolution catalysts with vacancies. We ascribe this enhancement to the in-situ generated nickel-iron oxy(hydroxide) active layer during oxygen evolution reaction, where the Fe leaching was significantly suppressed by the unconventional carbon-nitrogen vacancies. This work opens up opportunities for producing vacancy defects in nanomaterials for broad applications.

"Superaerophobic" Nickel Phosphide Nanoarray Catalyst for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution at Ultrahigh Current Densities.

The design of highly efficient non-noble-metal electrocatalysts for large-scale hydrogen production remains an ongoing challenge. We report here a Ni2P nanoarray catalyst grown on a commercial Ni foam substrate, which demonstrates an outstanding electrocatalytic activity and stability in basic electrolyte. The high catalytic activity can be attributed to the favorable electron transfer, superior intrinsic activity, and the intimate connection between the nanoarrays and their substrate. Moreover, the unique "superaerophobic" surface feature of the Ni2P nanoarrays enables a remarkable capability to withstand internal and external forces and release the in situ generated H2 bubbles in a timely manner at large current densities (such as >1000 mA cm-2) where the hydrogen evolution becomes vigorous. Our results highlight that an aerophobic structure is essential to catalyze gas evolution for large-scale practical applications.

A Highly Stretchable and Real-Time Healable Supercapacitor.

In addition to a high specific capacitance, a large stretchability and self-healing properties are also essential to improve the practicality and reliability of supercapacitors in portable and wearable electronics. However, the integration of multiple functions into one device remains challenging. Here, the construction of a highly stretchable and real-time omni-healable supercapacitor is demonstrated by sandwiching the polypyrrole-incorporated gold nanoparticle/carbon nanotube (CNT)/poly(acrylamide) (GCP@PPy) hydrogel electrodes with a CNT-free GCP (GP) hydrogel as the electrolyte and chemically soldering an Ag nanowire film to the hydrogel electrode as the current collector. The newly developed dynamic metal-thiolate (M-SR, M = Au, Ag) bond-induced integrated configuration, with an intrinsically powerful electrode and electrolyte, enables the assembled supercapacitor to deliver an areal capacitance of 885 mF cm-2 and an energy density of 123 µWh cm-2 , which are among the highest-reported values for stretchable supercapacitors. Notably, the device exhibits a superhigh stretching strain of 800%, rapid optical healing capability, and significant real-time healability during the charge-discharge process. The exceptional performance combined with the facile assembly method confirms this multifunctional device as the best performer among all the flexible supercapacitors reported to date.

A Janus Nickel Cobalt Phosphide Catalyst for High-Efficiency Neutral-pH Water Splitting.

Transition-metal phosphides have stimulated great interest as catalysts to drive the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), but their use as bifunctional catalytic electrodes that enable efficient neutral-pH water splitting has rarely been achieved. Herein, we report the synthesis of ternary Ni0.1 Co0.9 P porous nanosheets onto conductive carbon fiber paper that can efficiently and robustly catalyze both the HER and water oxidation in 1 m phosphate buffer (PBS; pH 7) electrolyte under ambient conditions. A water electrolysis cell comprising the Ni0.1 Co0.9 P electrodes demonstrates remarkable activity and stability for the electrochemical splitting of neutral-pH water. We attribute this performance to the new ternary Ni0.1 Co0.9 P structure with porous surfaces and favorable electronic states resulting from the synergistic interplay between nickel and cobalt. Ternary metal phosphides hold promise as efficient and low-cost catalysts for neutral-pH water splitting devices.